Molecular and Physiological Responses of Horticultural Crops to Abiotic Stresses: Effect and Improvement

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Developmental Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2021) | Viewed by 7808

Special Issue Editors


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Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
Interests: precision horticulture; mineral nutrition; abiotic stress; plant molecular physiology

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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The major horticultural crops produced in the world are vegetables, fruits, and flowers. Recently, the importance of abiotic stresses has been gaining attention because many regions of horticultural crop production in the world experience diverse abiotic stresses, including those caused by the global climate change. Abiotic stresses in the form of extreme temperatures, light, humidity, drought, and/or salinity are well-known, and they are associated with a number of morphological, physiological, and biochemical events. The most common stress factors are the easiest for people to identify, but there are many other less recognizable abiotic stress factors which constantly affect the cultural environment.

Abiotic stress factors exert their negative effects through various biological molecules and induce oxidative stress by inhibiting the detoxifying enzymes of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These responses are direct consequences of changes in physiology, and gene or protein expressions. Abiotic stress factors may also induce a series of alterations which can influence the photochemical quantum yield of photosynthesis. The major effects of these abiotic stresses are a reduction in crop yield. Although many major steps have been taken through the years to reduce the effects of these stresses by genomic approaches, genomic information alone has been insufficient to answer those questions concerning gene function, developmental and regulatory biology, and the biochemical aspects.

The research topic aims to explore and provide more comprehensive approaches that include quantitative and qualitative analyses at the physiological, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels to elucidate the major effects and improvements of abiotic stresses in horticultural plants. We welcome contributions including original research papers, short communications, reviews, and methods which are focused on the molecular and physiological overview of horticultural plants under abiotic stresses. Articles focused on alleviation and improvements of horticultural plants under abiotic stresses are also welcome.

Dr. Sowbiya Muneer
Prof. Dr. Byoung Ryong Jeong
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Abiotic stress
  • Horticultural crops
  • Physiological modeling
  • Genomics
  • Proteomics
  • Transcriptomics

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2312 KiB  
Article
Alleviation of Heat Stress in Tomato by Exogenous Application of Sulfur
by Muhammad Moaaz Ali, Muhammad Waleed Shafique, Shaista Gull, Waleed Afzal Naveed, Talha Javed, Ahmed Fathy Yousef and Rosario Paolo Mauro
Horticulturae 2021, 7(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7020021 - 29 Jan 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3987
Abstract
Temperature is a key factor influencing plant growth and productivity, however sudden increases in temperature can cause severe consequences in terms of crop performance. We evaluated the influence of elementary sulfur application on the physiology and growth of two tomato genotypes (“Ahmar” and [...] Read more.
Temperature is a key factor influencing plant growth and productivity, however sudden increases in temperature can cause severe consequences in terms of crop performance. We evaluated the influence of elementary sulfur application on the physiology and growth of two tomato genotypes (“Ahmar” and “Roma”) grown in two growth chambers (at 25 and 45 °C). Plants were sprayed with 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppm sulfur 45 days after sowing (untreated plants were kept as control). Plants of the “Roma” cultivar receiving 6 ppm sulfur exhibited maximal shoot and root biomass values followed by those receiving 4 ppm under both temperature conditions. Maximal CO2 index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and greenness index values (188.1 µmol mol−1, 36.3 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1, 1.8 µmol H2O m−2 s−1, and 95 SPAD, respectively) were observed in plants of “Roma” cultivar grown at 25 °C, indicating positive influences of sulfur on tomato physiology. Similarly, sulfur maximized proline, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in leaves of both genotypes at both temperatures. The differences between control and sulfur-treated plants grown under heat stress indicate a possible role of sulfur in mitigating heat stress. Overall, our results suggest that 6 ppm of sulfur is the best dose to alleviate tomato heat stress and enhance the morphological, physiological, and biochemical attributes of tomato plants. Full article
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16 pages, 1269 KiB  
Article
Roles of Si and SiNPs in Improving Thermotolerance of Wheat Photosynthetic Machinery via Upregulation of PsbH, PsbB and PsbD Genes Encoding PSII Core Proteins
by Heba Hassan, Aishah Alatawi, Awatif Abdulmajeed, Manal Emam and Hemmat Khattab
Horticulturae 2021, 7(2), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7020016 - 26 Jan 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 2857
Abstract
Photosystem II is extremely susceptible to environmental alterations, particularly high temperatures. The maintenance of an efficient photosynthetic system under stress conditions is one of the main issues for plants to attain their required energy. Nowadays, searching for stress alleviators is the main goal [...] Read more.
Photosystem II is extremely susceptible to environmental alterations, particularly high temperatures. The maintenance of an efficient photosynthetic system under stress conditions is one of the main issues for plants to attain their required energy. Nowadays, searching for stress alleviators is the main goal for maintaining photosynthetic system productivity and, thereby, crop yield under global climate change. Potassium silicate (K2SiO3, 1.5 mM) and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs, 1.66 mM) were used to mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress (45 °C, 5 h) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. (Shandawelly) seedlings. The results showed that K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs diminished leaf rolling symptoms and electrolyte leakage (EL) of heat-stressed wheat leaves. Furthermore, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PIabs), as well as the photosynthetic pigments and organic solutes including soluble sugars, sucrose, and proline accumulation, were increased in K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs stressed leaves. At the molecular level, RT-PCR analysis showed that K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs treatments stimulated the overexpression of PsbH, PsbB, and PsbD genes. Notably, this investigation indicated that K2SiO3 was more effective in improving wheat thermotolerance compared to SiO2NPs. The application of K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs may be one of the proposed approaches to improve crop growth and productivity to tolerate climatic change. Full article
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