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Antioxidants
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Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in...
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Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2022) | Viewed by 19184

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Anna Maria Fratta Pasini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress and gene expression of antioxidant signaling pathways in chronic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Luciano Cominacini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress in physiopathology and therapy of atherosclerosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Epidemiological evidence clearly shows that antioxidant phytochemicals contained in many fruits and vegetables have healthy beneficial effects and may reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases related to oxidative stress and cancer. These protective effects have been mainly attributed to polyphenols, which are plant secondary metabolites omnipresent in many parts of plants. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that polyphenols, the most abundant antioxidants in our diet, can work as antioxidants since they have an electron-donating phenolic group in their structure. Although antioxidant function has long been indicated to be pivotal in promoting their health benefits, several studies have demonstrated that many antioxidants in food provide cellular and tissue protection against oxidative damage by inducing endogenous antioxidant defenses, particularly transcription factors such as Nrf2 and kinases involved in signal transduction pathways. In spite of the fact a number of studies have demonstrated a relationship between polyphenol consumption and a decrease in risk factors for chronic diseases, disagreement in elucidating their effects has been found when bioavailability is considered. As a matter of fact, it has been shown that polyphenols have a poor bioavailability, and that their biological action may be mediated by their metabolites, which have been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory resources.

Contributions to this Special Issue may cover all research aspects related, but not limited, to studies (on humans, on animal models and in vitro) evaluating the following:

  • Beneficial effects of polyphenols in chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and some cancers;
  • Mechanisms of action of polyphenols as antioxidants;
  • Mechanisms of action of polyphenols and, in particular, of the different components on signal transduction pathways;
  • Potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of polyphenols in chronic diseases;
  • Bioavailability of the different classes of polyphenols;
  • Active metabolites of polyphenols.

Prof. Dr. Anna Maria Fratta Pasini
Prof. Dr. Luciano Cominacini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polyphenols
  • chronic diseases
  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidants
  • signal transduction
  • bioavailability
  • inflammation
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • cancer
  • neurodegenerative diseases

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

6 pages, 225 KiB  
Editorial
Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in Chronic Diseases
by Anna Maria Fratta Pasini and Luciano Cominacini
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040890 - 06 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1382
Abstract
Chronic diseases and cancer are worldwide health problems which result in death and disability for millions of people [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in Chronic Diseases)

