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Special Issue "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Nephropathy 3.0"

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Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Nephropathy 2.0”.

Until recently, kidney disease was most frequently diagnosed based exclusively on the histologic examination of kidney biopsy and treated with non-specific immunosuppression. The availability of new diagnostic methods has resulted not only in a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of different kidney diseases and more specific and non-invasive diagnostics but also in the identification of new molecular targets for more personalized treatment with putatively better efficacy and safety. This Special Issue invites contributions of both original articles and reviews dedicated to advanced diagnostics and new treatment approaches in chronic kidney disease. Attention is paid not only to glomerular disease but also autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and kidney transplantation.

Prof. Dr. Vladimir Tesar
Guest Editor

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Research

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11 pages, 3232 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy of Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Ameliorating Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity, as Modeled Using Three-Dimensional, Gravity-Driven, Two-Layer Tubule-on-a-Chip (3D-MOTIVE Chip)

and

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15726; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115726 - 29 Oct 2023

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Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to have a therapeutic effect on nephrotoxicity. As animal models require significant time and resources to evaluate drug effects, there is a need for a new experimental technique that can accurately predict drug effects in humans. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of MSC-derived EVs in cisplatin nephrotoxicity using a three-dimensional, gravity-driven, two-layer tubule-on-a-chip (3D-MOTIVE chip). In the 3D-MOTIVE chip, 10 μM cisplatin decreased the number of attached cells compared to the vehicle. Conversely, annexin V and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased. Cell viability was increased 2.8-fold and 2.5-fold after treatment with EVs at 4 and 8 µg/mL, respectively, compared to the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity group. Cell attachment was increased 2.25-fold by treatment with 4 µg/mL EVs and 2.02-fold by 8 µg/mL EVs. Annexin V and ROS levels were decreased compared to those in the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity group. There were no significant differences in annexin V and ROS levels according to EV concentration. In sum, we created a cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model on a 3D-MOTIVE chip and found that MSC-derived EVs could restore cell viability. Thus, MSC-derived EVs may have the potential to ameliorate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Nephropathy 3.0)

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Review

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19 pages, 2133 KiB

Open AccessReview

SCARF Genes in COVID-19 and Kidney Disease: A Path to Comorbidity-Specific Therapies

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Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(22), 16078; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216078 - 08 Nov 2023

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Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has killed ~7 million persons worldwide. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common risk factor for severe COVID-19 and one that most increases the risk of COVID-19-related death. Moreover, CKD increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), and COVID-19 patients with AKI are at an increased risk of death. However, the molecular basis underlying this risk has not been well characterized. CKD patients are at increased risk of death from multiple infections, to which immune deficiency in non-specific host defenses may contribute. However, COVID-19-associated AKI has specific molecular features and CKD modulates the local (kidney) and systemic (lung, aorta) expression of host genes encoding coronavirus-associated receptors and factors (SCARFs), which SARS-CoV-2 hijacks to enter cells and replicate. We review the interaction between kidney disease and COVID-19, including the over 200 host genes that may influence the severity of COVID-19, and provide evidence suggesting that kidney disease may modulate the expression of SCARF genes and other key host genes involved in an effective adaptive defense against coronaviruses. Given the poor response of certain CKD populations (e.g., kidney transplant recipients) to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and their suboptimal outcomes when infected, we propose a research agenda focusing on CKD to develop the concept of comorbidity-specific targeted therapeutic approaches to SARS-CoV-2 infection or to future coronavirus infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Nephropathy 3.0)

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