Energies

Research

15 pages, 5361 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electromagnetic Performance Analysis of Dual-Three-Phase Dual-Rotor Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines

by Yizhi Chen, Guishu Zhao, Zhengliang Li, Zhe Chang, Shuye Ding and Yuheng Zhou

Energies 2024, 17(9), 2102; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17092102 - 28 Apr 2024

Viewed by 279

In this paper, a novel dual-three-phase dual-rotor flux-switching permanent magnet (PM) (DRFSPM) machine, building upon conventional FSPM machines, is proposed, where the stator is equipped with dual PMs and dual armature windings, enabling it to operate in various working modes and provide fault [...] Read more.

In this paper, a novel dual-three-phase dual-rotor flux-switching permanent magnet (PM) (DRFSPM) machine, building upon conventional FSPM machines, is proposed, where the stator is equipped with dual PMs and dual armature windings, enabling it to operate in various working modes and provide fault tolerance in the event of PM or armature winding faults. Depending on the magnetization directions of the PMs, the proposed DRFSPM machine’s structure can be categorized as 6N-DRFSPM or NS-DRFSPM. In order to assess the electromagnetic performance of the proposed DRFSPM machines with two different magnetizing modes, the topology and operating principle of the two DRFSPM machines are introduced first. Then, the no-load air-gap flux density of the two proposed machines is investigated for a more optimized and purposeful design. Finally, a comparison of the electromagnetic performance between the two proposed DRFSPM machines is conducted by finite-element analysis (FEA), and the FEA-predicted results indicate that the proposed 6N-DRFSPM machine outperforms the NS-DRFSPM machine, as it exhibits a larger back-EMF and average torque and a smaller cogging torque and torque ripple. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Permanent Magnet Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1219 KiB

Open AccessArticle

FPGA-Based Speed Control Strategy of PMSM Using Improved Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm

by Caiyun Wu, Kai Zhang and Xin Zhang

Energies 2024, 17(8), 1870; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17081870 - 14 Apr 2024

Viewed by 422

Abstract

To improve performance in terms of overshoot and motor response speed when a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a proportional–integral (PI) controller is subjected to external disturbances, this paper proposes a speed control strategy based on an enhanced Beetle Antennae Search algorithm, which [...] Read more.

To improve performance in terms of overshoot and motor response speed when a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a proportional–integral (PI) controller is subjected to external disturbances, this paper proposes a speed control strategy based on an enhanced Beetle Antennae Search algorithm, which allows for adjustable parameters of the PI controller within a certain range. Firstly, to enhance the global and local search capabilities of each individual beetle, the step size was improved by linearly decreasing it. Secondly, a simulation model of a PMSM closed-loop control system was built to verify the effectiveness of the improved Beetle Antennae Search (BAS) algorithm. Finally, a linear feedback shift register model that generates four random numbers was developed on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The improved BAS algorithm for the PMSM control system was implemented on an FPGA using the Verilog hardware description language, and the feasibility of the system was verified through hardware simulation. Additionally, the hardware resource consumption on different FPGA platforms was analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed new speed control strategy can reduce the overshoot and improve the motor response speed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Permanent Magnet Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 12466 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electromagnetic Vibration Analysis of Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Linear Submersible Motor for Oil Production

by Mei Zhao, Yihao Li, Sicheng Zuo, Pingpeng Tang, Tong Yao, Huaqiang Zhang and Shunjie Wu

Energies 2023, 16(23), 7911; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16237911 - 04 Dec 2023

Viewed by 658

Abstract

A transverse flux linear motor is a special type of linear motor with a high thrust force density, and it has broad application prospects in the field of linear direct-drive systems. In the process of oil production, the vibration of the linear motor [...] Read more.

A transverse flux linear motor is a special type of linear motor with a high thrust force density, and it has broad application prospects in the field of linear direct-drive systems. In the process of oil production, the vibration of the linear motor poses a significant amount of harm to the system due to its special slender structure. This paper focuses on the electromagnetic vibration of a transverse flux permanent magnet linear submersible motor (TFPMLSM). Firstly, the no-load air gap flux density is calculated based on the field modulation principle. Secondly, the radial electromagnetic force (REF) of the TFPMLSM is calculated, and the finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the time-space and spectral characteristics of the REF. Then, the influence of secondary eccentricity on the frequency spectrum of the REF is further concluded. Finally, the natural frequencies of each vibration mode are calculated using the modal superposition method and the influence of the REF on the motor vibration is obtained through magnetic-structural coupling analysis. The research results found that the motor does not cause resonance at low speeds, and the fundamental frequency of REF has the greatest impact on electromagnetic vibration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Permanent Magnet Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 2813 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Power Density Increase in Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Considering Active Thermal Control

by Christian Monissen, Oliver Kusche, Michael Schröder and Jakob Andert

Energies 2023, 16(21), 7369; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217369 - 31 Oct 2023

Viewed by 806

Abstract

The power density of electric machines for future battery electric vehicles must be further increased to improve customer benefits. To this end, this paper compares two state-of-the art electrical traction machines and evaluates the potential for increasing the power density using a third, [...] Read more.

