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Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the...
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Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 18975

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gianpiero Greco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: exercise; wellbeing; physical activity; physical fitness; psychological fitness; human performance; healthy lifestyle; tactical population
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Luca Poli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: human microbiota; physical activity; physical exercise; training; microbiome; gut; muscle activation; dynamic force; bench belts; bench press; parapower lifting
Dr. Filip Kukić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Police Sports Education Center, Abu Dhabi Police, Abu Dhabi 253, United Arab Emirates
Interests: applied exercise interventions; physical activity and health; physical activity behavior; body composition changes; data analysis; health promotion; tactical populations; obesity; sarcopenia; fitness
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Messina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Human Movement Sciences, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
Interests: TMJ desorders; sport injury; sport dentistry; EMG; gait analysis; posturography; swallowing dysfunction; mandibular kinesiography; sports psychology; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Occupational health is a major problem in modern work environments. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), workplace health risks cause occupational diseases and can aggravate other health problems. Organizational environmental work-related factors—such as occupational stress, night- and shiftwork, sedentary work, unhealthy food intake at work, air pollutants, etc.—can contribute to the onset of diseases. As reported by the literature, several workers are particularly exposed to those work-related cardiovascular risk factors, such as healthcare workers, professional drivers, transport workers, and blue collars, especially in some more vulnerable populations (e.g., elderly, and disabled people). Another of the most important disorders is burnout syndrome. According to the WHO and International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD-11), “Burnout is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It is characterized by three dimensions: feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion; increased mental distance from one’s job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one's job; and reduced professional efficacy.”

The global working population is quickly aging, and the simultaneous exposure to occupational unhealthy lifestyles could impact both general health and well-being. Additionally, transitions involving digitalization challenge current working life practices and management on how to ensure occupational health and safety. We currently do not know how new ways of organizing work are related to the work-life balance, creativity, and well-being of workers. Therefore, Health and Wellness programs aimed at increasing physical activity, stress reduction, nutritional quality, and chronic disease prevention are of significant interest and in line with the third goal of sustainable development to preserve the planet (United Nations proposal, 2021), i.e., good health and well-being. Additionally, the development of Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) strategies to prevent occupational diseases and keep workers safe and healthy is crucial. In the workplace, organizational and personal-oriented strategies can be developed with the aim of improving both the physical health and the mental well-being of the workers. Special attention must be paid to activities that support the principle of gender equality in all its forms by stimulating the psycho-physical empowerment of the female gender.

This Special Issue offers an opportunity to publish high-quality multi-disciplinary workplace health and wellbeing promotion research. Specifically, research based on the bio-psycho-social model that investigates the bio-medical, motor-psycho-pedagogical-relational, and labour-law fields from a cross- and multidisciplinary perspective is welcome. Scholars in this field of research are welcome to submit original articles or reviews (narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses) to our Special Issue. The topics covered are described in the keywords below, but are not limited to.

Dr. Gianpiero Greco
Dr. Luca Poli
Dr. Filip Kukić
Dr. Giuseppe Messina
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • workplace health and well-being promotion strategies
  • workplace physical activity
  • workplace stress reduction and burnout prevention
  • work-related stress and its linkage with diseases
  • sustainable workplace wellness policies and programs
  • policy, systems, and environment approach in the workplace
  • organizational strategies to manage diseases in the workplace
  • strategies oriented to improve mental and physical health in the workplace
  • role of personal and organizational factors on the adherence to WHP programs
  • psychophysical health and productivity of employees in the post-COVID period
  • cost-effectiveness of health promotion/disease prevention programs in the workplace
  • impact of sitting/sedentary time on the health and productivity of employees

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 260 KiB  
Article
Health Behaviors of Cancer Survivors According to the Employment Status and Occupation: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Ka Ryeong Bae, Wi-Young So and Su Jung Lee
Healthcare 2023, 11(22), 2974; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11222974 - 16 Nov 2023
Viewed by 744
Abstract
This study aimed to identify differences in health behaviors according to the employment status and occupation of cancer survivors, as well as to identify risk factors. Using data from the Korea National and Health Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2018), 1023 cancer survivors aged 19–60 [...] Read more.
