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Energies
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Advanced Design and Control of Multiphase Machines
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Advanced Design and Control of Multiphase Machines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 11410

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zicheng Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: multiphase motor drive; fault-tolerant control; noise and vibration of motor systems; electromagnetic interference of motor drive
Dr. Jinlin Gong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: mutliphase permanent magnet machine design; fault-tolerant control
Dr. Xiaoqin Zheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266076, China
Interests: mutliphase permanent magnet machine analysis and control; fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of multiphase drive systems
Dr. Ngac Ky Nguyen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies – Campus de Lille Laboratoire d’Electrotechnique et d’Electronique de Puissance de Lille – L2EP, Lille, France
Interests: modeling and control of multiphase synchronous motors and power converters, fault-tolerant control, fault detection and localization for multiphase drives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Giampaolo Buticchi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of More Electric Aircraft Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315104, China
Interests: DC distribution systems and power electronics for the more electric aircraft; high performance electric drives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Advanced Design and Control of Multiphase Machines”. With increased phase numbers and abundant optimization dimensions, multiphase machines are gaining popularity in applications of ship propulsion, spacecrafts, aircrafts, electric vehicles, wind power generation, etc. Compared with traditional three-phase machines, multiphase machines can have higher fault-tolerant ability, lower electromagnetic interference, and improved degrees of control freedom. In both motor design and motor drive fields, there are emerging novel solutions to highlight the advantages brought by multiple phases.

This Special Issue will deal with the advanced design and control of multiphase machines. Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

  • Modelling and design of multiphase machines
  • Novel topologies and structures of multiphase converters
  • Advanced drive and control methods of multiphase machines
  • Novel pulse width modulation methods of multiphase converters
  • Electromagnetic compatibility technologies for multiphase drive systems
  • Noise and vibration of multiphase machines
  • Fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of multiphase drive systems
  • Condition monitoring and health management of multiphase machine systems
  • Artificial Intelligence applications in multiphase machine systems
  • Other related topics

Dr. Zicheng Liu
Dr. Jinlin Gong
Dr. Xiaoqin Zheng
Dr. Ngac Ky Nguyen
Prof. Dr. Giampaolo Buticchi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • multiphase machine
  • multiphase drive
  • multiphase converter
  • motor drive
  • pulse width modulation
  • electromagnetic compatibility
  • noise and vibration
  • fault diagnosis
  • health management
  • artificial intelligence