Research

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18 pages, 1762 KiB  
Article
Effects of Phenolic-Rich Pinus densiflora Extract on Learning, Memory, and Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Rats
by Kwan Joong Kim, Eun-Sang Hwang, Min-Jeong Kim, Chan-Su Rha, Myoung Chong Song, Sungho Maeng, Ji-Ho Park and Dae-Ok Kim
Antioxidants 2022, 11(12), 2497; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122497 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1832
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia with cognitive impairment. Various plant-derived phenolics are known to alleviate cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by radical scavenging and strengthening synaptic plasticity activities. Here, we examined the cognition-improving effect of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia with cognitive impairment. Various plant-derived phenolics are known to alleviate cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by radical scavenging and strengthening synaptic plasticity activities. Here, we examined the cognition-improving effect of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. bark extract (PBE). We identified and quantified phenolics in the PBE using a UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. To evaluate the cognition-enhancing effects of PBE, scopolamine-induced amnesic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (5 weeks old) and ion channel antagonist-induced organotypic hippocampal slices of SD rats (7 days old) were used. Twenty-three phenolics were tentatively identified in PBE, 10 of which were quantified. Oral administration of PBE to the scopolamine-induced SD rats improved cognitive impairment in behavioral tests. PBE-fed SD rats showed significantly improved antioxidant indices (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and malondialdehyde content) and reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in hippocampal lysate compared with the scopolamine group. PBE increased the long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and rescued LTP from blockades by the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist (scopolamine) and N-methyl-D-aspartate channel antagonist (2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid) in the organotypic hippocampal slices. These results suggest that polyphenol-rich PBE is applicable as a cognition-improving agent due to its antioxidant properties and enhancement of LTP induction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in Chronic Diseases)
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18 pages, 5746 KiB  
Article
Oenanthe javanica Ethanolic Extract Alleviates Inflammation and Modifies Gut Microbiota in Mice with DSS-Induced Colitis
by Ui-Jin Bae, Ha-Na Jang, Sung-Hyen Lee, Ji-Young Kim and Gi-Chang Kim
Antioxidants 2022, 11(12), 2429; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122429 - 09 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2039
Abstract
Oenanthe javanica, commonly known as water dropwort, has long been used to treat acute and chronic hepatitis, abdominal pain, alcohol hangovers, and inflammation in various traditional medicine systems in Asia. However, whether O. javanica has beneficial effects on colitis-induced intestinal damage remains [...] Read more.
Oenanthe javanica, commonly known as water dropwort, has long been used to treat acute and chronic hepatitis, abdominal pain, alcohol hangovers, and inflammation in various traditional medicine systems in Asia. However, whether O. javanica has beneficial effects on colitis-induced intestinal damage remains elusive. This study tested the hypothesis that O. javanica has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. First, treatment of O. javanica ethanol extract (OJE) inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-affected macrophages. Second, in mice with DSS-induced colitis, OJE administration reduced pathological damage to the colon while alleviating weight gain and decreasing colon length, including inflammation and mucosal necrosis. In addition, OJE significantly (p < 0.01) restricted the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and increased the expression of Nrf2-phase 2 antioxidant enzymes. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing workflows for taxonomic assignment analysis confirmed that the diversity (richness and evenness) of fecal microbiota was markedly elevated in the OJE group. OJE administration reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria including Escherichia and increased the abundance of the genus Muribaculum. These results suggested that OJE exerts beneficial effects on inflammation and gut microbial composition in a mouse model of colitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in Chronic Diseases)
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15 pages, 7135 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant, Anti-Obesity, and Hypolipidemic Effects of Polyphenol Rich Star Anise (Illicium verum) Tea in High-Fat-Sugar Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model
by Neelam Iftikhar, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Ghulam Mustafa Kamal, Sidra Manzoor, Tabinda Fatima, Farhan Khashim Alswailmi, Ashfaq Ahmad, Bader Alsuwayt and Sulaiman Mohammed Abdullah Alnasser
Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2240; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112240 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2569
Abstract
Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. fil.) is commonly utilized as a culinary and medicinal fruit and is most famous in indigenous systems of medicine. The present research work aims to appraise and validate the potential of polyphenol-rich star anise tea (SAT) on [...] Read more.
Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. fil.) is commonly utilized as a culinary and medicinal fruit and is most famous in indigenous systems of medicine. The present research work aims to appraise and validate the potential of polyphenol-rich star anise tea (SAT) on oxidative stress, obesity and related biochemical parameters in high-fat-sugar-diet (HFSD)-induced obesity model in rats. SAT was prepared using the traditional method in warm water. The Reverse Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis was performed for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in SAT. Two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) were selected to investigate the anti-obesity potential of SAT using HFSD-induced obese rat model. Major (>5 mg/100 mL) phenolic acids in SAT were p-coumeric acid, gallic aid, cinamic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid while catechin and rutin were the major flavonoids detected in the SAT. SAT exhibited 51.3% DPPH radical scavenging activity. In vivo study showed that higher doses of SAT (500 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the body weight increase (74.82%) and BMI (0.64 g/cm2). Moreover, significant reductions in the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL were recorded in all the treatment groups in comparison to the HFSDC group. Furthermore, SAT reduced the alterations in MDA, SOD and GSH levels of experimental groups thus showing the potential against oxidative stress. The SAT-500 group showed a significant decrease in the elevated kidney and liver weights and atherogenic index in comparison to the HFSDC group. The present study proved that SAT exhibited strong protective effects against obesity and oxidative stress, especially at higher doses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in Chronic Diseases)
