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Applications and New Technologies of Waste Heat Recovery
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Applications and New Technologies of Waste Heat Recovery

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2022) | Viewed by 13110

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gregoris Panayiotou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Operations and Maintenance Department, Sewerage Board of Limassol-Amathus, Limassol, Cyprus
Interests: renewable energy systems; energy efficiency; waste heat recovery
Dr. Lazaros Aresti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
Interests: renewable energy; shallow geothermal energy systems; CFD; engineering design; heat transfer; life cycle analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The industrial sector and its processes are responsible for almost 26% of European primary energy consumption, where high energy losses are recorded in the form of waste heat at various temperatures. Due to the increase in environmental awareness (reduction of fossil fuels) and the circular economy, the recovery of such waste heat streams can also be seen as an opportunity not only in terms of science but also in the business sector. These waste heat streams can be exploited for different applications with conventional and innovative technologies.

Authors are invited to submit articles on the exploitation and application of waste heat recovery (WHR) that may include, but are not limited to, direct and indirect waste heat streams for waste heat to useful heat, waste heat to power, and waste heat to storage concepts. Authors can contribute, but are not limited, to the WHR model with technologies/units (e.g., plate heat exchangers, economizers, ORC, Kalina cycle, waste heat boilers, heat pumps, heat pipes, heat recovery steam generators), control and optimization of WHR, emerging technologies’ evaluation, WHR system integration potential, WHR barriers, and/or economic potential (with technoeconomic and thermoeconomic analyses). Both experimental and theoretical as well as review studies are welcome to be submitted.

Dr. Gregoris Panayiotou
Dr. Lazaros Aresti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Waste heat recovery, WHR 
  • Energy recovery 
  • Waste heat potential 
  • Thermal energy storage, TES 
  • Organic Rankine cycles, ORC 
  • Waste heat to power 
  • Waste heat to useful heat 
  • Waste heat to storage 
  • District heat