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3624 KiB  
Article
Improved Speed Extension for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators by Means of Winding Reconfiguration
by Xuanyi Zhou, Jiajun Yang, Giovanni Migliazza, Sandro Guenter, Shuo Wang, Chris Gerada and Giampaolo Buticchi
Energies 2023, 16(2), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020899 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1481
Abstract
With the increased development of electrical subsystems onboard modern transportation platforms, e.g., more electric aircrafts or more electric ships, the need for electric generation systems has increased. Since many motors require electric starting capability, the application of the starter/generator has been the focus [...] Read more.
With the increased development of electrical subsystems onboard modern transportation platforms, e.g., more electric aircrafts or more electric ships, the need for electric generation systems has increased. Since many motors require electric starting capability, the application of the starter/generator has been the focus of several studies. The peculiarity of such a system is its requirement for high torque at low speed (for the starting) as well as an extended operation range during the normal generation operations. This mismatch between maximum torque and speed comes at the expense of the power density of the electronic converter, which needs to be designed for the worst case situation and, due to the electric machine optimization, often requires field weakening operations. A new winding reconfiguration is proposed to achieve speed extension and provide more potentiality for high-speed applications. This work compares different power trains in terms of efficiency current stress for electric machines. Hardware-in-the-loop results are adopted to verify the practical implementation of the control systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Control of Multiphase Machines)
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19 pages, 7431 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Comparisons of Outer-Rotor Permanent Magnet Machines of Different Structures/Phases for In-Wheel Electrical Vehicle Application
by Jinlin Gong, Benteng Zhao, Youxi Huang, Eric Semail and Ngac Ky Nguyen
Energies 2022, 15(18), 6688; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186688 - 13 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2127
Abstract
As one of the key components, low-speed direct-drive in-wheel machines with high compact volume and high torque density are important for the traction system of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper introduces four different types of outer-rotor permanent magnet motors for EVs, including one [...] Read more.
As one of the key components, low-speed direct-drive in-wheel machines with high compact volume and high torque density are important for the traction system of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper introduces four different types of outer-rotor permanent magnet motors for EVs, including one five-phase SPM machine, one three-phase IPM machine with V-shaped PMs, one seven-phase axial flux machine (AFM) of sandwich structure and finally one hybrid flux (radial and axial) machine with a third rotor with V-shaped PMs added to the AFM. Firstly, the design criteria and basic operation principle are compared and discussed. Then, the key properties are analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The electromagnetic properties of the four fractional slot tooth concentrated winding in-wheel motors with similar dimensions are quantitatively compared, including air-gap flux density, electromotive force, field weakening capability, torque density, losses, and fault tolerant capability. The results show that the multi-phase motors have high torque density and high fault tolerance and are suitable for direct drive applications in EVs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Control of Multiphase Machines)
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14 pages, 7321 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Online Extraction Method of Slot Harmonics for Multiphase Induction Motor
by Jie Yu, Youjun Zhang, Hongyuan Shen and Xiaoqin Zheng
Energies 2022, 15(18), 6643; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186643 - 11 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1298
Abstract
The accurate extraction and analysis of slot harmonics caused by slotting in an induction motor are important for the motor’s performance evaluation and state monitoring. However, the frequency distribution of rotor slot harmonics (RSHs) varies along with the operating states of the motor, [...] Read more.
The accurate extraction and analysis of slot harmonics caused by slotting in an induction motor are important for the motor’s performance evaluation and state monitoring. However, the frequency distribution of rotor slot harmonics (RSHs) varies along with the operating states of the motor, such as motor speed and slip ratio, and the voltage and current signals of the motor only contain small-amplitude RSHs compared with other harmonics; both make it difficult to extract and analyze the RSHs accurately online. While offline extraction and filters with constant parameters are mainly utilized in available works, a novel adaptive extraction method for RSHs in a multiphase induction motor is proposed here to realize online RSH extraction under different speed and load conditions. In this paper, the RSHs in the multiphase induction motors are firstly modeled by using the magnetic potential permeability method, and the influence of a skewed rotor on RSHs is analyzed through a multisection method. Then, an adaptive extraction method of RSHs is proposed, which can effectively realize the online processing of RSHs of stator current. Finally, the experimental platform of a nine-phase induction motor has been used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method under different speeds and load conditions, with a relative error of less than 1% in identifying the RSH frequency distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Control of Multiphase Machines)
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14 pages, 6930 KiB  
Article
An Improved PLL-Based Speed Estimation Method for Induction Motors through Harmonic Separation
by Jie Yu, Youjun Zhang and Xiaoqin Zheng
Energies 2022, 15(18), 6626; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186626 - 10 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1277
Abstract
The real-time speed estimation of induction motors (IMs) is important for the motors’ state monitoring and control. The utilization of rotor slot harmonics (RSHs) due to the inherent cogging effect is regarded as a promising way to realize the speed estimation of IMs. [...] Read more.
