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New Trends in Antennas and Propagation: Theory, Material, Technology, and...
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New Trends in Antennas and Propagation: Theory, Material, Technology, and Applications for Future Systems

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2024 | Viewed by 3250

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ramiro Samano Robles

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Investigação em Sistemas Confiáveis e de Tempo-Real, Porto, Portugal
Interests: distributed mimo; RFID; Internet of Things (IoT); radio-over-fibre distributed antenna systems; cooperative systems; cognitive radio
Dr. Jianxing Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information and Commnuications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: multi-functional microwave; mmWave passive components; wireless power transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wireless applications are proliferating around the world, providing pervasive connectivity to an exponentially increasing number of objects with embedded processing capabilities. A new wave of stringent connectivity requirements is emerging from applications related to critical infrastructure, such as autonomous vehicles, drones, industrial machines, and remotely controlled robots. A fundamental part of all wireless technologies is the antenna system, which is in control of efficiently transforming the radiation energy to/from the signal processed/generated by the radio circuit units. The field of antennas and propagation is expected to experience a new revolution, sparked by the need for greater bandwidths, higher energetic efficiency, reduced latency, enhanced reliability, and higher security. This revolution includes novel sustainable fabrication techniques, joint propagation–antenna design and control, and new design and optimization tools, such as artificial intelligence. The applications of antennas range from body area networks, identification, positioning, satellite transmission, beamforming, remote control, sensing and operation.

Future wireless systems for 6G attempt to not only control the transmit/reception chain, as in legacy systems, but also control the propagation environment by using intelligent surfaces that can modify the induced/reflected waves and therefore achieve a new limit in capacity and efficiency. Antenna technology is expected to be exploited to new levels with such intelligent reflecting surfaces. We also expect to see a greater interaction between antenna design technologies and propagation characteristics, particularly in light of the future generation systems aiming to modify and optimize both approaches.

This Special Issue addresses the new trends in antenna system design, as well as propagation issues that have an impact on antenna design considering the evolution of these systems towards application in multiple areas, ranging from identification, detection, mobility, satellite, broadband transmission, low-power sensor design, RFID, the Internet of Things, etc. This Special Issue welcomes the contribution of articles that address the following areas of interest:

  • Innovative materials and fabrication process of antennas
  • Electromagnetic design of antennas
  • Reflective intelligent surfaces
  • AI for antenna design
  • Vehicular propagation modelling for multiple antennas
  • Cooperative MIMO
  • V2v MIMO channel modelling
  • Shaped surfaces
  • V2x applications of antennas
  • Patch antenna design
  • THz communications
  • Antenna optimization
  • Cellular system design
  • Massive MIMO
  • Antenna design for millimeter wave bands
  • Beamforming algorithms
  • Interference cancellation techniques