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 3628 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic and Economic Analyses of Zero-Emission Open Loop Offshore Regasification Systems Integrating ORC with Zeotropic Mixtures and LNG Open Power Cycle
by Manuel Naveiro, Manuel Romero Gómez, Ignacio Arias-Fernández and Álvaro Baaliña Insua
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8622; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228622 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1253
Abstract
The present study provides an energy, exergy and economic analysis of a seawater regasification system (open loop) combining stages of simple organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) arranged in series with an open organic Rankine cycle (OC) in order to exploit the cold energy of [...] Read more.
The present study provides an energy, exergy and economic analysis of a seawater regasification system (open loop) combining stages of simple organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) arranged in series with an open organic Rankine cycle (OC) in order to exploit the cold energy of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The proposed system, termed ORC-OC, is implemented in a Floating Storage Regasification Unit (FSRU) to achieve the objective of zero greenhouse emissions during the regasification process. Configurations of up to three stages of ORCs and the use of zeotropic mixtures of ethane/propane and n-butane/propane as working fluids are considered in the study of the novel regasification system. Only the two-stage ORC-OC (2ORC-OC) and three-stage (3ORC-OC) configurations accomplish the objective of zero emissions, attaining exergy efficiencies of 61.80% and 62.04%, respectively. The overall cost rate of the latter, however, is 20.85% greater, so the 2ORC-OC results as being more cost-effective. A comparison with conventional regasification systems installed on board shows that the 2ORC-OC yields a lower total cost rate if the LNG price exceeds 8.903 USD/MMBtu. This value could be reduced, however, if the electrical power that exceeds the FSRU’s demand is exported and if compact heat exchangers are implemented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and New Technologies of Waste Heat Recovery)
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21 pages, 7848 KiB  
Article
A Recent Advance on Partial Evaporating Organic Rankine Cycle: Experimental Results on an Axial Turbine
by Guillaume Lhermet, Nicolas Tauveron, Nadia Caney, Quentin Blondel and Franck Morin
Energies 2022, 15(20), 7559; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207559 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1412
Abstract
The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology is an efficient way to convert low-grade heat from renewable sources or waste heat for power generation. The partial evaporating organic Rankine cycle (PEORC) can be considered as a promising alternative as it can offer a higher [...] Read more.
The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology is an efficient way to convert low-grade heat from renewable sources or waste heat for power generation. The partial evaporating organic Rankine cycle (PEORC) can be considered as a promising alternative as it can offer a higher utilization of the heat source. An experimental investigation of a small ORC system used in full or partial evaporation mode is performed. First characterized in superheated mode, which corresponds to standard ORC behavior, a semi-empirical correlative approach involving traditional non-dimensional turbomachinery parameters (specific speed, pressure ratio) can accurately describe one-phase turbine performance. In a second step, two-phase behavior is experimentally investigated. The efficiency loss caused by the two-phase inlet condition is quantified and considered acceptable. The turbine two-phase operation allows for an increase in the amount of recovered heat source. The ability to operate in two phases provides a new degree of flexibility when designing a PEORC. The semi-empirical correlative approach is then completed to take into account the partially evaporated turbine inlet condition. The qualitative description and the quantitative correlations in the one-phase and two-phase modes were applied to different pure working fluids (Novec649TM, HFE7000 and HFE7100) as well as to a zeotropic mixture (Novec649TM/HFE7000). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and New Technologies of Waste Heat Recovery)
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22 pages, 47760 KiB  
Article
Performance Prediction for a Marine Diesel Engine Waste Heat Absorption Refrigeration System
by Yongchao Sun, Pengyuan Sun, Zhixiang Zhang, Shuchao Zhang, Jian Zhao and Ning Mei
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7070; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197070 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1642
Abstract
The output of the absorption refrigeration system driven by exhaust gas is unstable and the efficiency is low. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the performance of absorption refrigeration systems in a stable state. This will help predict the dynamic parameters of the [...] Read more.
The output of the absorption refrigeration system driven by exhaust gas is unstable and the efficiency is low. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the performance of absorption refrigeration systems in a stable state. This will help predict the dynamic parameters of the system and thus control the output of the system. This paper presents a machine-learning algorithm for predicting the key parameters of an ammonia–water absorption refrigeration system. Three new machine-learning algorithms, Elman, BP neural network (BPNN), and extreme learning machine (ELM), are tested to predict the system parameters. The key control parameters of the system are predicted according to the exhaust gas parameters, and the cooling system is adjusted according to the predicted values to achieve the goal of stable cooling output. After comparison, the ELM algorithm has a fast learning speed, good generalization performance, and small test set error sum, so it is selected as the final optimal prediction algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and New Technologies of Waste Heat Recovery)
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27 pages, 4786 KiB  
Article
Electricity Generation from Low and Medium Temperature Industrial Excess Heat in the Kraft Pulp and Paper Industry
by Igor Cruz, Magnus Wallén, Elin Svensson and Simon Harvey
Energies 2021, 14(24), 8499; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248499 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2683
Abstract
The recovery and utilisation of industrial excess heat has been identified as an important contribution for energy efficiency by reducing primary energy demand. Previous works, based on top-down studies for a few sectors, or regional case studies estimated the overall availability of industrial [...] Read more.
The recovery and utilisation of industrial excess heat has been identified as an important contribution for energy efficiency by reducing primary energy demand. Previous works, based on top-down studies for a few sectors, or regional case studies estimated the overall availability of industrial excess heat. A more detailed analysis is required to allow the estimation of potentials for specific heat recovery technologies, particularly regarding excess heat temperature profiles. This work combines process integration methods and regression analysis to obtain cogeneration targets, detailed excess heat temperature profiles and estimations of electricity generation potentials from low and medium temperature excess heat. The work is based on the use of excess heat temperature (XHT) signatures for individual sites and regression analysis using publicly available data, obtaining estimations of the technical potential for electricity generation from low and medium temperature excess heat (60–140 °C) for the whole Swedish kraft pulp and paper industry. The results show a technical potential to increase the electricity production at kraft mills in Sweden by 10 to 13%, depending on the level of process integration considered, and a lower availability of excess heat than previously estimated in studies for the sector. The approach used could be adapted and applied in other sectors and regions, increasing the level of detail at which industrial excess heat estimations are obtained when compared to previous studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and New Technologies of Waste Heat Recovery)
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Review

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22 pages, 1299 KiB  
Review
Waste Heat Recovery Technologies Revisited with Emphasis on New Solutions, Including Heat Pipes, and Case Studies
by Paul Christodoulides, Rafaela Agathokleous, Lazaros Aresti, Soteris A. Kalogirou, Savvas A. Tassou and Georgios A. Florides
Energies 2022, 15(1), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010384 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4954
Abstract
Industrial processes are characterized by energy losses, such as heat streams rejected to the environment in the form of exhaust gases or effluents occurring at different temperature levels. Hence, waste heat recovery (WHR) has been a challenge for industries, as it can lead [...] Read more.
Industrial processes are characterized by energy losses, such as heat streams rejected to the environment in the form of exhaust gases or effluents occurring at different temperature levels. Hence, waste heat recovery (WHR) has been a challenge for industries, as it can lead to energy savings, higher energy efficiency, and sustainability. As a consequence, WHR methods and technologies have been used extensively in the European Union (EU) (and worldwide for that matter). The current paper revisits and reviews conventional WHR technologies, their use in all types of industry, and their limitations. Special attention is given to alternative “new” technologies, which are discussed for parameters such as projected energy and cost savings. Finally, an extended review of case studies regarding applications of WHR technologies is presented. The information presented here can also be used to determine target energy performance, as well as capital and installation costs, for increasing the attractiveness of WHR technologies, leading to the widespread adoption by industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and New Technologies of Waste Heat Recovery)
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