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C
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Carbon Based Electrochemical Devices
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Carbon Based Electrochemical Devices

A special issue of C (ISSN 2311-5629). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Materials and Carbon Allotropes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2021) | Viewed by 15175

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bruno C. Janegitz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratório de Sensores, Nanomedicina e Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo 13600-970, Brazil
Interests: graphene and 2D materials; carbon nanotubes; nanoelectronics; nanostructured electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleasured to announce a new project of C—Journal of Carbon Research, “Carbon-Based Electrochemical Devices”, which is dedicated to papers based on 0, 2D, and 3D conductive carbon nanostructure materials. In this context, we can highlight carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, carbon dots, carbon black, and nanodiamonds. Some electrodes have been modified within carbon nanomaterials for electroanalysis, such as pyrolytic carbon, doped diamond electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes, and screen-printed electrodes, which are welcome in this Issue. Proper attention will also be given to electrochemical sensors and biosensors in the preparation, characterization, and application using these materials in food, medical, environmental, pharmaceutical, and forensic areas. The reported manuscripts in this Special Issue will represent the frontier in electrochemical sensing and biosensing and can demonstrate future tendencies.

Manuscript submissions are encouraged but not limited to the following overarching areas:

  • Electrochemical sensors;
  • Electrochemical biosensors;
  • Genosensors;
  • Immunosensors;
  • Aptasensors;
  • Microfluidics devices.

Prof. Dr. Bruno C. Janegitz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. C is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemical sensors
  • electrochemical biosensors
  • genosensors
  • immunosensors
  • aptasensors
  • microfluidics devices

