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Applied Sciences
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Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration and Management (Volume II)
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Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration and Management (Volume II)

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 13420

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam

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Guest Editor
Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: power system operation and planning; microgrids and active energy networks; energy markets and analytics; operations research and its applications to energy systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Smart Energy Systems Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Interests: smart energy systems, machine learning, uncertainty management, decision making, renewable energy sources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Somayeh Asadi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Interests: design of energy efficient buildings; smart grid; food–water–energy nexus; integrate advanced–sustainable materials and nanomaterials; life cycle assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Shahidehpour

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Armour College of Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
Interests: energy systems operation and planning; microgrids; energy hubs; sustainable energy integration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy systems worldwide are undergoing a major transformation as a consequence of the transition towards the widespread use of clean and sustainable energy sources. Basically, this involves massive changes in technical and organizational levels together with tremendous technological upgrades in different sectors ranging from energy generation and transmission systems down to distribution systems. These actions are part of a huge scientific field and constitute engineering challenges, leading to demands for expert knowledge to create solutions for a sustainable energy system that is economically, environmentally, and socially viable, while meeting high security requirements.

This Special Issue will cover these promising and dynamic areas of research and development and will allow the gathering of contributions in sustainable energy system planning, integration, and management. This Special Issue also seeks papers to report advances in any aspect of these developments. The manuscripts should be unpublished and report significant advancements.

Prof. Dr. Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam
Dr. Behnam Mohammadi-ivatloo
Dr. Somayeh Asadi
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Shahidehpour
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Renewable energy-based generation systems
  • Sustainable energy integration especially for dispersed and small capacity sources or even small networks (e.g., microgrids)
  • Micro- and nano-energy systems and technologies
  • Dynamic optimization with uncertainly in sustainable energy systems
  • Optimal operations and control of sustainable energy systems
  • Innovative perspectives on systems of sustainable consumption and production
  • Economic and environment friendly dispatch with renewables
  • Energy harvesting
  • Intelligent methods in sustainable power and energy systems
  • Real-time emissions and environmental impact analysis
  • Zero waste
  • Energy- efficient and zero energy buildings
  • Sustainability metrics in energy systems
  • Sustainable computing systems and applications
  • Energy conversion, conservation, and management
  • Hybrid/combined/integrated energy systems for multi-generation
  • Energy systems modelling for sustainable planning
  • Energy efficiency and technology
  • Sustainable/gGreen energy
  • Design and development of sustainable energy supply systems
  • Multi-energy systems

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 173 KiB  
Editorial
Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration and Management (Volume II)
by Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, Behnam Mohammadi-ivatloo, Somayeh Asadi and Mohammad Shahidehpour
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 10914; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122110914 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 826
Abstract
Affordable and clean energy is one of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) introduced by the United Nations that are required to be followed by all developed and developing countries [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration and Management (Volume II))