This study aimed to identify differences in health behaviors according to the employment status and occupation of cancer survivors, as well as to identify risk factors. Using data from the Korea National and Health Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2018), 1023 cancer survivors aged 19–60 years were classified based on their employment status and occupation, and their health behaviors were comparatively assessed. To investigate the impact of occupational status on the health behaviors of cancer survivors, we performed multivariate adjusted logistic regression analysis. Five hundred fifty-six (54.3%) cancer survivors were engaged in economic activities. After adjusting for various factors, white- and blue-collar workers exhibited an increased risk of obesity. The blue-collar group had a 1.45 times higher risk of non-practice with cancer screening, while the white-collar group had a 0.50 times lower risk of non-practice with health screening. The results provide evidence of the need to support cancer survivors in practicing healthy behaviors according to their employment status and occupation. As cancer survivors’ economic activities increase, it is necessary to help them manage their health by predicting any possible health-behavior failures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace)
12 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Teachers’ Lived Experiences of Workplace Violence and Harassment Committed by Learners from Selected High Schools in Limpopo Province, South Africa
by Madie Collen Mangena and Sogo France Matlala
Healthcare 2023, 11(18), 2602; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182602 - 21 Sep 2023
Viewed by 815
Abstract
Despite several studies on learner-to-teacher workplace violence and harassment, the problem persists in some South African schools. Learner-to-teacher violence and harassment is a form of workplace violence and harassment, as schools are workplaces for teachers. Learner-to-teacher violence and harassment is therefore an important [...] Read more.
Despite several studies on learner-to-teacher workplace violence and harassment, the problem persists in some South African schools. Learner-to-teacher violence and harassment is a form of workplace violence and harassment, as schools are workplaces for teachers. Learner-to-teacher violence and harassment is therefore an important occupational health and safety issue for teachers. Employers are obliged to provide a safe working environment for teachers to enable quality teaching and learning in schools. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of high school teachers who have been targets of workplace violence and harassment perpetrated by learners at selected schools in Limpopo Province of South Africa. Many teachers were willing to share their lived experiences but, due to data saturation, only eleven participated after being selected through purposive sampling from seven high schools under a chosen sub-district. The research ethics of voluntary participation, informed consent, ethical clearance, and gatekeeper permission were observed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using an interview guide. The interviews were audio-taped, and field notes were also taken. Voice recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis into themes and sub-themes. The findings were confirmed by an independent coder to achieve trustworthiness. Teachers experienced physical workplace violence and harassment, verbal workplace violence and harassment, and nonverbal workplace violence and harassment from learners. Learner-to-teacher workplace violence and harassment affects teachers emotionally, and in turn, affects the quality of teaching and learning in schools. Some teachers propose the involvement of a community policing forum, the strengthening of schools’ governing bodies, and reducing overcrowding in classrooms as possible solutions to deal with learner-to-teacher workplace violence and harassment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace)
20 pages, 702 KiB  
Article
The Moderating Role of Psychological Safety in the Relationship between Job Embeddedness, Organizational Commitment, and Retention Intention among Home Care Attendants in Taiwan
by Min-Yen Chang, Chih-Kuang Fu, Chi-Fu Huang and Han-Shen Chen
Healthcare 2023, 11(18), 2567; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182567 - 17 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1268
Abstract
As Taiwan’s population ages, the need for long-term care, such as home care, is increasing due to improved medical services and longer life expectancy; however, the current coverage rate for home care services is only 50%, highlighting the importance of retaining home care [...] Read more.
