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Improvement of Composite Components Performances according to Damage Tolerant Design...
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Improvement of Composite Components Performances according to Damage Tolerant Design Philosophies

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 8502

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Angela Russo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, CE, Italy
Interests: composite materials; damage tolerance; delamination; buckling; fracture mechanics; fatigue; crack bridging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Aniello Riccio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
Interests: composite materials; damage tolerance; delamination; fatigue; impact damage; crashworthiness; fuselages
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well known that the excellent mechanical properties of composites make them one of the most widely used innovative materials in the manufacture of structural components in all fields of industrial engineering. Although much progress has been achieved, gaining an understanding of their damage behaviour still poses challenge. The difficulty in predicting the damage initiation and controlling its evolution in composite structures has led to over-conservative designs, resulting in consequences for the parameters of weight reduction and load-bearing performance. Hence, to make the composites affordable in structural application, damage-tolerant design approaches need to be promoted.

This Special Issue is devoted to the development of methods for the design of composite structures with damage tolerance constraints. Articles regarding analytical, numerical and experimental research aiming at improving the performance of composite components, optimising the weight and reducing the overall design costs and time are welcome.

Dr. Angela Russo
Prof. Dr. Aniello Riccio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 8412 KiB  
Article
Delamination Assessment in Composite Laminates through Local Impulse Excitation Technique (IET)
by Carlo Boursier Niutta, Pierpaolo Padula, Andrea Tridello, Marco Boccaccio, Francesco Acerra and Davide S. Paolino
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 3023; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14073023 - 03 Apr 2024
Viewed by 372
Abstract
This paper deals with an innovative nondestructive technique for composites (local-IET), which is based on the Impulse Excitation Technique (IET) and, in the presence of damage, assesses the degradation of the elastic properties of a local region of the laminate by reversibly clamping [...] Read more.
This paper deals with an innovative nondestructive technique for composites (local-IET), which is based on the Impulse Excitation Technique (IET) and, in the presence of damage, assesses the degradation of the elastic properties of a local region of the laminate by reversibly clamping its boundaries. In this paper, a numerical analysis of the sensitivity of the local-IET to the delamination damage mechanism is conducted. Firstly, a Finite Element (FE) model of the local-IET test is determined through experimental investigations on undamaged composite laminates, which cover a wide range and are made of glass or carbon fibers, through resin infusion or pre-preg consolidation and with unidirectional or fabric textures. The vibrational response of a glass fiber composite with local delamination is then assessed with the local-IET. By modeling the delamination in the simulation environment, the effectiveness of the FE model in replicating the vibrational response, even in the presence of delamination, is shown through a comparison with the experimental results. Finally, the FE model is exploited to perform a sensitivity analysis, showing that the technique is able to detect the presence of delamination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of Composite Components Performances according to Damage Tolerant Design Philosophies)
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16 pages, 4818 KiB  
Article
Concrete Composites Based on Quaternary Blended Cements with a Reduced Width of Initial Microcracks
by Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 7338; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13127338 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 1034
Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the combined effect of siliceous fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), and nanosilica (nS) on the cement matrix morphology and size of microcracks occurring in the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) between the coarse aggregate and [...] Read more.
This article is devoted to the study of the combined effect of siliceous fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), and nanosilica (nS) on the cement matrix morphology and size of microcracks occurring in the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) between the coarse aggregate and the cement paste of concrete composites based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The manuscript contains analyses of width of microcracks (Wc) occurring in the ITZ area of concretes based on quaternary blended cements and changes in ITZ morphology in the concretes in question. Experiments were planned for four types of concrete. Three of them were composites based on quaternary blended cements (QBC), while the fourth was reference concrete (REF). Based on the observations of the matrices of individual composites, it was found that the REF concrete was characterized by the most heterogeneous structure. However, substitution of part of the cement binder with active pozzolanic additives resulted in a more compact and homogenous structure of the cement matrix in each of the QBC series concretes. Moreover, when analyzing the average Wc values, it should be stated that the modification of the basic structure of the cement matrix present in the REF concrete resulted in a significant reduction of the analyzed parameter in all concretes of the QBC series. For QBC-1, QBC-2, and QBC-3, the Wc values were 0.70 μm, 0.59 μm, and 0.79 μm, respectively, indicating a decrease of 38%, almost 48%, and 30%, respectively, compared with the working condition of concrete without additives. On the basis of the above results, it can therefore be concluded that the proposed modification of the binder composition in the analyzed materials clearly leads to homogenization of the composite structure and limitation of initial internal damages in concrete. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of Composite Components Performances according to Damage Tolerant Design Philosophies)
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18 pages, 10978 KiB  
Article
Delamination Effect on the Buckling Behaviour of Carbon–Epoxy Composite Typical Aeronautical Panels
by Aniello Riccio, Rossana Castaldo, Concetta Palumbo and Angela Russo
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4358; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074358 - 29 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1097
Abstract
The instability of structures due to compression is one of the most critical issues related to aircraft components. Especially in composite materials, which have poor out-of-plane mechanical properties, the buckling load must be assessed to ensure that the structures are within the safe [...] Read more.
