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25 pages, 8145 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Global Structural Behavior of the Prefabricated Shoring System Considering Structural Details

by Heesoo Kim, Yunwoo Lee, Jeong-Hun Won, Seong-Choon Jeong and Seungjun Kim

Buildings 2023, 13(2), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020494 - 11 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1441

This study aims to investigate the structural behavior and load-carrying capacity of prefabricated shoring systems. The structural behavior and performance of shoring systems are influenced by the buckling of vertical members, where the compressive force acts as the main load. The buckling strength [...] Read more.

This study aims to investigate the structural behavior and load-carrying capacity of prefabricated shoring systems. The structural behavior and performance of shoring systems are influenced by the buckling of vertical members, where the compressive force acts as the main load. The buckling strength of a vertical member is sensitive to not only the material and geometrical properties of members but also the connection details between members, presence or absence of braces, and stiffness ratio between members. Therefore, in this study, the structural behavioral characteristics of the individual post member and the entire system are investigated by considering the structural details through eigenvalue and nonlinear finite element analyses. On the basis of the analytical studies, it was confirmed that the boundary condition of the vertical member, rotational and horizontal stiffnesses, and eccentricity condition of the end, which are directly affected by the compressive force acting on the prefabricated shoring system, have a direct effect on the elastic buckling strength. In addition, it was determined that factors such as whether the braces were installed, rotational stiffness of the vertical–horizontal member connection, and the number of installation stages affected the overall strength of the structure. According to the structural analysis results, the assembled structure was reduced by 92.9% and 82.2% compared to the elastic buckling strength of a single member as the height increased to two and three stories. In addition, when the bracing member was not installed, 12.1% and 23.6% strength reduction was confirmed as the elastic buckling strength increased by two and three stories compared to the case where the bracing member was installed. Consequently, the necessity of a whole structural performance evaluation technique was confirmed for a more practical structural performance evaluation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Statics and Dynamics of Structures)

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15 pages, 7720 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wind-Induced Responses and Wind Loads on a Super High-Rise Building with Various Cross-Sections and High Side Ratio—A Case Study

by Qinhua Wang and Buwen Zhang

Buildings 2023, 13(2), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020485 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1528

Abstract

With the development of construction technology and material, more and more super high-rise buildings will be constructed in the future. In a specific metropolitan area, super high-rise building with various cross-section and high side ratio have to been designed and constructed due to [...] Read more.

With the development of construction technology and material, more and more super high-rise buildings will be constructed in the future. In a specific metropolitan area, super high-rise building with various cross-section and high side ratio have to been designed and constructed due to the size limitation of construction site. This kind of building is also very prone to wind excitations. In this research, wind tunnel tests for a practical case of this kind of building with surrounding buildings were carried out in atmospheric boundary wind tunnel. Equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs), wind-induced responses and wind load distribution on the building were analyzed. In particular, the base overturning moment along the axis with weak lateral stiffness were investigated for bearing capacity limit state design of the building. The results demonstrate that the maximum value of wind-induced base overturning moments and acceleration responses appears at 60° or 330° wind directions instead of the orthogonal wind direction, and the aerodynamic interference of surrounding buildings affects the wind pressure distribution on facades of the building. These results and conclusion may be helpful to wind-resistant design of super high-rise buildings with high side ratio. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Statics and Dynamics of Structures)

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33 pages, 12360 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Analytical Investigation of the Effects of Secondary Structural Members on the Structural Behaviors of Transmission Towers

by Pyounghwa Kim, Whi Seok Han, Jeong Hun Kim, Jeonghwa Lee, Young Jong Kang and Seungjun Kim

Buildings 2023, 13(1), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010223 - 13 Jan 2023

Viewed by 2694

Abstract

High-voltage transmission towers consist of structures that are designed to avoid the risk of electric shock and prevent the risk of collapse. Hence, for efficiency, they are generally designed as high-rise towers. The main tower posts are the primary structural members that resist [...] Read more.