As Taiwan’s population ages, the need for long-term care, such as home care, is increasing due to improved medical services and longer life expectancy; however, the current coverage rate for home care services is only 50%, highlighting the importance of retaining home care workers. This study applies job embeddedness, organizational commitment, and psychological safety as variables to explore the retention intention of Taiwan’s home care workers. A questionnaire survey was distributed among home care workers using convenience sampling, resulting in 547 collected questionnaires, of which 458 were valid. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0, and a structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Our findings suggest that job embeddedness has a positive impact on organizational commitment (γ = 0.649, γ = 0.607, and γ = 0.628; p < 0.001) and retention intention (γ = 0.253, γ = 0.242, γ = 0.271; p < 0.001), similar to organizational commitment (γ = 0.721, p < 0.001). Additionally, organizational commitment mediates job embeddedness and retention intention, while psychological safety moderated organizational commitment and retention intention (β = 0.639; p < 0.001). This study aims to provide information for the development of more effective human resource policies and contribute to practical advancements in the home care service environment and management structure of home care organizations. By analyzing and exploring the main factors contributing to home care workers’ retention intention, we hope to enhance the overall benefits of home service organizations and the industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace)
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16 pages, 1050 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Perceived Stress, Obesity, and Hypertension in Korean Adults and Older Adults
by Sung-Eun Park, Wi-Young So, Yun-Sun Kang and Jong-Hyun Yang
Healthcare 2023, 11(16), 2271; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162271 - 11 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1507
Abstract
Background: Perceived stress has a significant effect on metabolic diseases, including obesity and hypertension. However, the association between stress levels, obesity, and hypertension according to age and sex is not fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between stress levels and obesity [...] Read more.
Background: Perceived stress has a significant effect on metabolic diseases, including obesity and hypertension. However, the association between stress levels, obesity, and hypertension according to age and sex is not fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between stress levels and obesity and hypertension in Korean adults and older adults. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2015 survey of the Korea National Physical Fitness Project conducted by the Korea Institute of Sports Science and the Korea Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism. Of the 3457 participants, 2829 were adults (20–64 years old) and 628 were older adults (≥65 years old). The correlation between obesity and hypertension according to the degree of perceived stress (low, medium, and high) was analyzed using the chi-square test. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of perceived stress levels on obesity and hypertension. Age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, exercise frequency, smoking, breakfast, and sleeping hours were included as covariates. Results: In adult males, perceived stress levels, age, and diastolic blood pressure were found to have a significant impact on obesity rates, whereas age and breakfast had a significant effect on hypertension rates. In adult females, age and systolic blood pressure were found to significantly influence obesity rates, whereas age, BMI, and exercise frequency had a significant impact on hypertension rates. In older adult females, perceived stress levels and systolic blood pressure were found to significantly impact obesity rates, and sleep duration influenced the rates of hypertension. The effect of perceived stress level on obesity and hypertension rates was less pronounced in the elderly population than in the adult population. Conclusions: This study revealed age and sex differences in the relationship between perceived stress, obesity, and hypertension among Koreans. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex relationship between perceived stress and metabolic disorders and emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of the specific factors involved in the prevention and management of metabolic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace)
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11 pages, 273 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Stress and Burnout among Lithuanian University Coaches: A Pre-Pandemic Coronavirus and Post-Pandemic Period Comparison
by Romualdas Malinauskas and Vilija Malinauskiene
Healthcare 2023, 11(14), 2096; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142096 - 23 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 908
Abstract
(1) Background: The majority of studies analyzing associations between burnout, gender, and perceived stress have utilized a cross-sectional design. This present longitudinal study investigated associations between burnout, perceived stress, and gender compared during the pre-pandemic Coronavirus and post-pandemic period among Lithuanian university coaches. [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The majority of studies analyzing associations between burnout, gender, and perceived stress have utilized a cross-sectional design. This present longitudinal study investigated associations between burnout, perceived stress, and gender compared during the pre-pandemic Coronavirus and post-pandemic period among Lithuanian university coaches. (2) Methods: 214 university coaches were randomly selected for the study. Study participants completed two measurements: one pre-pandemic and the second post-pandemic. (3) Results: Gender differences were identified on all burnout elements but not on perceived stress. Repeated measures (RM) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) results did not show a significant effect for the interaction between gender and time. Results of hierarchical (stepwise) regression analyses revealed that perceived stress after the pandemic predicted burnout levels for all three burnout components (exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced accomplishment) after the pandemic. (4) Conclusions: The current study contributes to the understanding of burnout components in relation to perceived stress through a longitudinal approach using a representative sample of Lithuanian university coaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace)
13 pages, 575 KiB  
Article
Mediating Effect of Sports Safety Awareness between Sports Activity Habits and the Intention to Complete Safety Education among Korean Adolescents
by Ki-Hee Jo, Seung-Man Lee, Wi-Young So and Eui-Jae Lee
Healthcare 2023, 11(13), 1891; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11131891 - 30 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1029
Abstract
Background: As the importance of safety during sports activities continues to gain emphasis socially, the interest in creating a culture of safety and safety education to support this is also increasing. However, no study has examined the willingness of adolescents to complete safety [...] Read more.
