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Advances in Cement-Based Materials
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Advances in Cement-Based Materials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 7826

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Chao-Wei Tang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengching Rd., Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan
2. Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengching Rd., Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan
3. Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengching Rd., Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan
Interests: concrete materials; lightweight aggregate concrete; neural networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cement-based materials refer to materials with new properties obtained by combining the hardened cement paste formed by the hydration and hardening of cement and water as the matrix and other various inorganic, metal, and organic materials. This material has been widely used in civil construction projects and is an indispensable and important element in modern society.

The aim of this Special Issue is to showcase the latest research and advances in the field of cement-based materials. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and short communications are welcome. Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Properties of cement-based materials;
  • Hydration and microstructure formation;
  • Admixtures and additives;
  • Innovative concepts to improve mechanical properties;
  • Fire resistance;
  • Production of durable and high-performance cement-based materials;
  • Material design for enhanced durability;
  • Special purpose concrete (lightweight concrete and polymer cement concrete).

Prof. Dr. Chao-Wei Tang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydration
  • microstructure
  • admixtures
  • fresh properties
  • mechanical properties
  • fire resistance
  • durability

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3094 KiB  
Article
Properties of Fine-Grained Cement Composites, with a Special Emphasis on Cement Screeds in Floor Constructions
by Rada Radulović, Ljubo Marković, Vladimir Radojičić, Kristina Božić Tomić and Nikola Gvozdović
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2791; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072791 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 375
Abstract
Through experimental research and theoretical analysis, this study primarily aimed to compare the behavior of cement screeds made in a traditional manner with those made with the addition of microreinforcement. The study also explored the possibility of using electrofilter ash as a component [...] Read more.
Through experimental research and theoretical analysis, this study primarily aimed to compare the behavior of cement screeds made in a traditional manner with those made with the addition of microreinforcement. The study also explored the possibility of using electrofilter ash as a component of screeds, examining the advantages and disadvantages of partial substitution of cement with fly ash. The contribution of this article is the experimental research on the characteristics of fresh and hardened cement composites, as well as the parameters influencing the structure and behavior of cement screeds during their use. It has been determined that by using electrofilter ash as a partial replacement for cement, satisfactory values of physical–mechanical and deformation characteristics of fine-grained cement composite can be achieved. Through analysis of the obtained results and influential parameters of these composites, the optimal design approach has been explored. This relevant information could potentially provide reliable recommendations to designers and contractors for the production of quality and durable cement screeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cement-Based Materials)
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26 pages, 4938 KiB  
Article
Toughness of Natural Hydraulic Lime Fibre-Reinforced Mortars for Masonry Strengthening Overlay Systems
by João A. P. P. Almeida, Joaquim A. O. Barros and Eduardo N. B. Pereira
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1947; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051947 - 27 Feb 2024
Viewed by 446
Abstract
Masonry structures are susceptible to damage and collapse due to seismic actions, a problem in many urban areas. To address this issue, researchers are studying the use of fibre-reinforced mortars as overlay strengthening systems. This study assessed the use of synthetic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [...] Read more.
Masonry structures are susceptible to damage and collapse due to seismic actions, a problem in many urban areas. To address this issue, researchers are studying the use of fibre-reinforced mortars as overlay strengthening systems. This study assessed the use of synthetic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres as reinforcement of natural hydraulic lime mortar, focusing on their influence on fresh behaviour and mechanical properties. Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) was chosen for its compatibility with typical older ceramic and natural stone structural masonry and contemporary ceramic brick infill masonry substrates, as well as for the sustainability benefits. The study also assessed the contribution of the PAN fibres to toughness enhancement in the developed formulations. The fresh behaviour of fibre-reinforced mortar (FRM) was found to be adequate for applications with fibre volume fractions below 0.50%. The compressive and flexural strengths were affected differently by the increase in fibre volume fraction, with compressive strength decreasing and flexural strength increasing. The maximum compressive strength of 13.3 MPa was obtained for 0.25% of fibres, while for flexural strength a maximum of 6.70 MPa was achieved with 1.00% of fibres. The compressive and flexural toughness, related to the post-cracking responses, increased with the fibre fraction, and even for fractions as low as 0.25%, an important increment of the capacity to dissipate energy was achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cement-Based Materials)
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19 pages, 971 KiB  
Article
Influence on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Crushed Hazelnut Shell
by Nicole Gálvez Cartagena, Grissel Muñoz Araya, Sergio J. Yanez, Sandra González Sepúlveda and Juan Carlos Pina
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(22), 12159; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212159 - 09 Nov 2023
Viewed by 799
Abstract
Concrete production requires a significant amount of natural resources, with aggregates comprising between 55% and 80% of the total volume. However, the over-exploitation of natural aggregates has led to the exploration of alternative materials for use in concrete production. In this study, crushed [...] Read more.
