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Cells
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3D Printing in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
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3D Printing in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Tissues and Organs".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 9933

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Günter Finkenzeller

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Guest Editor
Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Interests: tissue engineering; 3D-bioprinting; mesenchymal stem cells; angiogenesis; cell therapy; regenerative medicine; cell signaling; bone healing; gene expression
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Bernd Rolauffs

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center ‐ Albert‐Ludwigs‐University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert‐Ludwigs‐University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Interests: cartilage; chondrocyte; degeneration; cell therapy; early diagnosis; spatial organization; biomechanics; mechanobiology; cell morphology; biophysical stimuli
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bone defects that are not able to heal on their own, due to their size or previous illnesses, are often clinically treated by autologous bone grafts. However, these transplants are severely limited in size and harvesting is associated with the generation of lifting defects. Because of this, the research area of bone tissue engineering remains of great interest.

In classical tissue engineering applications, suitable scaffold materials are randomly seeded with bone-forming cells and optional with additional cell types. This approach leads to an uncontrollable distribution of these cells within the scaffold.

3D bioprinting can be seen as a further development of the classic tissue engineering concept and enables the placement of different cell types in a 3-dimensional environment with very high spatial resolution. For the first time, this opens up the possibility of producing complex tissues, such as bone tissue, with much more similarity to native tissue.

This Special Issue will focus on the use of the 3D bioprinting technique for the production of artificial bone replacement tissues and invites original research articles as well as reviews on recent advances in this exciting research field.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Organoids.

Prof. Dr. Günter Finkenzeller
Prof. Dr. Bernd Rolauffs
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bone
  • tissue engineering
  • bioprinting
  • bioink
  • hydrogel
  • osteoblast
  • mesenchymal stem cell
  • phenotype control
  • cell-instructive materials

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 5418 KiB  
Article
A Drop-on-Demand Bioprinting Approach to Spatially Arrange Multiple Cell Types and Monitor Their Cell-Cell Interactions towards Vascularization Based on Endothelial Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
by Joshua Weygant, Fritz Koch, Katrin Adam, Kevin Tröndle, Roland Zengerle, Günter Finkenzeller, Sabrina Kartmann, Peter Koltay and Stefan Zimmermann
Cells 2023, 12(4), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12040646 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1892
Abstract
Spheroids, organoids, or cell-laden droplets are often used as building blocks for bioprinting, but so far little is known about the spatio-temporal cellular interactions subsequent to printing. We used a drop-on-demand bioprinting approach to study the biological interactions of such building blocks in [...] Read more.
Spheroids, organoids, or cell-laden droplets are often used as building blocks for bioprinting, but so far little is known about the spatio-temporal cellular interactions subsequent to printing. We used a drop-on-demand bioprinting approach to study the biological interactions of such building blocks in dimensions of micrometers. Highly-density droplets (approximately 700 cells in 10 nL) of multiple cell types were patterned in a 3D hydrogel matrix with a precision of up to 70 μm. The patterns were used to investigate interactions of endothelial cells (HUVECs) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), which are related to vascularization. We demonstrated that a gap of 200 μm between HUVEC and ASC aggregates led to decreased sprouting of HUVECs towards ASCs and increased growth from ASCs towards HUVECs. For mixed aggregates containing both cell types, cellular interconnections of ASCs with lengths of up to approximately 800 µm and inhibition of HUVEC sprouting were observed. When ASCs were differentiated into smooth muscle cells (dASCs), separate HUVEC aggregates displayed decreased sprouting towards dASCs, whereas no cellular interconnections nor inhibition of HUVEC sprouting were detected for mixed dASCs/HUVEC aggregates. These findings demonstrate that our approach could be applied to investigate cell–cell interactions of different cell types in 3D co-cultures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications)
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11 pages, 1886 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effect of Static Magnetic Fields and 3D-Printed Iron-Oxide-Nanoparticle-Containing Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
by Chuan-Yi Kao, Tsung-Li Lin, Yen-Hong Lin, Alvin Kai-Xing Lee, Sing Yee Ng, Tsui-Hsien Huang and Tuan-Ti Hsu
Cells 2022, 11(24), 3967; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11243967 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1289
Abstract
In scaffold-regulated bone regeneration, most three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds do not provide physical stimulation to stem cells. In this study, a magnetic scaffold was fabricated using fused deposition modeling with calcium silicate (CS), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4), and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) [...] Read more.
In scaffold-regulated bone regeneration, most three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds do not provide physical stimulation to stem cells. In this study, a magnetic scaffold was fabricated using fused deposition modeling with calcium silicate (CS), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4), and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) as the matrix for internal magnetic sources. A static magnetic field was used as an external magnetic source. It was observed that 5% Fe3O4 provided a favorable combination of compressive strength (9.6 ± 0.9 MPa) and degradation rate (21.6 ± 1.9% for four weeks). Furthermore, the Fe3O4-containing scaffold increased in vitro bioactivity and Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells’ (WJMSCs) adhesion. Moreover, it was shown that the Fe3O4-containing scaffold enhanced WJMSCs’ proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the osteogenic-related proteins of the scaffold. Under the synergistic effect of the static magnetic field, the CS scaffold containing Fe3O4 can not only enhance cell activity but also stimulate the simultaneous secretion of collagen I and osteocalcin. Overall, our results demonstrated that Fe3O4-containing CS/PCL scaffolds could be fabricated three dimensionally and combined with a static magnetic field to affect cell behaviors, potentially increasing the likelihood of clinical applications for bone tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications)
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12 pages, 4531 KiB  
Article
PPARδ Agonist Promotes Type II Cartilage Formation in a Rabbit Osteochondral Defect Model
by Ju-Yong Song, Jae-Suh Park, Joo-Hwan Kim, Joon-Ho Wang, Holly C. Heck, Bruce E. Heck, Dong-Hyun Kim and Keon-Hee Yoo
Cells 2022, 11(19), 2934; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11192934 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease accompanied by an inflammatory milieu that results in painful joints. The pathogenesis of OA is multifactorial, with genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and traumatic injury resulting in the direct or indirect loss of cartilage. The articular [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease accompanied by an inflammatory milieu that results in painful joints. The pathogenesis of OA is multifactorial, with genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and traumatic injury resulting in the direct or indirect loss of cartilage. The articular cartilage can also be damaged by direct focal traumatic injury. Articular cartilage provides a smooth, deformable bearing surface with a low coefficient of friction, increased contact area, and reduced contact stress. Articular type II hyaline cartilage lines the synovial joints and, when injured, has a limited ability for repair, except for the most superficial layers via diffusion from the synovial fluid, secondary to no blood supply, a complex structure, and a low metabolic rate. Restoring the articular surface can relieve pain and restore function. Although many strategies have been developed to regenerate type II collagen based on the extent of the lesion, surgical treatments are still evolving. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) agonist and collagen treatment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance the chondrogenic capacity in vitro. We present a novel technique for cartilage restoration in a rabbit cartilage osteochondral defect model using a PPARδ agonist (GW0742)-infused 3D collagen scaffold to induce type II cartilage from MSCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications)
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Review