The power density of electric machines for future battery electric vehicles must be further increased to improve customer benefits. To this end, this paper compares two state-of-the art electrical traction machines and evaluates the potential for increasing the power density using a third, novel high-speed machine design. The analysis is performed using an electromagnetic finite element analysis, a thermal network with lumped parameters, and a coupled electromagnetic–thermal simulation. The simulations of the three machines evaluate the potential for increasing the power density and overload margins, as well as reducing material consumption. With regard to the active thermal control, the new design aims for reduced thermal capacities and increased loss density to optimize the thermal controllablity and overall performance. The thermal active control is analyzed in thermal transient simulations and electromagnetic simulations with different magnet temperatures. The results show that higher magnet temperatures benefit efficiency and reduce losses for low torque at high speeds. However, a colder magnet is needed for maximum torque at base speed. A maximum loss reduction of 24% is achieved with a 100 °C magnet-temperature difference at maximum speed and low torque. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Permanent Magnet Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 7319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

End Effect Equivalence in the 2-D Finite Element Analysis of a Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Hybrid Solid Rotor

by Bo Yan, Xianglin Li, Yue Sun and Yingjie Tan

Energies 2023, 16(19), 6766; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16196766 - 22 Sep 2023

Viewed by 699

Abstract

Reasonable end effect equivalence is of vital importance in the 2-D finite element analysis (FEA) for a line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM) equipped with a hybrid solid rotor for improved starting and synchronous capabilities. In this work, a series of correction factors [...] Read more.

Reasonable end effect equivalence is of vital importance in the 2-D finite element analysis (FEA) for a line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM) equipped with a hybrid solid rotor for improved starting and synchronous capabilities. In this work, a series of correction factors are applied to the rotor conductivity to include the end effect in the 2-D FEA model. Derivation of these correction factors completes after the separation of different torque components. A dynamic motor model of the LSPMSM is established with some parameters extracted from the 2-D FEA using the conductivity correction. Outcomes of this model exhibit good agreements with the 3-D FEA results, by which the introduced correction factors are validated to possess the acceptable precision and effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Permanent Magnet Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 13582 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Demagnetization Modeling and Analysis for a Six-Phase Surface-Mounted Field-Modulated Permanent-Magnet Machine Based on Equivalent Magnetic Network

by Xianglin Li, Yingjie Tan, Bo Yan, Yujian Zhao and Hao Wang

Energies 2023, 16(16), 6099; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16166099 - 21 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1001

Abstract

Based on the magnetic gear effect, the field-modulated permanent-magnet machine (FMPMM) can realize the unequal pole design of the rotor PM field and the stator armature magnetic field. With the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency, the FMPMM has been widely [...] Read more.

Based on the magnetic gear effect, the field-modulated permanent-magnet machine (FMPMM) can realize the unequal pole design of the rotor PM field and the stator armature magnetic field. With the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency, the FMPMM has been widely studied in low-speed direct-drive applications. As a kind of machine excited by PMs, the performance of the FMPMM was affected by the demagnetization state. However, the method for establishing the FMPMM demagnetization model based on a finite element analysis (FEA) presented some problems, including tedious repeated modeling work and long calculation time-consuming under fine subdivision. Therefore, in this paper, a six-phase surface-mounted FMPMM was taken as an example, and an equivalent magnetic network (EMN) model was proposed for evaluating the machine performance under demagnetization. In order to realize the rapid establishing EMN models under diverse demagnetization types, the variable coercivity of PM was introduced. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving the calculation accuracy and shortening the calculation time, the least square method was used in fitting and analyzing the discrete results. Then, in order to verify the validity of the proposed EMN model, a prototype was fabricated and a testing platform was built. The air-gap flux density and the no-load back EMF obtained by the FEA, the proposed EMN model, and the experimental testing were compared. The results showed that the proposed EMN model can realize the rapid modeling and accurate analysis of the six-phase surface-mounted FMPMM under diverse demagnetization types. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Permanent Magnet Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 4842 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Optimization of Linear Permanent Magnet Vernier Generator for Direct Drive Wave Energy Converter

by Mei Zhao, Zhiquan Kong, Pingpeng Tang, Zhentao Zhang, Guodong Yu, Huaqiang Zhang, Yongxiang Xu and Jibin Zou

Energies 2023, 16(7), 3164; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073164 - 31 Mar 2023

Viewed by 975

Abstract

A novel linear permanent magnet vernier generator (LPMVG) for small-power off-grid wave power generation systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, in order to reduce the cogging force and the inherent edge effect of the linear generator, a staggered tooth modular structure is [...] Read more.