Concrete production requires a significant amount of natural resources, with aggregates comprising between 55% and 80% of the total volume. However, the over-exploitation of natural aggregates has led to the exploration of alternative materials for use in concrete production. In this study, crushed hazelnut shells were investigated as a partial replacement for fine aggregate, addressing the problem of natural resource depletion and offering a second use for this important agricultural waste product available in Chile. Hazelnut shells were incorporated in percentages of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% by weight of sand for water/cement ratios of 0.4 and 0.5. The compressive strength at 7 and 28 days and bending strength at 28 days were determined, alongside physical properties such as the workability, temperature, air content, fresh density, and hardened density of the concrete. Our findings showed that replacing 2.5% of the fine aggregate with hazelnut shells led to a higher compressive strength at 28 days, exceeding the strength of the standard specimens by 9.5%, whereas replacing 5% of the fine aggregate led to the highest bending strength, exceeding the strength of the standard specimens by 3.5%. Moreover, the 0.4 w/c ratio consistently led to better results for both compressive and bending strength, with fewer and lower reductions in mechanical strength compared to the standard mixture. Our results suggest that concrete mixes with hazelnut shells as a replacement for fine aggregate at a percentage of up to 2.5% can be used in construction systems with a compression strength lower than 17 MPa, and mixtures with up to 10% hazelnut shell replacement can be used in structures with tensile bending stress requirements lower than 6 MPa. Overall, the use of hazelnut shells as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete production presents an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for the construction industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cement-Based Materials)
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12 pages, 3356 KiB  
Article
Influence Mechanism of the Interfacial Water Content on Adhesive Behavior in Calcium Silicate Hydrate−Silicon Dioxide Systems: Molecular Dynamics Simulations
by Bin Ma, Yunfan Chu, Xiaolin Huang and Bai Yang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7930; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137930 - 06 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 943
Abstract
The performance indicators of concrete are mainly determined by the interface characteristics between cement hydration slurry and aggregates. In this study, molecular dynamics technology was used to evaluate the effect of the interfacial water content on the evolution of the interface structure, interaction [...] Read more.
The performance indicators of concrete are mainly determined by the interface characteristics between cement hydration slurry and aggregates. In this study, molecular dynamics technology was used to evaluate the effect of the interfacial water content on the evolution of the interface structure, interaction energy, and mechanical properties of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) systems, and the weakening mechanism of the C-S-H/SiO2 interface in a humid environment was revealed. The results showed that all stress–strain curves of C-S-H/SiO2 were divided into the elastic stage and the failure stage. As the interfacial water layer thickened, the molecular weight of the water invading the C-S-H gradually increased, and the desorption of Ca2+ ions in the surface region became significant, while the amount of Ca2+ ions entering the water-layer region increased. The interaction energy of the C-S-H/SiO2 progressively became larger, and the energy ratio (ER) significantly decreased; the tensile strength σc and residual strength σr of C-S-H/SiO2 both showed a downward trend. In summary, a lower water content had a limited impact on the interfacial bonding strength, while the weakening effect enhanced with an increase in the interfacial water content. This phenomenon was also demonstrated in concrete interfacial bond strength experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cement-Based Materials)
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20 pages, 9160 KiB  
Article
A Feasibility Study on Textile Sludge as a Raw Material for Sintering Lightweight Aggregates and Its Application in Concrete
by How-Ji Chen, Wen-Tse Chang, Chao-Wei Tang and Ching-Fang Peng
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(11), 6395; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116395 - 24 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1224
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of textile sludge as a raw material for sintering lightweight aggregates (LWAs) and its application in concrete. Three samples of different components were taken from the textile sludge, which came from different textile factories in Taiwan. [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of textile sludge as a raw material for sintering lightweight aggregates (LWAs) and its application in concrete. Three samples of different components were taken from the textile sludge, which came from different textile factories in Taiwan. The analysis of the chemical composition of the sludge shows that the total content of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 in the textile sludge was far lower than the recommended value in the literature, and that glassy melt could not be produced and sintered into LWAs alone. Therefore, the water purification sludge obtained from a water purification plant owned by the Taiwan Water Supply Company was used as the main raw material, and the textile sludge was used as the auxiliary raw material in addition amounts of 7.5%, 15.0%, and 22.5%. The test results showed that the LWAs sintered by adding textile sludge to water purification sludge could reach the particle density that is generally required for LWAs (between 0.2 and 1.8 g/cm3). The 14-day compressive strength of the lightweight aggregate concrete made from textile-sludge-based LWAs was between 20 and 25 MPa. This means that textile-sludge-based LWAs can be used in secondary structural concrete. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cement-Based Materials)
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13 pages, 2824 KiB  
Article
Study on the Properties of Cement-Based Cementitious Materials Modified by Nano-CaCO3
by Chonggen Pan, Jiawei Zang, Keyu Chen and Jingge Ren
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2451; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042451 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1490
Abstract
The effects of Nano-CaCO3 on the physical, mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials were investigated in this paper. The mechanical property, durability and SEM microscopic tests of test blocks with different Nano-CaCO3 content were carried out. Results showed [...] Read more.