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20 pages, 3887 KiB  
Review
Application of 3D Printing in Bone Grafts
by Adam Brachet, Aleksandra Bełżek, Daria Furtak, Zuzanna Geworgjan, Dawid Tulej, Kinga Kulczycka, Robert Karpiński, Marcin Maciejewski and Jacek Baj
Cells 2023, 12(6), 859; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12060859 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4162
Abstract
The application of 3D printing in bone grafts is gaining in importance and is becoming more and more popular. The choice of the method has a direct impact on the preparation of the patient for surgery, the probability of rejection of the transplant, [...] Read more.
The application of 3D printing in bone grafts is gaining in importance and is becoming more and more popular. The choice of the method has a direct impact on the preparation of the patient for surgery, the probability of rejection of the transplant, and many other complications. The aim of the article is to discuss methods of bone grafting and to compare these methods. This review of literature is based on a selective literature search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases from 2001 to 2022 using the search terms “bone graft”, “bone transplant”, and “3D printing”. In addition, we also reviewed non-medical literature related to materials used for 3D printing. There are several methods of bone grafting, such as a demineralized bone matrix, cancellous allograft, nonvascular cortical allograft, osteoarticular allograft, osteochondral allograft, vascularized allograft, and an autogenic transplant using a bone substitute. Currently, autogenous grafting, which involves removing the patient’s bone from an area of low aesthetic importance, is referred to as the gold standard. 3D printing enables using a variety of materials. 3D technology is being applied to bone tissue engineering much more often. It allows for the treatment of bone defects thanks to the creation of a porous scaffold with adequate mechanical strength and favorable macro- and microstructures. Bone tissue engineering is an innovative approach that can be used to repair multiple bone defects in the process of transplantation. In this process, biomaterials are a very important factor in supporting regenerative cells and the regeneration of tissue. We have years of research ahead of us; however, it is certain that 3D printing is the future of transplant medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications)
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