Dr. Ramiro Samano Robles
Dr. Jianxing Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 19555 KiB  
Article
Numerically Optimized Fourier Transform-Based Beamforming Accelerated by Neural Networks
by Keivan Kaboutari, Abdelghafour Abraray and Stanislav Maslovski
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2866; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072866 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 440
Abstract
Conventional beamforming methods for reconfigurable reflector antennas assume full control over the amplitude and phase of the reflected field. Here, we develop a novel beamforming methodology for reflecting Programmable Metasurfaces (PMS) with capacitive memory. Although utilizing such fully reactive PMS simplifies antenna design [...] Read more.
Conventional beamforming methods for reconfigurable reflector antennas assume full control over the amplitude and phase of the reflected field. Here, we develop a novel beamforming methodology for reflecting Programmable Metasurfaces (PMS) with capacitive memory. Although utilizing such fully reactive PMS simplifies antenna design and reduces energy consumption, the PMS reflection magnitude is unity and thus a global optimization of the reflection phases over the PMS unit cells is required in each beamforming scenario. We propose an implementation of such an optimization method rooted in the traditional Fourier transform-based beamforming and evaluate its performance. Additionally, we show that a pair of trained feed-forward neural networks (FFNN) with one input, one hidden, and one output layer can replace time-consuming global optimizations in the case of a PMS comprising 3×10 unit cells. We train the FFNNs on a dataset obtained for typical single- and dual-beam beamforming scenarios. After training, the FFNNs perform requested beamforming tasks within a fraction of second and with about the same accuracy as the original optimization algorithm. The proposed methodology may find applications in future mobile telecommunication systems that require real-time beamforming on low-end hardware. The same beamforming methodology can be also employed in short-range wireless power transfer systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Antennas and Propagation: Theory, Material, Technology, and Applications for Future Systems)
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20 pages, 13093 KiB  
Article
Duration of Rainfall Fades in GeoSurf Satellite Constellations
by Emilio Matricciani and Carlo Riva
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1865; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051865 - 24 Feb 2024
Viewed by 411
Abstract
We have studied the stochastic processes A and B concerning fade durations due to rain, by simulating attenuation time series A(t) (dB) in the zenith paths of GeoSurf satellite constellations, at sites located in different climatic regions, with the Synthetic [...] Read more.
We have studied the stochastic processes A and B concerning fade durations due to rain, by simulating attenuation time series A(t) (dB) in the zenith paths of GeoSurf satellite constellations, at sites located in different climatic regions, with the Synthetic Storm Technique. Process B gives the statistics of outages (occurrences) and process A gives the statistics of outage duration (fraction of time), for the same rain attenuation threshold A(t)>S. The two processes are not independent; therefore, we have studied the relationship between their probabilities and defined a uniformity index 0<U(S)≤1. U(S) is useful for comparing real cases–fade durations fragmented in many different intervals, with changing S and site—and the limiting case of all fades lasting the same time. As S increases, U(S) increases, approaching 1 at very large thresholds. These results should guide the designers of satellite constellations to consider the impact of A(t) on diverse communications services. Process B (occurrences) impacts mainly on non–real-time services, such as data delivery, more disturbed by the number of outages rather than by their duration. Process A (fraction of time) impacts mainly on real–time services such as television, video conference etc., more disturbed by the duration of the outage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Antennas and Propagation: Theory, Material, Technology, and Applications for Future Systems)
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15 pages, 9888 KiB  
Article
A Novel Approach to the Production of Printed Patch Antennas
by Miroslav Popela, Jana Olivová, Zdeněk Plíva, Leoš Petržílka, Michaela Krchová, Zdeněk Joska and Přemysl Janů
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 1556; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041556 - 15 Feb 2024
Viewed by 830
Abstract
This paper presents the manufacturing of a patch antenna using an advanced 3D printing technology called lights-out digital additive manufacturing (LDM). This 3D LDM printing technology is mainly used for printing circuit boards (PCBs); however, it has also been used to print a [...] Read more.
This paper presents the manufacturing of a patch antenna using an advanced 3D printing technology called lights-out digital additive manufacturing (LDM). This 3D LDM printing technology is mainly used for printing circuit boards (PCBs); however, it has also been used to print a patch antenna from conductive (CI) and dielectric ink (DI). This 3D LDM-printed antenna was compared with antennas on different dielectric substrates (Arlon 25N and FR4). The obtained results are compared and analyzed in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Antennas and Propagation: Theory, Material, Technology, and Applications for Future Systems)
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12 pages, 5664 KiB  
Article
Low-Profile Dual-Polarized Antenna Integrated with Horn and Vivaldi Antenna in Millimeter-Wave Band
by Xiaoyan Yu, Jianxing Li, Jianping Hu, Yuan Yao, Jianwu Li and Sen Yan
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9627; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179627 - 25 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1094
Abstract
In this paper, a dual-polarized antenna based on a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna and Vivaldi antenna is proposed. The horizontal polarization (HP) is achieved by using the H-plane SIW horn antenna, while the vertical polarization (VP) is realized by a typical [...] Read more.
In this paper, a dual-polarized antenna based on a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna and Vivaldi antenna is proposed. The horizontal polarization (HP) is achieved by using the H-plane SIW horn antenna, while the vertical polarization (VP) is realized by a typical Vivaldi antenna etched on the surface of the SIW horn antenna. In front of the horn aperture, a dielectric lens is designed to optimize impedance matching and enhance directivity. Different feeding structures of the two polarizations are used to enhance the isolation between the two ports. The measured results demonstrate a 20.04–25.5 GHz (23.97%) overlapped dual-polarized impedance bandwidth, and the measured maximum gains of the HP and VP are 5.2 dBi and 8.2 dBi, respectively. A good isolation of 35 dB within the operating band is realized. The proposed dual-polarized antenna meets the demand to transmit and receive signals in two polarization directions simultaneously for wireless communication well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Antennas and Propagation: Theory, Material, Technology, and Applications for Future Systems)
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