High-voltage transmission towers consist of structures that are designed to avoid the risk of electric shock and prevent the risk of collapse. Hence, for efficiency, they are generally designed as high-rise towers. The main tower posts are the primary structural members that resist loads under various load conditions. Therefore, the contribution of the secondary members to securing the stiffness and strength of the main posts by reducing the effective buckling length is an important one. However, we lack detailed secondary member design criteria. In this study, we observed the structural effects of the horizontal members and braces on the torsional stiffness, elastic buckling strength, and load-carrying capacity of a transmission tower using various structural analysis methods, including linear elastic, eigenvalue, and geometric nonlinear and inelastic analyses, under governing load combinations. According to the analytical results, it is the brace spacing rather than the horizontal members that substantially affects the structural performance. Therefore, we can minimize the number of horizontal members if we erect sufficient brace members. If the brace spacing is wide, then the horizontal members should be erected to create K bracing, thereby enhancing the buckling resistance of the main posts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Statics and Dynamics of Structures)

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15 pages, 12140 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Buffer and Damper Positions for Increasing the Seismic Performance of Suspension Bridge

by Shengshan Pan, Jichong Wang, Shuli Fan, Kailun Tian and Weizhi Zhu

Buildings 2023, 13(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010081 - 29 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1387

Abstract

In this research, a finite element model is established to investigate effective seismic control schemes for a self-anchored suspension bridge (SASB) with three towers. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of SASB with different layout schemes of viscous dampers [...] Read more.

In this research, a finite element model is established to investigate effective seismic control schemes for a self-anchored suspension bridge (SASB) with three towers. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of SASB with different layout schemes of viscous dampers and buffers, which were installed in longitudinal direction and transversal direction, respectively. The responses of the SASB designed with 10 seismic control schemes are compared to ascertain suitable seismic schemes for SASBs. The results show that the number and location of lateral buffers have an important impact on the dynamic characterization of the SASB, especially for the first lateral mode and lateral fundamental frequency. To effectively increase the seismic performance of SASBs with three towers, mounting buffers between the side towers and the main girder of SASBs is an appropriate scheme. The viscous dampers can effectively decrease the dynamic reaction of the towers and longitudinal deformation of the girder under earthquake excitations. The plan involves the installation of dampers between the main concrete stiffening girder and the side towers as the optimal longitudinal seismic scheme for the SASB. The study offers important insights into the seismic design of SASBs with three towers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Statics and Dynamics of Structures)

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16 pages, 8231 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shaking Table Test and Numerical Simulation Study of the Reinforcement Strengthening of a Dam

by Qiang Xu, Bo Liu, Jianyun Chen, Jing Li and Mingming Wang

Buildings 2022, 12(11), 1955; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111955 - 11 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1212

Abstract

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations of the seismic failure of the reinforced and unreinforced monoliths of the Huangdeng concrete gravity dam. To verify the scale factors, we use suitable materials (emulation concrete material and fine alloy wire) to simulate the dam [...] Read more.

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations of the seismic failure of the reinforced and unreinforced monoliths of the Huangdeng concrete gravity dam. To verify the scale factors, we use suitable materials (emulation concrete material and fine alloy wire) to simulate the dam concrete and the steel reinforcement (SR) in a scaled experiment model that includes the water-retaining monolith and overflow monolith of the dam. We design shaking table model tests based on the similarity laws and perform nonlinear numerical simulations of damage to the dam. By comparing the numerical simulation with the experimental results, the intervals for peak acceleration, in which microcracks appear and macrocracks rapidly expand, are obtained. The modal and damage distribution results verify the proposed design method for the scaled experimental model with SR. By analyzing the results, we reveal the crack resistance mechanism of SR. This research provides a rational foundation for further study of the similarity laws for reinforced dams. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Statics and Dynamics of Structures)

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20 pages, 10119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Shear Behaviour of Composite Shear Connectors

by Chengfeng Xue, Zhou Fan, Fangwen Wu, Laijun Liu, Lanqing He and Xuan Cui

Buildings 2022, 12(10), 1726; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101726 - 18 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1573

Abstract

In order to make full use of the advantages of welded stud and perfobond rib shear connectors, a new type of composite shear connector is proposed. Studs are welded to the perforated steel plate of the PBL connectors. Six specimens were designed and [...] Read more.

