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Cells
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Cellular and Molecular Biology of NF-κB
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Cellular and Molecular Biology of NF-κB

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2016) | Viewed by 105491

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ruaidhri Carmody

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
Interests: NF-kappaB; ubiquitination; phosphorylation; transcriptomics; inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays an essential role in regulating inducible transcriptional responses in key physiological processes, including cell proliferation and survival, cellular differentiation, and the immune response. The importance of NF-κB in these processes is reflected in the target genes under its direct control, which include cytokines, chemokines, regulators of antigen presentation and cell adhesion, and regulators of cell death and proliferation. Its role in regulating inducible transcription in the immune system has earned NF-κB the title of master regulator of the immune response, but an important role for NF-κB has also been identified in the development and progression of cancer where it often found to be constitutively active. Historically, most studies of NF-κB have focused on the mechanisms that lead to activation, providing a wealth of mechanistic detail, however, more recently, studies have brought attention to the mechanisms directly regulating NF-κB transcriptional activity in the nucleus. This Special Issue offers an open access forum to gather original review articles addressing all aspects of NF-κB cellular and molecular biology. We welcome contributions that cover the fundamental mechanisms controlling NF-κB activation and transcriptional activity, as well as the role of NF-κB in health and disease.

Dr. Ruaidhri Carmody
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • NF-κB
  • signal transduction
  • transcription
  • post-translational modification
  • inflammation
  • cancer

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Review

1810 KiB  
Review
The Ubiquitination of NF-κB Subunits in the Control of Transcription
by Patricia E. Collins, Izaskun Mitxitorena and Ruaidhrí J. Carmody
Cells 2016, 5(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells5020023 - 12 May 2016
Cited by 73 | Viewed by 11337
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB has evolved as a latent, inducible family of transcription factors fundamental in the control of the inflammatory response. The transcription of hundreds of genes involved in inflammation and immune homeostasis require NF-κB, necessitating the need for its strict control. The [...] Read more.
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB has evolved as a latent, inducible family of transcription factors fundamental in the control of the inflammatory response. The transcription of hundreds of genes involved in inflammation and immune homeostasis require NF-κB, necessitating the need for its strict control. The inducible ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the cytoplasmic inhibitor of κB (IκB) proteins promotes the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. More recently, an additional role for ubiquitination in the regulation of NF-κB activity has been identified. In this case, the ubiquitination and degradation of the NF-κB subunits themselves plays a critical role in the termination of NF-κB activity and the associated transcriptional response. While there is still much to discover, a number of NF-κB ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases have now been identified which coordinate to regulate the NF-κB transcriptional response. This review will focus the regulation of NF-κB subunits by ubiquitination, the key regulatory components and their impact on NF-κB directed transcription. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Biology of NF-κB)
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894 KiB  
Review
Post-Translational Modifications of RelB NF-κB Subunit and Associated Functions
by Véronique Baud and Davi Collares
Cells 2016, 5(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells5020022 - 04 May 2016
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 12240
Abstract
The family of NF-κB transcription factors plays a key role in diverse biological processes, such as inflammatory and immune responses, cell survival and tumor development. Beyond the classical NF-κB activation pathway, a second NF-κB pathway has more recently been uncovered, the so-called alternative [...] Read more.
The family of NF-κB transcription factors plays a key role in diverse biological processes, such as inflammatory and immune responses, cell survival and tumor development. Beyond the classical NF-κB activation pathway, a second NF-κB pathway has more recently been uncovered, the so-called alternative NF-κB activation pathway. It has been shown that this pathway mainly controls the activity of RelB, a member of the NF-κB family. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation, have recently emerged as a strategy for the fine-tuned regulation of NF-κB. Our review discusses recent progress in the understanding of RelB regulation by post-translational modifications and the associated functions in normal and pathological conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Biology of NF-κB)
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Figure 1

1086 KiB  
Review
The NF-κB Pathway and Cancer Stem Cells
by Amanda L. Rinkenbaugh and Albert S. Baldwin
Cells 2016, 5(2), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells5020016 - 06 Apr 2016
Cited by 203 | Viewed by 18090
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor pathway is a crucial regulator of inflammation and immune responses. Additionally, aberrant NF-κB signaling has been identified in many types of cancer. Downstream of key oncogenic pathways, such as RAS, BCR-ABL, and Her2, NF-κB regulates transcription of target genes [...] Read more.
The NF-κB transcription factor pathway is a crucial regulator of inflammation and immune responses. Additionally, aberrant NF-κB signaling has been identified in many types of cancer. Downstream of key oncogenic pathways, such as RAS, BCR-ABL, and Her2, NF-κB regulates transcription of target genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and mediate invasion and metastasis. The cancer stem cell model posits that a subset of tumor cells (cancer stem cells) drive tumor initiation, exhibit resistance to treatment, and promote recurrence and metastasis. This review examines the evidence for a role for NF-κB signaling in cancer stem cell biology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Biology of NF-κB)
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Figure 1