The effects of Nano-CaCO3 on the physical, mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials were investigated in this paper. The mechanical property, durability and SEM microscopic tests of test blocks with different Nano-CaCO3 content were carried out. Results showed that Nano-CaCO3 could improve the flexural strength, compressive strength and impermeability of cement-based materials. When the content of Nano-CaCO3 is 2.0%, the strengthening effect of Nano-CaCO3 on the cement-based materials was optimized, and the flexural strength of cement-based materials after 3 d, 7 d and 28 d increased by 12.6%, 18% and 32.4%, respectively, compared with the reference group. When the content of Nano-CaCO3 exceeded 2.0%, the flexural strength of cement-based materials begins to decline with the increase of Nano-CaCO3 content. Similarly, when the content of Nano-CaCO3 reached 2.0%, the impermeability of the cement-based materials was also optimized, and the permeability height of the base group could be increases by 41.4%. At the early stage of hydration, the exothermic rate of cement with 2.0% Nano-CaCO3 content was higher than that of other contents. When the content of Nano-CaCO3 increased from 0 to 2.0%, the hydration exothermic rate increased gradually with the increase of Nano-CaCO3 content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cement-Based Materials)
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12 pages, 2515 KiB  
Article
Effect of Ultrafine Calcium Silicate on the Mechanical Properties of Oil Well Cement-Based Composite at Low Temperature
by Jianglin Zhu, Xiangguang Jiang, Mingbiao Xu and Jianjian Song
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12038; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312038 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1182
Abstract
A low-temperature environment will reduce the hydration rate of oil well cement-based composites, resulting in the slow development of mechanical strength, which cannot meet the requirements of cementing operations. In order to improve the early strength of cement paste under low temperature, the [...] Read more.
A low-temperature environment will reduce the hydration rate of oil well cement-based composites, resulting in the slow development of mechanical strength, which cannot meet the requirements of cementing operations. In order to improve the early strength of cement paste under low temperature, the influence of ultrafine calcium silicate powder on the rheological properties, water loss, thickening time and permeability of oil well cement-based composites was evaluated. The compressive strength, flexural strength and impact strength of cement paste with different contents of ultrafine calcium silicate were studied. The hydration process and microstructure of cement paste were analyzed by hydration heat measurement system, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results show that the ultrafine calcium silicate has a certain impact on the rheology and thickening time of cement slurry, and dispersants and retarders are required to adjust these properties when it is used. The ultrafine calcium silicate can improve the stability of cement slurry and reduce water loss and permeability. In addition, under the condition of curing at 20 °C for 24 h, the compressive strength, flexural strength and impact strength of cement paste with 8% ultrafine calcium silicate content increased by 243.0%, 278.5% and 66.3%, respectively, compared with the pure cement paste. The hydration of cement slurry is accelerated by ultrafine calcium silicate, the hydration temperature is enhanced and the heat release of hydration is increased. The ultrafine calcium silicate improves the formation degree of hydration products and makes the structure of cement paste more compact. The research results help to design a low-temperature and early-strength cement slurry system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cement-Based Materials)
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