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Atmosphere
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El Niño-Southern Oscillation Related Extreme Events
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El Niño-Southern Oscillation Related Extreme Events

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Climatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (4 November 2022) | Viewed by 6323

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jianjun Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
South China Sea Institute of Marine and Meteorology, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Interests: ENSO diversity; air-sea interaction; climate change; mesoscale numerical simulations; data assimilation
Dr. Shifei Tu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
South China Sea Institute of Marine and Meteorology, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Interests: tropical cyclone and climate change; tropical cyclone precipitation; ENSO diversity and tropical cyclone activities

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In general, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) represents an irregular periodic mode on the interannual scale (usually 2-7 years), affecting the climate of most tropical and subtropical regions. ENSO-related extreme weather events greatly impact human life and property. Observations show that global warming has significantly impacted the frequency, intensity, and influence time of extreme events (such as extreme precipitation, intense storms, heat waves, etc.). So, will the link between ENSO and extreme events change with climate change, and how the ENSO diversity affecting on extreme events? These questions are worth further investigation. In addition, the application of ENSO to the prediction of global and regional extreme events is also of interest to us.

In this special issue, we will focus on (1) the impacts and mechanisms of ENSO and its diversity on extreme events (including but not limited to extreme precipitation, droughts, heat waves, extreme cold, storms, tornadoes, etc.), (2) the impacts of climate change on ENSO-related extreme events and the corresponding attributions and predictions. We encourage submissions of original work covering a wide range of topics. Any relevant observational, theoretical, and numerical simulation studies are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jianjun Xu
Dr. Shifei Tu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ENSO diversity
  • climate change
  • risks and vulnerability
  • extreme precipitation
  • droughts
  • heat waves
  • extreme cold
  • tropical cyclones
  • tornadoes

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5135 KiB  
Article
El Niño Onset Time Affects the Intensity of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in China
by Jinyi Yang, Feng Xu, Shifei Tu, Liguo Han, Shaojing Zhang, Meiying Zheng, Yongchi Li, Shihan Zhang and Yishun Wan
Atmosphere 2023, 14(4), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040628 - 26 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1172
Abstract
In this work, we studied the influence of spring (SP) and summer (SU) El Niño events on the landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) in China. The results showed that compared to SU El Niño years, the average latitude of the landfalling TCs in SP [...] Read more.
In this work, we studied the influence of spring (SP) and summer (SU) El Niño events on the landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) in China. The results showed that compared to SU El Niño years, the average latitude of the landfalling TCs in SP El Niño years shifted significantly southward and that the average TC intensity was significantly stronger, especially in the post-landfall period. Additionally, more severe tropical storm-level TCs generated over the South China Sea made landfall in China. Meanwhile, in SP El Niño years, landfalling TCs in southern China had a greater landfall intensity, but landfalling TCs in eastern China were the opposite. These changes in TC intensity during the SP El Niño years could be attributed to more favorable dynamical and thermodynamical conditions, which are beneficial for maintaining TC intensity and duration after landfall. These results could have important implications for an in-depth understanding of TC activities, as well as TC disaster prevention and mitigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue El Niño-Southern Oscillation Related Extreme Events)
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15 pages, 5238 KiB  
Article
Influence of ENSO on Droughts and Vegetation in a High Mountain Equatorial Climate Basin
by Jheimy Pacheco, Abel Solera, Alex Avilés and María Dolores Tonón
Atmosphere 2022, 13(12), 2123; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122123 - 17 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1489
Abstract
Several studies have assessed droughts and vegetation considering climatic factors, particularly El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at different latitudes. However, there are knowledge gaps in the tropical Andes, a region with high spatiotemporal climatic variability. This research analyzed the relationships between droughts, vegetation, and [...] Read more.
Several studies have assessed droughts and vegetation considering climatic factors, particularly El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at different latitudes. However, there are knowledge gaps in the tropical Andes, a region with high spatiotemporal climatic variability. This research analyzed the relationships between droughts, vegetation, and ENSO from 2001–2015. Meteorological drought was analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for 1, 3 and 6 months. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to evaluate vegetation, and ENSO indexes were used as climate drivers. The Wavelet coherence method was used to establish time-frequency relationships. This approach was applied in the Machángara river sub-basin in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes. The results showed significant negative correlations during 2009–2013 between the SPEI and NDVI, with the SPEI6 lagging by nine months and a return period of 1.5 years. ENSO–SPEI presented the highest negative correlations during 2009–2014 and a return period of three years, with ENSO leading the relationship for around fourteen months. ENSO-NDVI showed the highest positive correlations during 2004–2008 and a return period of one year, with the ENSO indexes continually delayed by approximately one month. These results could be a benchmark for developing advanced studies for climate hazards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue El Niño-Southern Oscillation Related Extreme Events)
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17 pages, 31183 KiB  
Article
The Combined Impacts of ENSO and IOD on Global Seasonal Droughts
by Hao Yin, Zhiyong Wu, Hayley J. Fowler, Stephen Blenkinsop, Hai He and Yuan Li
Atmosphere 2022, 13(10), 1673; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101673 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2969
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that global droughts are significantly affected by different types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. However, quantifying the temporal and spatial characteristics of global droughts, particularly those occurring during combined ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events, is still [...] Read more.
Previous studies have revealed that global droughts are significantly affected by different types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. However, quantifying the temporal and spatial characteristics of global droughts, particularly those occurring during combined ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events, is still largely unexplored. This study adopts the severity-area-duration (SAD) method to identify large-scale drought events and the Liang-Kleeman Information Flow (LKIF) to demonstrate the cause-and-effect relationship between the Nino3.4/Nino3/Nino4/Dipole Mode Index (DMI) and the global gridded three-month standardized precipitation index (SPI3) during 1951–2020. The five main achievements are as follows: (1) the intensity and coverage of droughts reach a peak in the developing and mature phases of El Niño, while La Niña most influences drought in its mature and decaying phases. (2) Compared with Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, the impacts of Central Pacific (CP) El Niño on global drought are more extensive and complex, especially in Africa and South America. (3) The areal extent and intensity of drought are greater in most land areas during the summer and autumn of the combined events. (4) The spatial variabilities in dryness and wetness on land are greater during combined CP El Niño and pIOD events, significantly in China and South America. (5) The quantified causalities from LKIF reveal the driving mechanism of ENSO/IOD on SPI3, supporting the findings above. These results lead to the potential for improving seasonal drought prediction, which is further discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue El Niño-Southern Oscillation Related Extreme Events)
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