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Cells
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Niche and Tissue Homeostasis: Applications to Organoids
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Niche and Tissue Homeostasis: Applications to Organoids

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Stem Cells".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 20926

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Christian Jorgensen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Interests: MSC; immunotherapies; Treg; EV; biotherapies; 3D bioprinting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stem cell interactions with differentiated cells, endothelial cells and immune cells are critical in the context of tissue regeneration. Understanding the stem cell niche, as well as cell organisation and migration, is mandatory to the development of new strategies for tissue repair. In this Special Issue, we aim to present studies that use the example of organoids in the modelling of tissue repair. Morever, we aim to present studies on the mode of cell comunication (growth factor release, enzymatic activity, organelle transfer, nanotunelling and modulation of cell metabolism). Finally, we aim to present studies on translational tissue regeneration applications (including in vivo models and clinical trials).

Dr. Christian Jorgensen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • stromal tissue
  • tissue engineering
  • organoids
  • cell migration
  • cell metabolism
  • nanotunneling
  • regeneration
  • senscence

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1609 KiB  
Article
Statistical Mechanics of Non-Muscle Myosin IIA in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Seeded in a Collagen Scaffold: A Thermodynamic Near-Equilibrium Linear System Modified by the Tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)
by Yves Lecarpentier, Vincent Kindler, Xénophon Krokidis, Marie-Luce Bochaton-Piallat, Victor Claes, Jean-Louis Hébert, Alexandre Vallée and Olivier Schussler
Cells 2020, 9(6), 1510; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061510 - 21 Jun 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2258
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were obtained from human bone marrow and amplified in cultures supplemented with human platelet lysate. Once semi-confluent, cells were seeded in solid collagen scaffolds that were rapidly colonized by the cells generating a 3D cell scaffold. Here, they acquired [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were obtained from human bone marrow and amplified in cultures supplemented with human platelet lysate. Once semi-confluent, cells were seeded in solid collagen scaffolds that were rapidly colonized by the cells generating a 3D cell scaffold. Here, they acquired a myofibroblast phenotype and when exposed to appropriate chemical stimulus, developed tension and cell shortening, similar to those of striated and smooth muscle cells. Myofibroblasts contained a molecular motor—the non-muscle myosin type IIA (NMMIIA) whose crossbridge (CB) kinetics are dramatically slow compared with striated and smooth muscle myosins. Huxley’s equations were used to determine the molecular mechanical properties of NMMIIA. Thank to the great number of NMMIIA molecules, we determined the statistical mechanics (SM) of MSCs, using the grand canonical ensemble which made it possible to calculate various thermodynamic entities such as the chemical affinity, statistical entropy, internal energy, thermodynamic flow, thermodynamic force, and entropy production rate. The linear relationship observed between the thermodynamic force and the thermodynamic flow allowed to establish that MSC-laden in collagen scaffolds were in a near-equilibrium stationary state (affinity ≪ RT), MSCs were also seeded in solid collagen scaffolds functionalized with the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). This induced major changes in NMMIIA SM particularly by increasing the rate of entropy production. In conclusion, collagen scaffolds laden with MSCs can be viewed as a non-muscle contractile bioengineered tissue operating in a near-equilibrium linear regime, whose SM could be substantially modified by the RGD peptide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Niche and Tissue Homeostasis: Applications to Organoids)
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Review

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11 pages, 1460 KiB  
Review
Modeling Gastrointestinal Diseases Using Organoids to Understand Healing and Regenerative Processes
by Alexane Ollivier, Maxime M. Mahe and Géraldine Guasch
Cells 2021, 10(6), 1331; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061331 - 27 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4083
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a continuous series of organs from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, intestine and anus that allows digestion to occur. These organs are frequently associated with chronic stress and injury during life, subjecting these tissues to frequent regeneration and [...] Read more.
The gastrointestinal tract is a continuous series of organs from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, intestine and anus that allows digestion to occur. These organs are frequently associated with chronic stress and injury during life, subjecting these tissues to frequent regeneration and to the risk of developing disease-associated cancers. The possibility of generating human 3D culture systems, named organoids, that resemble histologically and functionally specific organs, has opened up potential applications in the analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in epithelial wound healing and regenerative therapy. Here, we review how during normal development homeostasis takes place, and the role of the microenvironmental niche cells in the intestinal stem cell crypt as an example. Then, we introduce the notion of a perturbed niche during disease conditions affecting the esophageal–stomach junction and the colon, and describe the potential applications of organoid models in the analysis of human gastrointestinal disease mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the perspectives of organoid-based regenerative therapy to improve the repair of the epithelial barrier. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Niche and Tissue Homeostasis: Applications to Organoids)
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8 pages, 609 KiB  
Review
In Vitro Human Joint Models Combining Advanced 3D Cell Culture and Cutting-Edge 3D Bioprinting Technologies
by Christian Jorgensen and Matthieu Simon
Cells 2021, 10(3), 596; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10030596 - 08 Mar 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3959
Abstract
Joint-on-a-chip is a new technology able to replicate the joint functions into microscale systems close to pathophysiological conditions. Recent advances in 3D printing techniques allow the precise control of the architecture of the cellular compartments (including chondrocytes, stromal cells, osteocytes and synoviocytes). These [...] Read more.
Joint-on-a-chip is a new technology able to replicate the joint functions into microscale systems close to pathophysiological conditions. Recent advances in 3D printing techniques allow the precise control of the architecture of the cellular compartments (including chondrocytes, stromal cells, osteocytes and synoviocytes). These tools integrate fluid circulation, the delivery of growth factors, physical stimulation including oxygen level, external pressure, and mobility. All of these structures must be able to mimic the specific functions of the diarthrodial joint: mobility, biomechanical aspects and cellular interactions. All the elements must be grouped together in space and reorganized in a manner close to the joint organ. This will allow the study of rheumatic disease physiopathology, the development of biomarkers and the screening of new drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Niche and Tissue Homeostasis: Applications to Organoids)
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23 pages, 1605 KiB  
Review
Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties and Regulation of the Intestinal Stem Cells: When Mechanics Control Fate
by Lauriane Onfroy-Roy, Dimitri Hamel, Julie Foncy, Laurent Malaquin and Audrey Ferrand
Cells 2020, 9(12), 2629; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9122629 - 07 Dec 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 9880
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are crucial players in colon epithelium physiology. The accurate control of their auto-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capacities provides a constant flow of regeneration, maintaining the epithelial intestinal barrier integrity. Under stress conditions, colon epithelium homeostasis in disrupted, evolving towards [...] Read more.
Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are crucial players in colon epithelium physiology. The accurate control of their auto-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capacities provides a constant flow of regeneration, maintaining the epithelial intestinal barrier integrity. Under stress conditions, colon epithelium homeostasis in disrupted, evolving towards pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer. A specific environment, namely the ISC niche constituted by the surrounding mesenchymal stem cells, the factors they secrete and the extracellular matrix (ECM), tightly controls ISC homeostasis. Colon ECM exerts physical constraint on the enclosed stem cells through peculiar topography, stiffness and deformability. However, little is known on the molecular and cellular events involved in ECM regulation of the ISC phenotype and fate. To address this question, combining accurately reproduced colon ECM mechanical parameters to primary ISC cultures such as organoids is an appropriated approach. Here, we review colon ECM physical properties at physiological and pathological states and their bioengineered in vitro reproduction applications to ISC studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Niche and Tissue Homeostasis: Applications to Organoids)
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