Role of Astrocytes and Microglia in the Mediation of Neuroinflammatory Process in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Novel Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuroglia".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 2248

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Interests: neuroinflammation; Alzheimer’s diseases; Parkinson’s disease; stress and addiction; neuroinflammation in alcoholism and therapeutic approaches

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Thoracic-Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Interests: immunology; neuroimmunology; cancer immunology; immunotherapy; NK and T cell biology

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Interests: neuroscience; nanotechnology; neuroinflammation in epilepsy

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Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
Interests: neuroglial-neuronal metabolic crosstalk; protein aggregation and propagation in neu-rodegenerative diseases; Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; traumatic brain in-jury; frontotemporal dementia; HIV and SARS-CoV-2 as-sociated neurodegeneration; steady state and isotope labeled metabolomics; single cell and spatial transcriptomics; human iPSC derived cerebral organoid

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite the involvement of diverse protein aggregates and different mechanisms, the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) all have one crucial and common pathological driver, i.e., neuroinflammation. In the last decade, numerous findings have demonstrated a predominant contribution of neuroglia in facilitating inflammatory processes in the central nervous system (CNS). In particular, astrocytes and microglia, among other neuroglia, are the major players in these neuroinflammatory processes. Interestingly, activation of astrocytes and microglia is bimodal: it can either be protective until a threshold, or trigger a devastating cascade of neurodegeneration if above the threshold. The challenge is to identify the factors controlling the fine balance between these protective and deleterious effects, and to design novel therapies to address both these effects.

Hence, the aim and scope of this Special Issue are to explore clinical and mechanistic studies that help us gain novel insights into the role of astrocytes and microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, and to report promising therapies targeting neuroinflammation.

This Special Issue welcomes fundamental studies using animal, cell culture, and human iPSC-derived organoid models, as well as biomarker studies using advanced multi-omics tools such as metabolomics, and single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. In this Special Issue, we also welcome review manuscripts, clinical studies, and research articles that update the readers on promising drug targets and therapies for attenuating neuroinflammation. We hope this topic will bring together those who are working in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders and will be beneficial for both clinicians and scientists.

Dr. Muthuraju Sangu
Dr. Kiran Kundu
Prof. Dr. Kuttulebbai Nainamohamed Salam Sirajudeen
Dr. Tirthankar Sinha
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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15 pages, 1172 KiB  
Review
Microglial Activation: Key Players in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy
by Jiyun Hu, Shucai Xie, Haisong Zhang, Xinrun Wang, Binbin Meng and Lina Zhang
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(10), 1453; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101453 - 12 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1732
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common brain dysfunction, which results in severe cognitive and neurological sequelae and an increased mortality rate in patients with sepsis. Depending on the stimulus, microglia (resident macrophages in the brain that are involved in SAE pathology and physiology) [...] Read more.
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common brain dysfunction, which results in severe cognitive and neurological sequelae and an increased mortality rate in patients with sepsis. Depending on the stimulus, microglia (resident macrophages in the brain that are involved in SAE pathology and physiology) can adopt two polarization states (M1/M2), corresponding to altered microglial morphology, gene expression, and function. We systematically described the pathogenesis, morphology, function, and phenotype of microglial activation in SAE and demonstrated that microglia are closely related to SAE occurrence and development, and concomitant cognitive impairment. Finally, some potential therapeutic approaches that can prime microglia and neuroinflammation toward the beneficial restorative microglial phenotype in SAE were outlined. Full article
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