Research

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23 pages, 1250 KiB  
Article
Demand Response Requirements from the Cultural, Social, and Behavioral Perspectives
by Mohammadreza Shekari, Hamidreza Arasteh, Alireza Sheikhi Fini and Vahid Vahidinasab
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11456; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311456 - 03 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2484
Abstract
Demand-side response programs, commonly known as demand response (DR), are interesting ways to attract consumers’ participation to improve electric consumption patterns. Customers are encouraged to modify their usage patterns in reaction to price increases through DR programs. When wholesale market prices are high [...] Read more.
Demand-side response programs, commonly known as demand response (DR), are interesting ways to attract consumers’ participation to improve electric consumption patterns. Customers are encouraged to modify their usage patterns in reaction to price increases through DR programs. When wholesale market prices are high or network reliability is at risk, DR can help to establish a balance between electricity generation and consumption by providing incentives or considering penalties. The overall objective of adopting DR programs is to increase network reliability and decrease operational costs. Nevertheless, the successful deployment of DR programs requires a set of conditions without which no success can be guaranteed. Implementing DR programs and achieving customers’ optimal power consumption behavior could be obtained through technical methods, such as using smart home appliances and big data techniques. However, even if each of these approaches is correctly implemented, they are not able to address all aspects of the problem. The findings of several studies demonstrate that, in addition to technical and economic concerns, social, cultural, and behavioral variables play a significant role in DR implementation. Therefore, this paper investigated the social, cultural, and behavioral variables as critical requirements for implementing DR programs. Furthermore, a theoretical framework and an analytical model of the elements impacting the electricity consumption are introduced that should be considered by the planners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration and Management (Volume II))
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18 pages, 4893 KiB  
Article
Optimal Techno-Economic Planning of a Smart Parking Lot—Combined Heat, Hydrogen, and Power (SPL-CHHP)-Based Microgrid in the Active Distribution Network
by Hamed Hosseinnia, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo and Mousa Mohammadpourfard
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 8043; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11178043 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1548
Abstract
By installing distributed generation (DG) sources in a distribution system, there is a change from the inactive state, accompanied by one-way power flow, to the active state, with the possibility of bilateral power flow. Authorities involved in the electricity industry manage the consumption [...] Read more.
By installing distributed generation (DG) sources in a distribution system, there is a change from the inactive state, accompanied by one-way power flow, to the active state, with the possibility of bilateral power flow. Authorities involved in the electricity industry manage the consumption side by bringing in particular programs called demand response programs. To implement these programs, it is crucial to create infrastructure, including the installation of smart measuring units in the consumption sector. In this paper, we investigate the optimal design of smart meters and combined hydrogen, heat, and power in the active distribution system to provide two functions aimed at reducing voltage drop and minimizing the total planning costs by taking different scenarios into account. In the combined hydrogen, heat, and power (CHHP)-based DGs, due to the low efficiency of the electrolyzer, its power is supplied by a smart parking lot (including wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, and batteries). To model the unit’s uncertainties, a long short-time memory (LSTM) model is employed. Utilizing the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), a state that enhances both functions is acquired from different scenarios. All of the simulations are carried out in two 33-bus systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration and Management (Volume II))
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17 pages, 5398 KiB  
Article
Seven Level Voltage Source Converter Based Static Synchronous Compensator with a Constant DC-Link Voltage
by L. Narayana Gadupudi, Gudapati Sambasiva Rao, Ramesh Devarapalli and Fausto Pedro García Márquez
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7330; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167330 - 09 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1693
Abstract
Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) controllers are important to enhance the quality of power in power systems. The stability of a system is achieved via a FACTS device (a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)). This paper aims to control the losses in the [...] Read more.
Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) controllers are important to enhance the quality of power in power systems. The stability of a system is achieved via a FACTS device (a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)). This paper aims to control the losses in the transmission system during peak energy demand circumstances with minimal losses in the economical and functional efficiency of the system. The STATCOM operation of a seven level voltage source converter (VSC) with binary-weighted transformers is proposed for controlling the reactive power variations and terminal voltage changes at dynamic circumstances in the transmission system. The STATCOM is operated at 132 kV and is a 50 Hz AC system with a single DC-Link capacitance and two VSC power circuits. Each VSC circuit consists of three H-bridges with specific switching angle control in order to achieve low total harmonic distortion at the fundamental frequency. The coupled control circuit phenomenon is imperative for computing the switching angle for a stable performance. The dynamic functional improvement efficiency is harvested with a minimum number of switches and transformers used in high voltage and high-power applications. The number of switches, transformers, and capacitors for 132 kV are optimized with a proposed STATCOM operation in seven level VSC with binary-weighted transformers. The simulated results prove that the proposed model significantly improved system performance and stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration and Management (Volume II))
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23 pages, 7534 KiB  
Article
Low-Carbon Economic Bi-Level Optimal Dispatching of an Integrated Power and Natural Gas Energy System Considering Carbon Trading
by Hong Li, Yazhong Ye and Lanxin Lin
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 6968; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156968 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1710
Abstract
The integrated power and natural gas energy system (IPGES) is of great significance to promote the coordination and complementarity of multi-energy flow, and it is an important carrier to increase the proportion of wind power accommodation and achieve the goal of carbon emission [...] Read more.
The integrated power and natural gas energy system (IPGES) is of great significance to promote the coordination and complementarity of multi-energy flow, and it is an important carrier to increase the proportion of wind power accommodation and achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction. In this paper, firstly, the reward and punishment ladder-type carbon trading model is constructed, and the impact of the carbon trading mechanisms on the carbon emission sources in the power system is comparatively analyzed. Secondly, in order to achieve a reasonable allocation of carbon resources in IPGES, a bi-level optimization model is established while taking into account the economics of dispatching and the requirements of carbon emission reduction. Among them, the outer layer is the optimal carbon price solution model considering carbon trading; in the inner layer, considering the power system constraints, natural gas system constraints, and coupling element operation constraints, a stochastic optimal dispatching model of IPGES based on scenario analysis is established. Scenario generation and reduction methods are used to deal with the uncertainty of wind power, and the inner model is processed as a mixed integer linear programming problem. In the MATLAB environment, program the dichotomy and call the Gurobi optimization solver to complete the interactive solution of the inner and outer models. Finally, case studies that use an integrated IEEE 39-bus power system and Belgian 20-node gas system demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed model and optimization method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration and Management (Volume II))
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Review

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20 pages, 297 KiB  
Review
Cybersecurity of Microgrid: State-of-the-Art Review and Possible Directions of Future Research
by Norziana Jamil, Qais Saif Qassim, Farah Aqilah Bohani, Muhamad Mansor and Vigna Kumaran Ramachandaramurthy
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 9812; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219812 - 20 Oct 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4076
Abstract
The infrastructure of and processes involved in a microgrid electrical system require advanced technology to facilitate connection among its various components in order to provide the intelligence and automation that can benefit users. As a consequence, the microgrid has vulnerabilities that can expose [...] Read more.
The infrastructure of and processes involved in a microgrid electrical system require advanced technology to facilitate connection among its various components in order to provide the intelligence and automation that can benefit users. As a consequence, the microgrid has vulnerabilities that can expose it to a wide range of attacks. If they are not adequately addressed, these vulnerabilities may have a destructive impact on a country’s critical infrastructure and economy. While the impact of exploiting vulnerabilities in them is understood, research on the cybersecurity of microgrids is inadequate. This paper provides a comprehensive review of microgrid cybersecurity. In particular, it (1) reviews the state-of-the-art microgrid electrical systems, communication protocols, standards, and vulnerabilities while highlighting prevalent solutions to cybersecurity-related issues in them; (2) provides recommendations to enhance the security of these systems by segregating layers of the microgrid, and (3) identifies the gap in research in the area, and suggests directions for future work to enhance the cybersecurity of microgrids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration and Management (Volume II))
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