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Biomolecules
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Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Diseases
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Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Diseases

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biomarkers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 10843

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Vladimír Tesař

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: immune-mediated kidney disease; diabetic kidney disease; genetic diseases of the kidney; cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Dita Maixnerova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: chronic kidney disease; renal biopsy; IgA nephropathy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the expanding therapeutic options for treating different chronic kidney diseases, there is an increasing need for the non-invasive diagnosis of glomerular disease and, even more importantly, the assessment of its activity, chronicity (degree of fibrosis), putative outcome, optimal choice and response to treatment. The increase in the understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease has resulted in the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to provide an update on the recent progress in these two areas. We encourage authors to submit papers on the recent advances in biomarkers and the potential therapeutic targets of kidney disease.

Prof. Dr. Vladimír Tesař
Prof. Dr. Dita Maixnerova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarker
  • kidney disease
  • fibrosis
  • proteomics
  • metabolomics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1831 KiB  
Communication
Unique Biomarkers of Collagen Type III Remodeling Reflect Different Information Regarding Pathological Kidney Tissue Alterations in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
by Nadja Sparding, Michaela Neprasova, Dita Maixnerova, Federica Genovese, Morten Asser Karsdal, Marek Kollar, Helena Koprivova, Zdenka Hruskova and Vladimir Tesar
Biomolecules 2023, 13(7), 1093; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071093 - 08 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1167
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is characterized by an imbalanced extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Collagen type III is one of the main ECM components of the interstitial matrix of the kidney. We hypothesized that measuring three biomarkers [...] Read more.
Kidney fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is characterized by an imbalanced extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Collagen type III is one of the main ECM components of the interstitial matrix of the kidney. We hypothesized that measuring three biomarkers of collagen type III reflecting different aspects of this protein turnover (C3M, C3C, and PRO-C3) may provide different information about the fibrotic burden in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). We examined a cohort of 134 patients with IgAN. The three collagen type III biomarkers were measured in serum (S) and in urine (U) samples taken on the same day before kidney biopsy was performed. Biopsies were evaluated for interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, according to the Banff and MEST-C scores. S-PRO-C3 and S-C3C correlated with the degree of fibrosis in the biopsy, whereas U-C3M/Cr had an inverse correlation with fibrosis. U-C3M/Cr had the highest discrimination ability for advanced fibrosis, which was maintained after adjustment for the other collagen type III biomarkers, proteinuria, and serum creatinine. The data presented in this study indicate that measuring the different fragments of the same ECM protein and in different matrices provides a variety of information regarding pathological kidney tissue alterations in patients with IgAN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Diseases)
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13 pages, 2416 KiB  
Article
Endotrophin Levels Are Associated with Allograft Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients
by Nadja Sparding, Federica Genovese, Daniel Guldager Kring Rasmussen, Morten A. Karsdal, Nicoline V. Krogstrup, Marie Bodilsen Nielsen, Mads Hornum, Subagini Nagarajah, Henrik Birn, The CONTEXT Study Group, Bente Jespersen, Martin Tepel and Rikke Nørregaard
Biomolecules 2023, 13(5), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13050792 - 05 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1246
Abstract
Early prediction of kidney graft function may assist clinical management, and for this, reliable non-invasive biomarkers are needed. We evaluated endotrophin (ETP), a novel non-invasive biomarker of collagen type VI formation, as a prognostic marker in kidney transplant recipients. ETP levels were measured [...] Read more.
Early prediction of kidney graft function may assist clinical management, and for this, reliable non-invasive biomarkers are needed. We evaluated endotrophin (ETP), a novel non-invasive biomarker of collagen type VI formation, as a prognostic marker in kidney transplant recipients. ETP levels were measured with the PRO-C6 ELISA in the plasma (P-ETP) of 218 and urine (U-ETP/Cr) of 172 kidney transplant recipients, one (D1) and five (D5) days, as well as three (M3) and twelve (M12) months, after transplantation. P-ETP and U-ETP/Cr at D1 (P-ETP AUC = 0.86, p < 0.0001; U-ETP/Cr AUC = 0.70, p = 0.0002) were independent markers of delayed graft function (DGF) and P-ETP at D1 had an odds ratio of 6.3 (p < 0.0001) for DGF when adjusted for plasma creatinine. The results for P-ETP at D1 were confirmed in a validation cohort of 146 transplant recipients (AUC = 0.92, p < 0.0001). U-ETP/Cr at M3 was negatively associated with kidney graft function at M12 (p = 0.007). This study suggests that ETP at D1 can identify patients at risk of delayed graft function and that U-ETP/Cr at M3 can predict the future status of the allograft. Thus, measuring collagen type VI formation could aid in predicting graft function in kidney transplant recipients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Diseases)
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Review

