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Diagnostic Testing and Condition Monitoring Methods

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2022) | Viewed by 5995

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Saravanakumar Arumugam

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Guest Editor

Institute of Marine Engineering, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
Interests: partial discharge; performance and fault diagnosis; power and distribution transformers; power cable; ceramic insulator; electrical discharges; signal processing techniques

Dr. Chakradhar C. Reddy

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
Interests: electric power cable technology; mechanism of conduction and breakdown in dielectrics; space charges in dielectrics; power equipment (transformers, machines, HVDC/AC cables and accessories); advances in high voltage engineering; nano-composite dielectrics; power electronics; signal processing in HV engineering

Prof. Dr. Santoshkumar C. Vora

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
Interests: power system state estimation; condition monitoring of electrical apparatus; power system stability; renewable integration in power system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The “condition monitoring and diagnostics of in-service power apparatuses” is very essential to enhance the performance of power networks and to gain better asset management. A feasible approach to achieve these is to provide an optimized reliability-oriented maintenance scheme targeting a broader spectrum of power system apparatuses. The relevant condition monitoring techniques and pertinent data obtained would not only provide a real-time electrostatic field stress faced by the power system apparatus, but also remain a valuable input for improving the design criteria and insulation material. In some cases, a clearer picture regarding the condition of the materials used, their rate of deterioration and the corresponding stress conditions that initiate incipient fault conditions can be obtained. In this context, more work is being carried out worldwide by research institutions, universities, industries and field data collected by engineers, utilities and power plant arrangements. This Special Issue provides a platform to discuss these aspects and share the knowledge gained in the public domain.

Topics in this Special Issue may include (but are not limited to) the following:

Dielectrics and electrical insulation;
Mechanisms of insulation breakdown;
Influence of electrical and thermal stress conditions on insulation and power apparatus;
Physics of failures and deduced mechanisms in insulation, semi-conductors, high-power IGBT modules, thyristors, etc.;
Development and application of newer and innovative insulating materials such as nano-dielectrics, nanocomposites, etc.;
Studies on incipient faults, material degradation and premature failures of high-voltage and high-power apparatuses including, but not restricted to, transformers (power, distribution, auto, current, potential, etc.), cables, bushings, insulators, semi-conductor modules, circuit breakers, lightning arresters, high-power IGBT, etc.;
Offline, online diagnostic tests and condition monitoring methods (dielectric response analysis, frequency response analysis, insulation resistance, dissolved gas analysis, polarization and depolarization currents, partial discharges, permittivity analysis, etc.);
Improvement in high-voltage generation and measurement techniques;
Partial discharges, AC, DC streamer mechanism;
Aging process and asset management;
Novel instrumentation, sensors, development of newer, novel innovative offline and online measuring techniques for monitoring power apparatuses;
Field studies, data interpretation, data analysis of in-service high-voltage and high-power apparatuses;
Theory and analytical development for novel non-destructive test techniques;
Failure studies and root cause analysis, reliability analysis, remnant life assessment;
Standardization of the test and interpretation procedures;
Other inter-disciplinary studies.

Dr. Saravanakumar Arumugam
Dr. Chakradhar C. Reddy
Prof. Dr. Santoshkumar C. Vora
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

diagnostic tests
offline/online condition monitoring methods
dielectric response analysis
frequency response analysis
polarization and depolarization currents
partial discharges—conventional, AC, DC, VHF, UHF, acoustic, etc.
AC, DC measurement techniques
high-voltage methods
dielectrics and electrical insulation
mechanisms of insulation breakdown
electrical discharges
AC, DC streamer mechanism
aging process and asset management
novel instrumentation
novel measuring techniques
nano-dielectrics, nanocomposites, etc.
material degradation
stress conditions
physics of failures
field studies, data analysis
failure studies and root cause analysis
other inter-disciplinary studies

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 9518 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Influence of Water Ingress on Surface Discharges Occurring on the Silicone Gel Encapsulated Printed Circuit Boards Developed for Deep-Sea Applications

by Saravanakumar Arumugam, Yvonne Haba, Petrus Jacobus Pieterse, Dirk Uhrlandt and Sascha Kosleck

Energies 2023, 16(14), 5353; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145353 - 13 Jul 2023

Viewed by 797

Abstract

This paper discusses the influence of water ingress on the electrical discharges that arise on the surface of printed circuit boards that are developed for deep sea applications. The primary concern is the electrical discharges arising on the surface of the PCB bridging localized spots/areas between conductive traces, high voltage terminal, mounting hole options, and so on. The current literature focuses on electrical discharges arising on the surface of PCB at low-pressure environments emulating aircraft and space applications. Extending the same approach to deep-sea environments is not feasible since the pressure is very high and the temperatures are very low. In all, a meager attempt has been made to investigate the possible application of such gel-encapsulated PCBs in adverse high-pressure, salt/sea water, low-temperature, deep-sea environments. This experimental study focuses on studying the influence of deionized and sea water on electrical discharges arising on the surface, between conductive tracks of PCB. A group of PCBs with different gaps between the conductive tracks was produced and immersed in deionized and seawater for a specific duration at standard pressure. Afterward, the discharge characteristics were measured the using partial discharge (PD) test method and the respective phase-resolved PD pattern was studied and analyzed. Pertinent experiments revealed that the PD process and eventual failure manifests as a typical and substantial pattern. The apparent charge measured during the PD inception and near-by failure condition, influenced by deionized and seawater, reveals a regular trend. Naturally, a simple observation of the PD pattern might help to identify the intricacy and to initiate a preventive measure well before the complete system suffers a premature failure. Also, based on these results, making slight structural modifications on the PCB at crucial locations might help in retaining the dielectric integrity of the material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Testing and Condition Monitoring Methods)