The instability of structures due to compression is one of the most critical issues related to aircraft components. Especially in composite materials, which have poor out-of-plane mechanical properties, the buckling load must be assessed to ensure that the structures are within the safe limits compared to the operating loads. In the presence of delamination, the compression instability of structures becomes catastrophic, as the propagation of delamination can dramatically reduce the stiffness of the structure almost instantaneously. During the operational life of composite aircraft components, one of the most common events that can occur is low-velocity impact with foreign objects, which is one of the primary reasons for delamination. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis is presented on a typical aerospace reinforced panel with a circular delamination, representative of an impact damage. Different configurations have been analysed, varying the radius and position along the thickness of the delamination. Furthermore, some geometric parameters of the panel have been modified to evaluate how the buckling load and the propagation of interlaminar damage evolve. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of Composite Components Performances according to Damage Tolerant Design Philosophies)
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21 pages, 10956 KiB  
Article
Mechanical and Conductive Behavior of Graphite Filled Polysulfone-Based Composites
by Hussam Mohammad, Andrey A. Stepashkin, Alexander I. Laptev and Victor V. Tcherdyntsev
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010542 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1472
Abstract
Polysulfone-based composite materials filled with artificial, natural, or thermally expanded graphite have been investigated. Composite materials with filling degrees between 30 and 70 wt.% were prepared using solution technology. High filling levels with graphite fillers allowed for the achievement of thermal conductivity of [...] Read more.
Polysulfone-based composite materials filled with artificial, natural, or thermally expanded graphite have been investigated. Composite materials with filling degrees between 30 and 70 wt.% were prepared using solution technology. High filling levels with graphite fillers allowed for the achievement of thermal conductivity of 7.35 W/m · K and electrical conductivity of 52.9 S/cm. The use of natural graphite has been found to have the greatest impact on thermal and electrical characteristics, while materials with dispersed artificial graphite exhibit the best mechanical properties. Evolution of samples’ density and porosity with the filling degree as well as the effect of these parameters on the conductive properties have been analyzed and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of Composite Components Performances according to Damage Tolerant Design Philosophies)
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15 pages, 6865 KiB  
Article
Failure Propagation Controlling for Frangible Composite Canister Design
by Aniello Smarrazzo, Michele Guida, Francesco Marulo, Massimo Coppola and Raffaele Molitierno
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12220; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312220 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1122
Abstract
The complexity in predicting the damage initiation and failure propagation controlling in composite structures is challenging. The focus of this paper is to design a potential component for new ship gunnels to make the composite canister affordable in structural applications by using a [...] Read more.
The complexity in predicting the damage initiation and failure propagation controlling in composite structures is challenging. The focus of this paper is to design a potential component for new ship gunnels to make the composite canister affordable in structural applications by using a damage tolerant design approach. The design of a new tailgate configuration was investigated, taking into account the correct fragmentation of the structure to ensure a clear ejection while reducing the weight of the panels by exploiting the properties of the composite material. The complex geometry of the tailgate, the high impulse load, the energy transferred to the tailgate during missile impact, and how to safely break large panel flaps are elements that characterize the sizing of the composite component to meet the stringent ejection requirements in the life cycle of a missile during takeoff. The numerical simulations were performed using the LS/Dyna code and its explicit formulation was contemplated to take into account the geometrical, contact, and material non linearities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of Composite Components Performances according to Damage Tolerant Design Philosophies)
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13 pages, 1823 KiB  
Article
Natural Element Static and Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Porous Composite Plates
by Jin-Rae Cho
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11648; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211648 - 16 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1093
Abstract
The static bending and free vibration of functionally graded (FG) porous plates were analyzed by a 2D natural element method (NEM). Recent studies on FG materials considered the porosity because micropores and porosity were observed during the fabrication of FG materials owing to [...] Read more.
The static bending and free vibration of functionally graded (FG) porous plates were analyzed by a 2D natural element method (NEM). Recent studies on FG materials considered the porosity because micropores and porosity were observed during the fabrication of FG materials owing to the difference in solidification temperatures. However, the mechanical responses of FG porous plates were not sufficiently revealed, and furthermore most numerical studies relied on the finite element method. Motivated by this situation, this study intended to investigate the combined effects of material composition and porosity distributions and plate thickness on the static bending and free vibration responses of ceramic–metal FG plates using 2D NEM incorporated with the (3,3,2) hierarchical model. The proposed numerical method is verified from the comparison with the reference such that the maximum relative difference is 5.336%. Five different porosity distributions are considered and the central deflection and the fundamental frequency of ceramic–metal FG porous plates are parametrically investigated with respect to the combination of the porosity parameter, the ceramic volume fraction index, and the width–thickness (w/t) ratio and to the boundary condition. The ranges of three parameters were set to 0–0.5 for the porosity, 0–0.6 for the ceramic volume fraction, and 3–20 for the width–thickness ratio. It was found from the numerical experiments that the static and free vibration responses of ceramic–metal FG porous plates are significantly affected by these parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of Composite Components Performances according to Damage Tolerant Design Philosophies)
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Review