A novel linear permanent magnet vernier generator (LPMVG) for small-power off-grid wave power generation systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, in order to reduce the cogging force and the inherent edge effect of the linear generator, a staggered tooth modular structure is proposed. Secondly, in order to improve the output power and efficiency of the LPMVG and reduce the fluctuation coefficient of electromagnetic force, the relationship between the parameters of the generator is studied, and a method combining multi-objective optimization and single parameter scanning based on the response surface model and particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal structural parameters of the generator. Thirdly, the output power and efficiency of the optimized generator are calculated and analyzed based on the two-dimensional finite element method, and the effectiveness of the multi-objective optimization design method based on the response surface model and particle swarm optimization algorithm is verified. Finally, a prototype is developed, and the calculated results and the measured results are shown to be in good agreement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Permanent Magnet Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 15102 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on High-Torque-Density Design for Axial Modular Flux-Reversal Permanent Magnet Machine

by Shan Lin, Lanchao Chang, Peng Su, Yongjian Li, Wei Hua and Yi Shen

Energies 2023, 16(4), 1691; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041691 - 08 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1099

Abstract

The traditional flux reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machine has high torque ripple due to the double salient-pole structure, and the effective air-gap length is increased by the permanent magnet structure of the stator tooth surface, which affects the size of the air-gap magnetomotive [...] Read more.

The traditional flux reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machine has high torque ripple due to the double salient-pole structure, and the effective air-gap length is increased by the permanent magnet structure of the stator tooth surface, which affects the size of the air-gap magnetomotive force (MMF). This paper proposes an axial modular flux-reversal permanent magnet (AM-FRPM) machine with attractive torque capabilities. Based on air-gap magnetic field modulation theory, a method to achieve optimal air-gap harmonic torque contributions was developed. Then, the principle for high-torque-density generation in the AM-FRPM machine under an alternating magnetization topology was investigated using the PM magnetic field modulation and armature reaction magnetic field modulation. In addition, the cogging torque suppression mechanism, which guides the selection of stator-slot and rotor-pole combinations, was investigated. In addition, a comprehensive comparison of the electromagnetic characteristics of two AM-FRPM machines and a traditional FRPM machine was conducted. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of the three machines were analyzed. Finally, prototypes were manufactured and tested to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Permanent Magnet Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 6443 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electromagnetic Torque Analysis and Structure Optimization of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Air-Gap Eccentricity

by Jing Wang and Yubin Wang

Energies 2023, 16(4), 1665; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041665 - 07 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1532

Abstract

Interior permanent magnet synchronous machine with air-gap eccentricity (AGE-IPMSM) has the advantages of low torque ripple and low noise. However, air-gap eccentricity will lower the power density of the machine to a certain extent. In this paper, an 18-slot/8-pole interior permanent magnet synchronous [...] Read more.

Interior permanent magnet synchronous machine with air-gap eccentricity (AGE-IPMSM) has the advantages of low torque ripple and low noise. However, air-gap eccentricity will lower the power density of the machine to a certain extent. In this paper, an 18-slot/8-pole interior permanent magnet synchronous machine with air-gap eccentricity is taken as the research object. According to the magnetic circuit method, the no-load and load air-gap magnetic field analytical models are calculated, respectively. Then, by Maxwell’s tensor method, the variation law of radial and tangential air-gap magnetic density harmonic amplitudes and phase angle difference cosine values are analyzed, and it is concluded that the electromagnetic torque can be improved by increasing phase angle difference cosine values of the magnetic density harmonic, which produces the driving torque after eccentricity. On this basis, in order to improve the output characteristics of the machine, the eccentricity and the angle between the V-type permanent magnets are optimized with the total harmonic distortion (THD), electromagnetic torque, and torque ripple as the optimization goals, and then the optimal structure size parameters of the machine are finally determined. Finally, a prototype is manufactured on the basis of the optimal parameters, and the experimental results of the prototype verify the validity and correctness of the theoretical analysis and finite element analysis (FEA). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Permanent Magnet Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Analysis and Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Permanent Magnet Machines

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (9 papers)

Research

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI