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Cellular and Molecular Regulatory Signals in Root Growth and Development
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Cellular and Molecular Regulatory Signals in Root Growth and Development

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 3281

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Guzel Kudoyarova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ufa Institute of Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
Interests: plant productivity; phytohormones; plant growth promoting bacteria; bacterial metabolites; plant-microorganism interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Responses of root growth and development to environmental changes ensure adequate adaptation of plants to availability of water and nutrients. For example, accelerating root elongation allows them to reach deeper soil layers, where water is still stored during drought, when the top layers become dry. Increased root branching in the soil patches enriched with mineral nutrients facilitates their acquisition by plants. These types of responses are initiated by environmental signals that induce and interact with endogenous signals resulting in the changes in division, elongation and differentiation of root cells. Although the complicated net of these signals has been thoroughly studied, many questions still remain unanswered. Therefore we invite researchers to submit their experimental and review articles to the present Special Issue. The articles should address (but not be limited to) the following topics:

  • sensors of water and nutrients availability (osmosensors and receptors, such as NRT, translating changes in concentration of essential elements into root developmental changes);
  • control of root growth and development by transcription factors, MAP kinase modules and secondary messengers (PLETHORA, WUSCHEL-related homeobox, MYB, WRKY, NAC and other translation factors; reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide);
  • hormonal control of root growth and development (root cell division, elongation and differentiation; initiation of lateral root primordia and their emergence; root hair formation; differentiation of secondary walls);
  • influence of water deficit on local and distant signals controlling root growth and developments;
  • effects of toxic compounds on root growth and development (such as heavy metals, herbicides, high concentration of sodium and others);
  • regulatory signals generated by plant growth promoting bacteria and their effects on root growth and development.

Prof. Dr. Guzel Kudoyarova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • reactive oxygen species
  • water supply and deficit
  • root apoplastic barriers
  • root architecture
  • nutrients uptake

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 18479 KiB  
Article
Do DEEPER ROOTING 1 Homologs Regulate the Lateral Root Slope Angle in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)?
by Alexey S. Kiryushkin, Elena L. Ilina, Tatyana Y. Kiikova, Katharina Pawlowski and Kirill N. Demchenko
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(4), 1975; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25041975 - 06 Feb 2024
Viewed by 839
Abstract
The architecture of the root system is fundamental to plant productivity. The rate of root growth, the density of lateral roots, and the spatial structure of lateral and adventitious roots determine the developmental plasticity of the root system in response to changes in [...] Read more.
The architecture of the root system is fundamental to plant productivity. The rate of root growth, the density of lateral roots, and the spatial structure of lateral and adventitious roots determine the developmental plasticity of the root system in response to changes in environmental conditions. One of the genes involved in the regulation of the slope angle of lateral roots is DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1). Its orthologs and paralogs have been identified in rice, Arabidopsis, and several other species. However, nothing is known about the formation of the slope angle of lateral roots in species with the initiation of lateral root primordia within the parental root meristem. To address this knowledge gap, we identified orthologs and paralogs of the DRO1 gene in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) using a phylogenetic analysis of IGT protein family members. Differences in the transcriptional response of CsDRO1, CsDRO1-LIKE1 (CsDRO1L1), and CsDRO1-LIKE2 (CsDRO1L2) to exogenous auxin were analyzed. The results showed that only CsDRO1L1 is auxin-responsive. An analysis of promoter–reporter fusions demonstrated that the CsDRO1, CsDRO1L1, and CsDRO1L2 genes were expressed in the meristem in cell files of the central cylinder, endodermis, and cortex; the three genes displayed different expression patterns in cucumber roots with only partial overlap. A knockout of individual CsDRO1, CsDRO1L1, and CsDRO1L2 genes was performed via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Our study suggests that the knockout of individual genes does not affect the slope angle formation during lateral root primordia development in the cucumber parental root. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Regulatory Signals in Root Growth and Development)
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22 pages, 6671 KiB  
Article
Nutrient Solution Flowing Environment Affects Metabolite Synthesis Inducing Root Thigmomorphogenesis of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Hydroponics
by Bateer Baiyin, Yue Xiang, Jiangtao Hu, Kotaro Tagawa, Jung Eek Son, Satoshi Yamada and Qichang Yang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16616; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316616 - 22 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 843
Abstract
The principal difference between hydroponics and other substrate cultivation methods is the flowing liquid hydroponic cultivation substrate. Our previous studies have revealed that a suitable flowing environment of nutrient solution promoted root development and plant growth, while an excess flow environment was unfavorable [...] Read more.
The principal difference between hydroponics and other substrate cultivation methods is the flowing liquid hydroponic cultivation substrate. Our previous studies have revealed that a suitable flowing environment of nutrient solution promoted root development and plant growth, while an excess flow environment was unfavorable for plants. To explain the thigmomorphogenetic response of excess flow-induced metabolic changes, six groups of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), including two flow conditions and three time periods, were grown. Compared with the plants without flow, the plants with flow showed decreased root fresh weight, total root length, root surface area, and root volume but increased average root diameter and root density. The roots with flow had more upregulated metabolites than those without flow, suggesting that the flow may trigger metabolic synthesis and activity. Seventy-nine common differential metabolites among six groups were screened, and enrichment analysis showed the most significant enrichment in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Arginine was present in all the groups and exhibited greater concentrations in roots with flow than without flow. It can be speculated from the results that a high-flowing environment of nutrient solution promotes arginine synthesis, resulting in changes in root morphology. The findings provide insights on root thigmomorphogenesis affected by its growing conditions and help understand how plants respond to environmental mechanical forces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Regulatory Signals in Root Growth and Development)
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13 pages, 6271 KiB  
Article
Immunolocalization of Jasmonates and Auxins in Pea Roots in Connection with Inhibition of Root Growth under Salinity Conditions
by Guzel Akhiyarova, Gyulnar Vafina, Dmitriy Veselov and Guzel Kudoyarova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(20), 15148; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015148 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 780
Abstract
Inhibition of root elongation is an important growth response to salinity, which is thought to be regulated by the accumulation of jasmonates and auxins in roots. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the interaction of these hormones in the regulation of the growth response to [...] Read more.
Inhibition of root elongation is an important growth response to salinity, which is thought to be regulated by the accumulation of jasmonates and auxins in roots. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the interaction of these hormones in the regulation of the growth response to salinity are still not clear enough. Their better understanding depends on the study of the distribution of jasmonates and auxins between root cells. This was achieved with the help of immunolocalization of auxin (indoleacetic acid) and jasmonates on the root sections of pea plants. Salinity inhibited root elongation and decreased the size of the meristem zone and the length of cells in the elongation zone. Immunofluorescence based on the use of appropriate, specific antibodies that recognize auxins and jasmonates revealed an increased abundance of both hormones in the meristem zone. The obtained data suggests the participation of either auxins or jasmonates in the inhibition of cell division, which leads to a decrease in the size of the meristem zone. The level of only auxin and not jasmonate increased in the elongation zone. However, since some literature evidence argues against inhibition of root cell division by auxins, while jasmonates have been shown to inhibit this process, we came to the conclusion that elevated jasmonate is a more likely candidate for inhibiting root meristem activity under salinity conditions. Data suggests that auxins, not jasmonates, reduce cell size in the elongation zone of salt-stressed plants, a suggestion supported by the known ability of auxins to inhibit root cell elongation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Regulatory Signals in Root Growth and Development)
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