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22 pages, 4011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristics of Generic Dielectric Materials and Char as Bed Materials of a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor under High Temperature and Wide Frequency Range

by Saravanakumar Arumugam, Philipp Schröder, Thomas Schoenemann and York Neubauer

Energies 2022, 15(23), 9241; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239241 - 06 Dec 2022

Viewed by 981

Abstract

This paper investigates the characteristics of generic dielectric materials and char, which are intended to be used as the fixed bed materials of a non-thermal-plasma (NTP)-based dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. Such data are very essential when upgrading the fixed bed to a fluidised bed, which may provide further improvement in the production and quality of the producer gas. This measure would eventually cause a better producer gas and effective biomass-based power generation. Pertinent data that are currently available focus on either improving the design requirements of the producer gas or studying the impact of individual dielectric-material-specific applications to produce useful gases by decomposing the polluting gases. Considering that there has only been a meagre attempt to gather this information, this study gains its importance. In this context, the collective electrical behaviour of bed materials viz. quartz-sand, olivine, and char under ambient and higher temperatures is recorded and their frequency dependencies are analysed. First, the electrical behaviour of the chosen materials is resolved over a wide frequency range. For this purpose, two test cells, i.e., one for the ambient conditions and the other for higher temperatures, are built. Subsequently, the surface and volumetric properties of the chosen bed materials under ambient and higher temperatures are studied. As these materials are not as conductive as metal, such an approach is necessary to understand the apparent behaviour of the materials and anticipate their direct or indirect effects in the presence of non-thermal plasma. In summary, the data from the test cell under ambient and higher temperatures and the influence of materials in the dielectric barrier discharge reactor qualitatively define the material usage and may provide an opportunity to optimise their performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Testing and Condition Monitoring Methods)

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11 pages, 1888 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measurements and Analysis of Partial Discharges at HVDC Voltage with AC Components

by Marek Florkowski, Maciej Kuniewski and Paweł Zydroń

Energies 2022, 15(7), 2510; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072510 - 29 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2173

Abstract

This paper presents the methodology for phase-resolved partial discharge measurements in HVDC systems with a DC voltage containing trace AC harmonics or a DC voltage ripple. The measurement result of partial discharges is an indicator of the current condition of the high-voltage power devices’ insulation system. The voltage waveforms in HVDC systems are not ideal DC, because different disturbances occurring naturally in these systems can affect the DC voltage. The AC harmonics related to the AC source voltage, and the voltage ripples provided by the power converter topology, can be found in the HVDC voltage. This paper proposes a novel approach to partial discharge measurement in DC networks. The synchronization to the particular AC harmonics appearing in DC voltage was applied to the PD measurements. The analyses were performed on the model sample containing a void inclusion, which was placed between electrodes fed by the DC voltages with the imposed chosen AC harmonics. Two scenarios were analyzed at a constant DC level: one with a variable AC magnitude and the second with a variable frequency of an AC source adjusted to the harmonics: 50, 150, 300, and 350 Hz. It was observed that the superimposed AC voltage component resulted in an intensification of PDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Testing and Condition Monitoring Methods)

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27 pages, 8175 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Statistical Feature Extraction Combined with Generalized Discriminant Component Analysis Driven SVM for Fault Diagnosis of HVDC GIS

by Ruixu Zhou, Wensheng Gao, Weidong Liu, Dengwei Ding and Bowen Zhang

Energies 2021, 14(22), 7674; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227674 - 16 Nov 2021

Viewed by 1276

Abstract

Accurately identifying the types of insulation defects inside a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is of great significance for guiding maintenance work as well as ensuring the safe and stable operation of GIS. By building a set of 220 kV high-voltage direct current (HVDC) GIS experiment platforms and manufacturing four different types of insulation defects (including multiple sizes and positions), 180,828 pulse current signals under multiple voltage levels are successfully measured. Then, the apparent discharge quantity and the discharge time, two inherent physical quantities unaffected by the experimental platform and measurement system, are obtained after the pulse current signal is denoised, according to which 70 statistical features are extracted. In this paper, a pattern recognition method based on generalized discriminant component analysis driven support vector machine (SVM) is detailed and the corresponding selection criterion of involved parameters is established. The results show that the newly proposed pattern recognition method greatly improves the recognition accuracy of fault diagnosis in comparison with 36 kinds of state-of-the-art dimensionality reduction algorithms and 44 kinds of state-of-the-art classifiers. This newly proposed method not only solves the difficulty that phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) cannot be applied under DC condition but also immensely facilitates the fault diagnosis of HVDC GIS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Testing and Condition Monitoring Methods)

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