1171 KiB  
Review
Roles of NF-κB in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases and Their Therapeutic Approaches
by Mi Hee Park and Jin Tae Hong
Cells 2016, 5(2), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells5020015 - 29 Mar 2016
Cited by 459 | Viewed by 20769
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune response, inflammation, cell growth and survival, and development. NF-κB is critical for human health, and aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to development of various autoimmune, inflammatory [...] Read more.
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune response, inflammation, cell growth and survival, and development. NF-κB is critical for human health, and aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to development of various autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis and malignant tumors. Thus, inhibiting NF-κB signaling has potential therapeutic applications in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Biology of NF-κB)
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Figure 1

843 KiB  
Review
Regulation of the Adaptive Immune Response by the IκB Family Protein Bcl-3
by Felicity D. Herrington and Robert J. B. Nibbs
Cells 2016, 5(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells5020014 - 24 Mar 2016
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 11057
Abstract
Bcl-3 is a member of the IκB family of proteins and an important regulator of Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB activity. The ability of Bcl-3 to bind and regulate specific NF-κB dimers has been studied in great depth, but its physiological roles in vivo are [...] Read more.
Bcl-3 is a member of the IκB family of proteins and an important regulator of Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB activity. The ability of Bcl-3 to bind and regulate specific NF-κB dimers has been studied in great depth, but its physiological roles in vivo are still not fully understood. It is, however, becoming clear that Bcl-3 is essential for the proper development, survival and activity of adaptive immune cells. Bcl-3 dysregulation can be observed in a number of autoimmune pathologies, and Bcl3-deficient animals are more susceptible to bacterial and parasitic infection. This review will describe our current understanding of the roles played by Bcl-3 in the development and regulation of the adaptive immune response, including lymphoid organogenesis, immune tolerance, lymphocyte function and dendritic cell biology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Biology of NF-κB)
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Figure 1

626 KiB  
Review
The Regulation of NF-κB Subunits by Phosphorylation
by Frank Christian, Emma L. Smith and Ruaidhrí J. Carmody
Cells 2016, 5(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells5010012 - 18 Mar 2016
Cited by 496 | Viewed by 23240
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor is the master regulator of the inflammatory response and is essential for the homeostasis of the immune system. NF-κB regulates the transcription of genes that control inflammation, immune cell development, cell cycle, proliferation, and cell death. The fundamental role [...] Read more.
The NF-κB transcription factor is the master regulator of the inflammatory response and is essential for the homeostasis of the immune system. NF-κB regulates the transcription of genes that control inflammation, immune cell development, cell cycle, proliferation, and cell death. The fundamental role that NF-κB plays in key physiological processes makes it an important factor in determining health and disease. The importance of NF-κB in tissue homeostasis and immunity has frustrated therapeutic approaches aimed at inhibiting NF-κB activation. However, significant research efforts have revealed the crucial contribution of NF-κB phosphorylation to controlling NF-κB directed transactivation. Importantly, NF-κB phosphorylation controls transcription in a gene-specific manner, offering new opportunities to selectively target NF-κB for therapeutic benefit. This review will focus on the phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunits and the impact on NF-κB function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Biology of NF-κB)
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Figure 1

562 KiB  
Review
Hypoxia Induced NF-κB
by Laura D’Ignazio and Sonia Rocha
Cells 2016, 5(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells5010010 - 08 Mar 2016
Cited by 105 | Viewed by 8745
Abstract
As Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) is a major transcription factor responding to cellular stress, it is perhaps not surprising that is activated by hypoxia, or decreased oxygen availability. However, how NF-κB becomes activated in hypoxia is still not completely understood. Several mechanisms have been [...] Read more.
As Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) is a major transcription factor responding to cellular stress, it is perhaps not surprising that is activated by hypoxia, or decreased oxygen availability. However, how NF-κB becomes activated in hypoxia is still not completely understood. Several mechanisms have been proposed and this review will focus on the main findings highlighting the molecules that have been identified in the process of hypoxia induced NF-κB. In addition, we will discuss the role of NF-κB in the control of the cellular response to hypoxia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Biology of NF-κB)
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