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25 pages, 2283 KiB  
Review
Molecular Challenges and Opportunities in Climate Change-Induced Kidney Diseases
by Eder Luna-Cerón, Alfredo Pherez-Farah, Indumathi Krishnan-Sivadoss and Carlos Enrique Guerrero-Beltrán
Biomolecules 2024, 14(3), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14030251 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1136
Abstract
As temperatures continue to modify due to weather changes, more regions are being exposed to extreme heat and cold. Physiological distress due to low and high temperatures can affect the heart, blood vessels, liver, and especially, the kidneys. Dehydration causes impaired cell function [...] Read more.
As temperatures continue to modify due to weather changes, more regions are being exposed to extreme heat and cold. Physiological distress due to low and high temperatures can affect the heart, blood vessels, liver, and especially, the kidneys. Dehydration causes impaired cell function and heat itself triggers cellular stress. The decline in circulating plasma volume by sweat, which stresses the renal and cardiovascular systems, has been related to some molecules that are crucial players in preventing or provoking cellular damage. Hypovolemia and blood redistribution to cutaneous blood vessels reduce perfusion to the kidney triggering the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. In this review, we expose a deeper understanding of the modulation of molecules that interact with other proteins in humans to provide significant findings in the context of extreme heat and cold environments and renal damage reversal. We focus on the molecular changes exerted by temperature and dehydration in the renal system as both parameters are heavily implicated by weather change (e.g., vasopressin-induced fructose uptake, fructogenesis, and hypertension). We also discuss the compensatory mechanisms activated under extreme temperatures that can exert further kidney injury. To finalize, we place special emphasis on the renal mechanisms of protection against temperature extremes, focusing on two important protein groups: heat shock proteins and sirtuins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Diseases)
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14 pages, 2601 KiB  
Review
Cardiac Imaging Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease
by Silvia C. Valbuena-López, Giovanni Camastra, Luca Cacciotti, Eike Nagel, Valentina O. Puntmann and Luca Arcari
Biomolecules 2023, 13(5), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13050773 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2191
Abstract
Uremic cardiomyopathy (UC), the peculiar cardiac remodeling secondary to the systemic effects of renal dysfunction, is characterized by left ventricular (LV) diffuse fibrosis with hypertrophy (LVH) and stiffness and the development of heart failure and increased rates of cardiovascular mortality. Several imaging modalities [...] Read more.
Uremic cardiomyopathy (UC), the peculiar cardiac remodeling secondary to the systemic effects of renal dysfunction, is characterized by left ventricular (LV) diffuse fibrosis with hypertrophy (LVH) and stiffness and the development of heart failure and increased rates of cardiovascular mortality. Several imaging modalities can be used to obtain a non-invasive assessment of UC by different imaging biomarkers, which is the focus of the present review. Echocardiography has been largely employed in recent decades, especially for the determination of LVH by 2-dimensional imaging and diastolic dysfunction by pulsed-wave and tissue Doppler, where it retains a robust prognostic value; more recent techniques include parametric assessment of cardiac deformation by speckle tracking echocardiography and the use of 3D-imaging. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging allows a more accurate assessment of cardiac dimensions, including the right heart, and deformation by feature-tracking imaging; however, the most evident added value of CMR remains tissue characterization. T1 mapping demonstrated diffuse fibrosis in CKD patients, increasing with the worsening of renal disease and evident even in early stages of the disease, with few, but emerging, prognostic data. Some studies using T2 mapping highlighted the presence of subtle, diffuse myocardial edema. Finally, computed tomography, though rarely used to specifically assess UC, might provide incidental findings carrying prognostic relevance, including information on cardiac and vascular calcification. In summary, non-invasive cardiovascular imaging provides a wealth of imaging biomarkers for the characterization and risk-stratification of UC; integrating results from different imaging techniques can aid a better understanding of the physiopathology of UC and improve the clinical management of patients with CKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Diseases)
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13 pages, 775 KiB  
Review
Novel Biomarkers of Diabetic Kidney Disease
by Jorge Rico-Fontalvo, Gustavo Aroca-Martínez, Rodrigo Daza-Arnedo, José Cabrales, Tomás Rodríguez-Yanez, María Cardona-Blanco, Juan Montejo-Hernández, Dairo Rodelo Barrios, Jhonny Patiño-Patiño and Elber Osorio Rodríguez
Biomolecules 2023, 13(4), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13040633 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4413
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. It represents one of the most common complications arising from diabetes mellitus (DM) and is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Its development involves three fundamental components: the hemodynamic, metabolic, and [...] Read more.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. It represents one of the most common complications arising from diabetes mellitus (DM) and is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Its development involves three fundamental components: the hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory axes. Clinically, persistent albuminuria in association with a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) defines this disease. However, as these alterations are not specific to DKD, there is a need to discuss novel biomarkers arising from its pathogenesis which may aid in the diagnosis, follow-up, therapeutic response, and prognosis of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Diseases)
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