In order to make full use of the advantages of welded stud and perfobond rib shear connectors, a new type of composite shear connector is proposed. Studs are welded to the perforated steel plate of the PBL connectors. Six specimens were designed and tested to investigate the shear behaviour of the composite connectors. The effects of the hole number, welded stud number, and end-bearing modes on the shear behaviour of the composite connectors were discussed. In addition, the composite connectors were compared with the conventional welded stud and perfobond rib connectors to analyse the difference in shear performance. The composite connectors’ shear behaviours are significantly better than those of welded stud connectors and PBL connectors. The experimental results show that increasing the number of welded studs and perforated holes and end-bearing concrete can significantly improve the shear performance of composite connectors. Secondly, a finite element model was established considering the nonlinearity of the structure and was validated based on the experimental results. Finally, the effects of reinforcement diameter, welded stud diameter, and concrete strength on the shear performance of composite connectors were analysed. The shear resistance increases as the penetrating rebar diameter, welded stud diameter, and concrete strength increase. Moreover, the overall damage level of the concrete can be significantly affected. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Statics and Dynamics of Structures)

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21 pages, 4032 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Choices of the Critical Frequency for φ in TL-φ Algorithms When Applied to Multi-Degree of Freedom Systems

by Yu Tang, Chao Luo and Bo Fu

Buildings 2022, 12(6), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060863 - 20 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1516

Abstract

TL-

φ

algorithms are newly developed explicit structure-dependent integration algorithms utilized for solving the temporally discretized equations of motion. In contrast to the existing algorithms, the most significant improvement of TL-

φ

algorithms is in diminishing the amount of period errors by introducing [...] Read more.

TL-

φ

algorithms are newly developed explicit structure-dependent integration algorithms utilized for solving the temporally discretized equations of motion. In contrast to the existing algorithms, the most significant improvement of TL-

φ

algorithms is in diminishing the amount of period errors by introducing a precorrection coefficient

φ

into the integration parameters of TL-

φ

algorithms, which is related to the critical frequency of a system. In the previous work, the fundamental frequency of the system is deemed to be the critical frequency, so that

φ

is a constant scaling corresponding to the fundamental frequency for both single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems. However, for a MDOF system, the first mode may not contribute to the total response more than other ones under a given external excitation, calculating

φ

only by the fundamental frequency will underestimate the contribution of the higher-frequency modes to structural dynamics. In this paper, choices of the critical frequency for

φ

when applying TL-

φ

algorithms to MDOF systems are investigated thoroughly. By considering the initial structural properties of the system and the frequency characteristics of the external excitation simultaneously, a calculation criterion of

φ

for MDOF systems under specific external excitations is proposed. Four numerical examples with different initial structure properties and loading conditions are designed, and the results demonstrate that the proposed criterion can be potentially used to solve structural dynamic problems of MDOF systems with a more desirable numerical dispersion performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Statics and Dynamics of Structures)

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16 pages, 7183 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Stress Field Distribution during the Construction of a Group of Tunnels Using the Pile–Beam–Arch Method

by Bo Huang, Yihan Du, Yu Zeng, Bing Cao, Yu Zou and Qian Yu

Buildings 2022, 12(3), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030300 - 04 Mar 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1934

Abstract

To study stress field distributions during the construction of a group of tunnels using the pile–beam–arch method, the excavation for an underground station of Beijing subway line 7 was taken as an engineering problem, and a numerical structural model of a tunnel group [...] Read more.

To study stress field distributions during the construction of a group of tunnels using the pile–beam–arch method, the excavation for an underground station of Beijing subway line 7 was taken as an engineering problem, and a numerical structural model of a tunnel group was built with the aid of software. In this model, four stress-monitoring planes were set up to extract the data obtained from monitoring stress. The construction of the pilot tunnels was simulated according to six established construction schemes, and images were generated for the stress field distribution on each monitoring plane using different schemes. Finally, a verification of physical model tests was carried out. The results show that the effect of excavation on vertical stress in pilot tunnels has a range that is essentially equal to twice the width of the station. After the excavation of pilot tunnels, peaks appeared both at the tops of the pilot tunnels and between the bottoms of the tunnels; moreover, valleys appeared both at the bottoms of the pilot tunnels and between the tops of the tunnels. Pilot tunnels located at the top of the group were less affected during excavation than the tunnels located at the bottom of the group both in stress concentration factor and in the point of extreme stress. Finally, the model verified the numerical simulation results of the stress variation law. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Statics and Dynamics of Structures)

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