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Special Issue "Advanced Research in Metabolic Syndrome"

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A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2023 | Viewed by 7241

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Dr. Balazs Varga

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Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: diabetes; hypercholesterolaemia; microcirculation; heart; retina; brain; blood vessels; pharmacology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Biomedicines focuses on advanced research in metabolic syndrome, regardless of whether it is pre-clinical, drug development research on laboratory animals or clinical research carried out with bioactive agents. As metabolic syndrome is highly diverse, affecting many organs (heart, brain, blood vessels, kidney, retina, etc.), and the intertwined diseases of the syndrome such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension pose major challenges themselves, advanced therapeutic approaches developed against the syndrome can be of great benefit. Even less obviously related diseases—such as metabolic syndrome-related dementia types, endocrine function disorders, or microbiome changes—may also be of interest to the readership. Investigations of the prevention and treatment of macro- and microcirculatory damage associated with the different aforementioned diseases of metabolic syndrome are most welcome, but studies on other well-recognized pathways related to the syndrome such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and necro-apopto-autophagy are also welcome.

Dr. Balazs Varga
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

obesity
diabetes
dyslipidemia
hypertension
microcirculatory damage
ischemia-reperfusion
necro-apopto-autophagy
laboratory animals
bioactive agents

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

The Role of Hypoxia on the Trimethylation of H3K27 in Podocytes

and

Biomedicines 2023, 11(9), 2475; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092475 - 07 Sep 2023

Viewed by 222

Abstract

Epigenetic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Previous studies of our group showed that diabetic conditions reduce the trimethylation of H3K27 in podocytes in a NIPP1- (nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1) and EZH2- (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) dependent manner. It has been previously reported that in differentiated podocytes, hypoxia decreases the expression of slit diaphragm proteins and promotes foot process effacement, thereby contributing to the progression of renal disease. The exact mechanisms are, however, not completely understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of hypoxia and HIFs (hypoxia-inducible factor) on epigenetic changes in podocytes affecting NIPP1, EZH2 and H3K27me3, in vitro and in vivo. In vivo studies were performed with mice exposed to 10% systemic hypoxia for 3 days or injected with 3,4-DHB (dihydroxybenzoate), a PHD (prolyl hydroxylase) inhibitor, 24 h prior analyses. Immunodetection of H3K27me3, NIPP1 and EZH2 in glomerular podocytes revealed, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that hypoxic conditions and pharmacological HIFs activation significantly reduce the expression of NIPP1 and EZH2 and diminish H3K27 trimethylation. These findings are also supported by in vitro studies using murine-differentiated podocytes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Metabolic Syndrome)

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Open AccessArticle

New Synthesized Activating Transcription Factor 3 Inducer SW20.1 Suppresses Resistin-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

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Biomedicines 2023, 11(6), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061509 - 23 May 2023

Viewed by 1215

Abstract

Obesity is an emerging concern globally with increasing prevalence. Obesity is associated with many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and cancer. Thus, effective new antiobesity drugs should be urgently developed. We synthesized SW20.1, a compound that induces activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression. The results of Oil Red O staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that SW20.1 was more effective in reducing lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes than the previously synthesized ST32db, and that it inhibited the expression of the genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that SW20.1 inhibited adipogenesis and lipogenesis by binding to the upstream promoter region of resistin at two sites (−2861/−2854 and −241/−234). In mice, the intraperitoneal administration of SW20.1 reduced body weight, white adipocyte weight in different regions, serum cholesterol levels, adipogenesis-related gene expression, hepatic steatosis, and serum resistin levels. Overall, SW20.1 exerts antiobesity effects by inhibiting resistin through the ATF3 pathway. Our study results indicate that SW20.1 is a promising therapeutic drug for diet-induced obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Metabolic Syndrome)

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Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between Elevated Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome in a Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Elderly Population in Taiwan

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Biomedicines 2023, 11(2), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020378 - 27 Jan 2023

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Abstract

(1) Background: Metabolic syndrome has become a serious health problem in society. Homocysteine is a biomarker for cardiovascular disease. We investigated the relationship between homocysteine levels and metabolic syndrome. (2) Methods: A total of 398 middle-aged and elderly individuals were included in our study. First, we divided the participants into two groups: the metabolic syndrome group and the nonmetabolic syndrome group. Second, according to tertiles of homocysteine levels from low to high, the participants were divided into first, second, and third groups. Pearson’s correlation was then calculated for homocysteine levels and metabolic factors. Scatterplots are presented. Finally, the risk of metabolic syndrome in the second and third groups compared with the first group was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. (3) Results: In our study, the metabolic syndrome group had higher homocysteine levels, and the participants in the third group were more likely to have metabolic syndrome. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the third group, which had the highest homocysteine level, was associated with metabolic syndrome with an odds ratio of 2.32 compared with the first group after adjusting for risk factors. (4) Conclusions: We concluded that high plasma homocysteine levels were independently associated with MetS in our study population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Metabolic Syndrome)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

Valproate-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Natalia A. Shnayder

Violetta V. Grechkina

Vera V. Trefilova

Ilya S. Efremov

Evgenia A. Dontceva

Ekaterina A. Narodova

Marina M. Petrova

Irina A. Soloveva

Liia E. Tepnadze

Polina A. Reznichenko

Mustafa Al-Zamil

Gulnara I. Altynbekova

Anna I. Strelnik

and

Regina F. Nasyrova

Biomedicines 2023, 11(5), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051499 - 22 May 2023

Viewed by 989

Abstract

Valproic acid (VPA) and its salts (sodium calcium magnesium and orotic) are psychotropic drugs that are widely used in neurology and psychiatry. The long-term use of VPA increases the risk of developing adverse drug reactions (ADRs), among which metabolic syndrome (MetS) plays a special role. MetS belongs to a cluster of metabolic conditions such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein. Valproate-induced MetS (VPA-MetS) is a common ADR that needs an updated multidisciplinary approach to its prevention and diagnosis. In this review, we consider the results of studies of blood (serum and plasma) and the urinary biomarkers of VPA-MetS. These metabolic biomarkers may provide the key to the development of a new multidisciplinary personalized strategy for the prevention and diagnosis of VPA-MetS in patients with neurological diseases, psychiatric disorders, and addiction diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Metabolic Syndrome)

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—The Chicken or the Egg Dilemma

Marcin Kosmalski

Agnieszka Śliwińska

and

Józef Drzewoski

Biomedicines 2023, 11(4), 1097; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041097 - 04 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2552

Abstract

In clinical practice, we often deal with patients who suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) concurrent with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The etiopathogenesis of NAFLD is mainly connected with insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. Similarly, the latter patients are in the process of developing T2DM. However, the mechanisms of NAFLD and T2DM coexistence have not been fully elucidated. Considering that both diseases and their complications are of epidemic proportions and significantly affect the length and quality of life, we aimed to answer which of these diseases appears first and thereby highlight the need for their diagnosis and treatment. To address this question, we present and discuss the epidemiological data, diagnoses, complications and pathomechanisms of these two coexisting metabolic diseases. This question is difficult to answer due to the lack of a uniform procedure for NAFLD diagnosis and the asymptomatic nature of both diseases, especially at their beginning stages. To conclude, most researchers suggest that NAFLD appears as the first disease and starts the sequence of circumstances leading ultimately to the development of T2DM. However, there are also data suggesting that T2DM develops before NAFLD. Despite the fact that we cannot definitively answer this question, it is very important to bring the attention of clinicians and researchers to the coexistence of NAFLD and T2DM in order to prevent their consequences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Metabolic Syndrome)

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Special Issue "Advanced Research in Metabolic Syndrome"

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