Background: As the importance of safety during sports activities continues to gain emphasis socially, the interest in creating a culture of safety and safety education to support this is also increasing. However, no study has examined the willingness of adolescents to complete safety education voluntarily. To identify methods of building a culture of sports safety among adolescents, this study investigated the structural relationship among three related variables: sports activity habits, intention to complete safety education, and sports safety awareness of Korean adolescents. Methods: Data on 3928 adolescents aged 13–18 years old from the 2019 Sports Safety Accident Survey conducted by the Korea Sports Safety Foundation were analyzed. This encompassed frequency analysis, scale reliability, validity verification, descriptive statistics analysis, path analysis, and mediating effect verification. Results: The results indicated that sports activity habits among these adolescents had a positive effect on their sports safety awareness and on their intention to complete safety education; further, their sports safety awareness had a positive effect on their intention to complete safety education. The results also showed that sports safety awareness had a partial mediating effect between sports activity habits and intention to complete safety education. The willingness of adolescents to voluntarily complete safety education is particularly important, as adolescence is a critical period when lifelong safety habits can be formed. Conclusions: Based on the results, discussions on creating safe sports activity habits for adolescents and continuous education on sports safety awareness are needed. Ultimately, we need to improve sports safety awareness by paying attention to the development and implementation of sports safety education programs for adolescents as a national policy and, through this, increase their willingness to complete safety education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace)
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10 pages, 742 KiB  
Article
The Motivation of Medical Staff and the Work Interestedness in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic, in a Tertiary Hospital in Romania
by Codrin Dan Nicolae Ilea, Mădălina Diana Daina, Alina Cristiana Venter, Corina Lacramioara Șuteu, Monica Sabău, Dana Badau and Lucia Georgeta Daina
Healthcare 2023, 11(6), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060813 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1216
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the motivation and work interestedness of employees in a tertiary hospital located in the northwest of Romania. In the study, 2230 employee satisfaction questionnaires distributed during 2019–2021 in [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the motivation and work interestedness of employees in a tertiary hospital located in the northwest of Romania. In the study, 2230 employee satisfaction questionnaires distributed during 2019–2021 in the Oradea Emergency County Clinical Hospital (CCEHO) were analyzed. The percentage of those who declare themselves motivated at the hospital level remains relatively constant, at around 75%. There were differences between staff categories. The percentage of those who evaluate work interestedness with the qualifier “high” decreased from 45.45% for the year 2019 to 41.78% for the year 2021. The degree of motivation and work interestedness showed a significant increase for TESA staff during the pandemic period compared to the year 2019. A non-significant statistical increase in the percentage of motivated staff was observed among physicians, auxiliary staff and the radiology department staff. The motivation of nurses and laboratory staff decreased, but statistically insignificantly. The COVID-19 pandemic brought statistically significant changes at the level of motivation of the hospital staff only for the administrative staff, and the work interestedness for physicians and nurses decreased statistically significantly, especially in the second year of the pandemic. Older staff with an average level of education are more likely to be unmotivated, as shown by the regression model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace)
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16 pages, 732 KiB  
Article
The Impacts of Work-Life Balance on the Emotional Exhaustion and Well-Being of College Teachers in China
by Changwu Wei and Jian-Hong Ye
Healthcare 2022, 10(11), 2234; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112234 - 08 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4811
Abstract
UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 states that “Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being at all ages is essential to sustainable development.” The sustainable well-being of college teachers deserves attention. Currently, college teachers in China are facing enormous challenges and pressures, which may increase [...] Read more.
UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 states that “Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being at all ages is essential to sustainable development.” The sustainable well-being of college teachers deserves attention. Currently, college teachers in China are facing enormous challenges and pressures, which may increase their emotional exhaustion (EE) and hinder the sustainable development of their well-being (WB). Therefore, this study examined Chinese college teachers’ well-being in relation to their work-life balance (WLB) and EE. An online survey was conducted. The valid subjects included 586 college teachers (367 females, 62.6%). We assessed their WLB, EE, and WB. The results revealed that among the Chinese college teachers, (1) WLB was negatively correlated with EE, but positively correlated with WB; EE was negatively correlated with WB; (2) EE partially mediated the relationship between WLB and WB; and (3) College teachers who are male, class tutors, and in public colleges scored higher on EE and lower on WLB and WB than those who are female, non-class tutors, and in private colleges, respectively. The findings indicated that WLB is an important factor for the sustainable development of the well-being of college teachers, and special attention should be paid to college teachers who are male, class tutors, and in public colleges in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace)
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Review

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23 pages, 746 KiB  
Review
Positioning Technostress in the JD-R Model Perspective: A Systematic Literature Review
by Martina Pansini, Ilaria Buonomo, Clara De Vincenzi, Bruna Ferrara and Paula Benevene
Healthcare 2023, 11(3), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030446 - 03 Feb 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4197
Abstract
This paper aims to describe the effects of Technostress on employees’ well-being and productivity. We adopted the Job Demands Resources Model as a theoretical framework to analyze the “Technostress” phenomenon in order to clarify whether and how technology can be considered a job [...] Read more.
This paper aims to describe the effects of Technostress on employees’ well-being and productivity. We adopted the Job Demands Resources Model as a theoretical framework to analyze the “Technostress” phenomenon in order to clarify whether and how technology can be considered a job demand, a job resource, or part of the effects of personal resources in the workplace. The sources search and selection process was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and regarded papers published from 2010 to 2022. Overall, the findings show that most selected papers consider ICT a job demand negatively affecting human behavior, thoughts, and attitudes. In contrast, some report that ICT acts as a job resource, thus reducing the impact of job demands and their physiological and psychological costs. Finally, a third category of studies does not consider the effects of ICT itself but gives more space to the interaction among ICT, the organizational context in which it is used, and the personal characteristics of ICT users. More specifically, the findings show how individual features and organizational procedures can shape the interpretations employees make about their ICT-related experiences at work and, consequently, their performance or well-being. Findings suggest that when ICT tools are strategically planned and used within organizations, they can enrich the employee experience at work, positively affecting the individual and the organizational level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace)
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Other

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18 pages, 498 KiB  
Systematic Review
Nature in the Office: A Systematic Review of Nature Elements and Their Effects on Worker Stress Response
by María Luisa Ríos-Rodríguez, Marina Testa Moreno and Pilar Moreno-Jiménez
Healthcare 2023, 11(21), 2838; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212838 - 27 Oct 2023
Viewed by 948
Abstract
Work-related stress is a significant problem in many work environments and can have negative consequences for both employees and organisations. This review aimed to identify which elements of biophilic design in the workplace affect workers’ stress response. To enable this, a literature search [...] Read more.
Work-related stress is a significant problem in many work environments and can have negative consequences for both employees and organisations. This review aimed to identify which elements of biophilic design in the workplace affect workers’ stress response. To enable this, a literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, Scopus, and Medline. The search was limited to articles published from 2012 to June 2023. This review only integrated quantitative data, incorporating twelve records for qualitative synthesis. The selected studies suggest that strategies such as access to outdoor environments or the creation of outdoor areas are effective in reducing stress in the workplace. If these are not feasible, the examined research advocates the use of virtual means to recreate such relaxation or break spaces. Furthermore, aspects of interest for future research were identified, such as multisensory stimulation, including the sense of smell, the exploration of views with natural elements, the creation of shelters, or the study of biomorphic forms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promotion and Protection of Health and Psychophysical Wellbeing in the Workplace)
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