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39 pages, 1740 KiB  
Review
Stress-Constrained Topology Optimization for Commercial Software: A Python Implementation for ABAQUS®
by Pedro Fernandes, Àlex Ferrer, Paulo Gonçalves, Marco Parente, Ricardo Pinto and Nuno Correia
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(23), 12916; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312916 - 02 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1492
Abstract
Topology optimization has evidenced its capacity to provide new optimal designs in many different disciplines. However, most novel methods are difficult to apply in commercial software, limiting their use in the academic field and hindering their application in the industry. This article presents [...] Read more.
Topology optimization has evidenced its capacity to provide new optimal designs in many different disciplines. However, most novel methods are difficult to apply in commercial software, limiting their use in the academic field and hindering their application in the industry. This article presents a new open methodology for solving geometrically complex non-self-adjoint topology optimization problems, including stress-constrained and stress minimization formulations, using validated FEM commercial software. The methodology was validated by comparing the sensitivity analysis with the results obtained through finite differences and solving two benchmark problems with the following optimizers: Optimality Criteria, Method of Moving Asymptotes, Sequential Least-Squares Quadratic Programming (SLSQP), and Trust-constr optimization algorithms. The SLSQP and Trust-constr optimization algorithms obtained better results in stress-minimization problem statements than the methodology available in ABAQUS®. A Python implementation of this methodology is proposed, working in conjunction with the commercial software ABAQUS® 2023 to allow a straightforward application to new problems while benefiting from a graphic user interface and validated finite element solver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of Composite Components Performances according to Damage Tolerant Design Philosophies)
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