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2464 KiB  
Article
The Performance of Fibrous CDC Electrodes in Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Electrolytes
by Siret Malmberg, Mati Arulepp, Krista Laanemets, Maike Käärik, Ann Laheäär, Elvira Tarasova, Viktoria Vassiljeva, Illia Krasnou and Andres Krumme
C 2021, 7(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/c7020046 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2347
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of aqueous electrolytes on thin-layer (20 µm) nanoporous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) composite fibrous directly electrospun electrodes without further carbonisation. There have been previously investigated fibrous electrodes, which are produced by applying different [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of aqueous electrolytes on thin-layer (20 µm) nanoporous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) composite fibrous directly electrospun electrodes without further carbonisation. There have been previously investigated fibrous electrodes, which are produced by applying different post-treatment processes, however this makes the production of fibrous electrodes more expensive, complex and time consuming. Furthermore, in the present study high specific capacitance was achieved with directly electrospun nanoporous CDC-based fibrous electrodes in different neutral aqueous electrolytes. The benefit of fibrous electrodes is the advanced mechanical properties compared to the existing commercial electrode technologies based on pressure-rolled or slurry-cast powder mix electrodes. Such improved mechanical properties are preferred in more demanding applications, such as in the space industry. Electrospinning technology also allows for larger electrode production capacities without increased production costs. In addition to the influence of aqueous electrolyte chemical composition, the salt concentration effects and cycle stability with respect to organic electrolytes are investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements on electrospun electrodes showed the highest capacitance for asymmetrical cells with an aqueous 1 M NaNO3-H2O electrolyte. High CV capacitance was correlated with constant current charge–discharge (CC) data, for which a specific capacitance of 191 F g−1 for the positively charged electrode and 311 F g−1 for the negatively charged electrode was achieved. The investigation of electrolyte salt concentration on fibrous electrodes revealed the typical capacitance dependence on ionic conductivity with a peak capacitance at medium concentration levels. The cycle-life measurements of selected two-electrode test cells with aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes revealed good stability of the electrospun electrodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based Electrochemical Devices)
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17 pages, 4648 KiB  
Article
Design of Porous Carbons for Supercapacitor Applications for Different Organic Solvent-Electrolytes
by Joshua Bates, Foivos Markoulidis, Constantina Lekakou and Giuliano M. Laudone
C 2021, 7(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/c7010015 - 29 Jan 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3198
Abstract
The challenge of optimizing the pore size distribution of porous electrodes for different electrolytes is encountered in supercapacitors, lithium-ion capacitors and hybridized battery-supercapacitor devices. A volume-averaged continuum model of ion transport, taking into account the pore size distribution, is employed for the design [...] Read more.
The challenge of optimizing the pore size distribution of porous electrodes for different electrolytes is encountered in supercapacitors, lithium-ion capacitors and hybridized battery-supercapacitor devices. A volume-averaged continuum model of ion transport, taking into account the pore size distribution, is employed for the design of porous electrodes for electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) in this study. After validation against experimental data, computer simulations investigate two types of porous electrodes, an activated carbon coating and an activated carbon fabric, and three electrolytes: 1.5 M TEABF4 in acetonitrile (AN), 1.5 M TEABF4 in propylene carbonate (PC), and 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate:ethyl methyl carbonate (EC:EMC) 1:1 v/v. The design exercise concluded that it is important that the porous electrode has a large specific area in terms of micropores larger than the largest desolvated ion, to achieve high specific capacity, and a good proportion of mesopores larger than the largest solvated ion to ensure fast ion transport and accessibility of the micropores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based Electrochemical Devices)
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15 pages, 5723 KiB  
Article
Symmetrical Derivative of Anthrone as a Novel Receptor for Mercury Ions: Enhanced Performance of Modified Screen-Printed Electrode
by Karamjeet Kaur, Susheel K. Mittal, Ashok Kumar SK, Ashwani Kumar, Subodh Kumar, Jonathan P. Metters and Craig E. Banks
C 2021, 7(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/c7010013 - 27 Jan 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1989
Abstract
Voltammetric sensor using a symmetrical derivative of anthrone3 (1,7-diamino-3,9-dibutyl benzo[1,2,3-de:4,5,6-d’e’]diquinoline-2,8(3H,9H)-dione) (SPE-A) has been developed as a probe for Hg(II) ions. Performance of the probe as screen-printed electrode modified with the receptor (SPE-A) has been compared with anthrone3 in solution phase, using 1:1 water-acetonitrile [...] Read more.
Voltammetric sensor using a symmetrical derivative of anthrone3 (1,7-diamino-3,9-dibutyl benzo[1,2,3-de:4,5,6-d’e’]diquinoline-2,8(3H,9H)-dione) (SPE-A) has been developed as a probe for Hg(II) ions. Performance of the probe as screen-printed electrode modified with the receptor (SPE-A) has been compared with anthrone3 in solution phase, using 1:1 water-acetonitrile solvent system. Anthrone3 displayed an electrochemically quasi-reversible nature in voltammograms with both the systems and is presented as a novel disposable voltammetric sensor for mercury ions. Upon interaction with cations, both the electrode systems showed sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions with a lower detection limit of 0.61 µM. The magnitude of the voltammetric current with the SPE-A exhibited three times the current obtained with a bare glassy carbon electrode (GC). Kinetic performance of the SPE-A electrode is better than the GC electrode. The morphological studies indicate reusability of the electrodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based Electrochemical Devices)
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12 pages, 2980 KiB  
Article
Sensitive Voltammetric Detection of Chloroquine Drug by Applying a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode
by Geiser Gabriel Oliveira, Déborah Christine Azzi, Tiago Almeida Silva, Paulo Roberto de Oliveira, Orlando Fatibello-Filho and Bruno Campos Janegitz
C 2020, 6(4), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/c6040075 - 11 Nov 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3386
Abstract
In this research, a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode has been explored to detect the chloroquine drug. The electrochemical performance of BDD electrode towards the irreversible anodic response of chloroquine was investigated by subjecting this electrode to the cathodic (−0.5 A cm−2 by [...] Read more.
In this research, a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode has been explored to detect the chloroquine drug. The electrochemical performance of BDD electrode towards the irreversible anodic response of chloroquine was investigated by subjecting this electrode to the cathodic (−0.5 A cm−2 by 180 s, generating a predominantly hydrogen-terminated surface) and anodic (+0.5 A cm−2 by 30 s, oxygen-terminated surface) pretreatments. The cathodically pretreated BDD electrode ensured a better-defined anodic peak and higher current intensity. Thus, by applying the cathodically pretreated BDD electrode and square-wave voltammetry (SWV), the analytical curve was linear from 0.01 to 0.25 µmol L−1 (correlation coefficient of 0.994), with sensitivity and limit of detection of 12.2 µA L µmol−1 and 2.0 nmol−1, respectively. This nanomolar limit of detection is the lowest recorded so far with modified and unmodified electrodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based Electrochemical Devices)
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Review

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28 pages, 7844 KiB  
Review
Carbon Allotropes as ITO Electrode Replacement Materials in Liquid Crystal Devices
by Ingo Dierking
C 2020, 6(4), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/c6040080 - 10 Dec 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3636
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO)-free optoelectronic devices have been discussed for a number of years in the light of a possible indium shortage as demand rises. In particular, this is due to the largely increased number of flat panel displays and especially liquid crystal [...] Read more.
Indium tin oxide (ITO)-free optoelectronic devices have been discussed for a number of years in the light of a possible indium shortage as demand rises. In particular, this is due to the largely increased number of flat panel displays and especially liquid crystal displays (LCDs) being produced for home entertainment TV and mobile technologies. While a shortage of primary indium seems far on the horizon, nevertheless, recycling has become an important issue, as has the development of ITO-free electrode materials, especially for flexible liquid crystal devices. The main contenders for new electrode technologies are discussed with an emphasis placed on carbon-based materials for LCDs, including composite approaches. At present, these already fulfil the technical specifications demanded from ITO with respect to transmittance and sheet resistance, albeit not in relation to cost and large-scale production. Advantages and disadvantages of ITO-free technologies are discussed, with application examples given. An outlook into the future suggests no immediate transition to carbon-based electrodes in the area of LCDs, while this may change in the future once flexible displays and environmentally friendly smart window solutions or energy harvesting building coverings become available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based Electrochemical Devices)
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