The real-time speed estimation of induction motors (IMs) is important for the motors’ state monitoring and control. The utilization of rotor slot harmonics (RSHs) due to the inherent cogging effect is regarded as a promising way to realize the speed estimation of IMs. The key to the RSH-based speed estimation method is how to accurately and quickly identify the frequency of an RSH signal. However, as the RSH signal always consists of two side-frequency components that are adjacent to each other, it is actually improper to directly use the conventional phase-locked loop (PLL) method designed for single-frequency tracking. Furthermore, the form of the two side components in the frequency domain also leads to a significant amplitude fluctuation in the time-domain waveform of RSHs, thus resulting in the obvious frequency tracking errors of the conventional PLL method. In this paper, we proposed an improved PLL through harmonic separation to further improve the performance of the RSH-based speed estimation method of multiphase IMs, so that the dynamic tracking errors of PLL due to the reasons mentioned above can be significantly reduced. Simulations and experiments in a wide speed range were also performed, with their results presented as verifications of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Control of Multiphase Machines)
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15 pages, 5807 KiB  
Article
Improved PWM Methods to Reduce the Common Mode Voltage of the Five-Phase Open-Winding Drive Topology
by Pengye Wang, Zicheng Liu, Dong Jiang, Jie Tian and Peng Li
Energies 2022, 15(17), 6382; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176382 - 1 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1139
Abstract
With the phase angle and shape modifications for carriers, two improved carrier-based pulse width modulation (CPWM) methods with common-mode voltage (CMV) suppression effects for the five-phase open-winding drive topologies are introduced. Theoretical analysis reveals that, by employing reversed triangular carriers for two inverters [...] Read more.
With the phase angle and shape modifications for carriers, two improved carrier-based pulse width modulation (CPWM) methods with common-mode voltage (CMV) suppression effects for the five-phase open-winding drive topologies are introduced. Theoretical analysis reveals that, by employing reversed triangular carriers for two inverters under the carrier-reversed PWM (CRPWM), CMV contributions of two bridge legs belonging to the same phase can be cancelled, realizing the zero CMV effect. By dynamically employing positive and negative sawtooth carriers for all bridge legs under the carrier-switching PWM (CSPWM), the CMV contribution of each inverter can be reduced, decreasing both the amplitude and step frequency of the CMV. Current qualities and dead-time effects on CMV under the above PWM methods are analyzed. Moreover, performances of two PWM methods are verified by experiments implemented on a five-phase open-winding topology with the induction motor load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Control of Multiphase Machines)
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23 pages, 11049 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Analysis of Voltage Harmonic for Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped H-Bridge Inverter Considering Dead-Time
by Wen-Jie Wu, Liang-Deng Hu, Zi-Yue Xin and Cheng Guo
Energies 2022, 15(16), 5937; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15165937 - 16 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1589
Abstract
The advantages of three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) H-bridge inverters, such as simple topological structure, low device voltage stress, high equivalent switching frequency, and highly expansible capacity, have made them the preferred choice for inverters matching with medium voltage high-capacity multi-phase open-end winding vessel propulsion [...] Read more.
The advantages of three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) H-bridge inverters, such as simple topological structure, low device voltage stress, high equivalent switching frequency, and highly expansible capacity, have made them the preferred choice for inverters matching with medium voltage high-capacity multi-phase open-end winding vessel propulsion motors. To quantitatively evaluate the propulsion motors’ harmonics, electromagnetic vibration, and noise caused by pulse-width modulation (PWM) and device dead-time, it is necessary to research the mathematical modeling of pulse-width modulated output voltage harmonics in consideration of dead-time. In this paper, the principle of the phase-disposition PWM method of the 3L-NPC H-bridge inverters was firstly introduced. Then, the analytical models of output voltage harmonics with and without considering the effect of dead-time were established based on the double Fourier series approach and the harmonic distribution of the dead-time effect was accurately characterized. On the basis of the above, the experimental platform was established to verify the proposed analytical model. Simulation and experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis in low and high-frequency output voltage harmonics, which proves the correctness and the feasibility of the analytical modeling method researched by this paper. This will provide a theoretical basis for subsequent studies, which include the quantitative analysis and the suppression of output harmonics of the H-bridge inverter considering dead-time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Control of Multiphase Machines)
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15 pages, 5676 KiB  
Article
Current Sensor Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control for Nine-Phase PMSM Drives Based on Improved Axis Rotation
by Xudong Zhang, Xiaoming Liu and Xiaoqin Zheng
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4671; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134671 - 25 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1422
Abstract
Fault probability rises with an increase in the number of current sensors in multi-phase permanent synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. This paper proposes an improved axis rotation method for fault diagnosis and tolerant control to make the multi-phase PMSM drives against current sensor loss [...] Read more.
Fault probability rises with an increase in the number of current sensors in multi-phase permanent synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. This paper proposes an improved axis rotation method for fault diagnosis and tolerant control to make the multi-phase PMSM drives against current sensor loss signal and gain faults. This method can effectively diagnose and distinguish faults without selecting a threshold value, and the degree of fault can be further estimated. The proposed method makes current sensor fault diagnosis and tolerant control become an integrated module. The validity and accuracy of the proposed method is verified by different fault diagnoses and tolerant control experiments of a 9 kw nine-phase PMSM drive. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Control of Multiphase Machines)
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