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13 pages, 2411 KiB  
Article
Intracellular Polyphenol Wine Metabolites Oppose Oxidative Stress and Upregulate Nrf2/ARE Pathway
by Chiara Stranieri, Flavia Guzzo, Sofia Gambini, Luciano Cominacini and Anna Maria Fratta Pasini
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 2055; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102055 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1723
Abstract
Moderate wine consumption has been associated with several benefits to human health due to its high polyphenol content. In this study, we investigated whether polyphenols contained in a particular red wine, rich in polyphenols, can pass the cell membrane and switch the oxidant/antioxidant [...] Read more.
Moderate wine consumption has been associated with several benefits to human health due to its high polyphenol content. In this study, we investigated whether polyphenols contained in a particular red wine, rich in polyphenols, can pass the cell membrane and switch the oxidant/antioxidant balance toward an antioxidant pattern of THP-1 cells and human cardiomyocytes through a gene regulatory system. First, we identified which metabolite polyphenols present in red wine extract cross cell membranes and may be responsible for antioxidant effects. The results showed that the wine metabolites in treated cells belonged mainly to stilbenes, flavan-3-ols derivatives, and flavonoids. Other metabolites present in cells were not typical wine metabolites. Then, we found that red wine extract dose-dependently lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) up to 50 ± 7% in both cell lines (p < 0.01). Furthermore, wine extract increased nuclear Nrf2 of about 35 ± 5% in both cell lines (p < 0.01) and counteracted its reduction induced by TBHP (p < 0.01). The rise in Nrf2 was paralleled by the increase in hemeoxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene expression (both mRNA and protein) (p < 0.01). These results could help explain the healthful activity of wine polyphenols within cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in Chronic Diseases)
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17 pages, 3609 KiB  
Article
Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (Rosa damascena) Methanolic Extract and Its Physiological Effect on Liver Functions, Blood Indices, Antioxidant Capacity, and Heart Vitality against Cadmium Chloride Toxicity
by Reham Z. Hamza, Njood A. Al-Malki, Sarah Alharthi, Saif A. Alharthy, Bander Albogami and Samy M. El-Megharbel
Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1229; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071229 - 23 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2086
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) causes an imbalance in the oxidant status of the body by triggering the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the effect of Rosa damascena (R. damascena) extract on oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, [...] Read more.
Exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) causes an imbalance in the oxidant status of the body by triggering the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the effect of Rosa damascena (R. damascena) extract on oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, and the injured cardiac tissue of male rats exposed to CdCl2. Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: the vehicle control (1 mg/kg normal saline), the CdCl2-treated group (5 mg/kg), the R. damascena extract group (100 mg Kg), and the combination of CdCl2 and R. damascena extract group. Male rats exposed to CdCl2 showed multiple significant histopathological changes in the liver and heart, including inflammatory cell infiltration and degenerative alterations. Successive exposure to CdCl2 elevated the levels of hepatic and cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor-alpha) (TNF-α) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) and decreased antioxidant defences. The extracts significantly increased the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), whereas it dramatically decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the mRNA of TNF-α and IL-6. R. damascena administration prevented liver and heart injury; suppressed excessive ROS generation, LPO, and inflammatory responses; and enhanced antioxidant defences. In addition, R. damascena upregulated the mRNA of TNF-α and IL-6 in CdCl2-administered male rats. In conclusion, R. damascena modulated the oxidative stress and inflammation induced by CdCl2. The hepatic and cardiac tissue damage and histopathological alterations resulting from the CdCl2-induced oxidative stress were counteracted by the administration of R. damascena extracts. R. damascena enhanced antioxidant defence enzymes in male rats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in Chronic Diseases)
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26 pages, 5889 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Polyphenols of Antirhea borbonica Medicinal Plant and Caffeic Acid Reduce Cerebrovascular, Inflammatory and Metabolic Disorders Aggravated by High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in a Mouse Model of Stroke
by Janice Taïlé, Matthieu Bringart, Cynthia Planesse, Jessica Patché, Philippe Rondeau, Bryan Veeren, Patricia Clerc, Anne Gauvin-Bialecki, Steeve Bourane, Olivier Meilhac, David Couret and Marie-Paule Gonthier
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050858 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2811
Abstract
Metabolic disorders related to obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with aggravated cerebrovascular damages during stroke. In particular, hyperglycemia alters redox and inflammatory status, leading to cerebral endothelial cell dysfunction, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and brain homeostasis loss. Polyphenols constitute the most [...] Read more.
Metabolic disorders related to obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with aggravated cerebrovascular damages during stroke. In particular, hyperglycemia alters redox and inflammatory status, leading to cerebral endothelial cell dysfunction, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and brain homeostasis loss. Polyphenols constitute the most abundant dietary antioxidants and exert anti-inflammatory effects that may improve cerebrovascular complications in stroke. This study evaluated the effects of the characterized polyphenol-rich extract of Antirhea borbonica medicinal plant and its major constituent caffeic acid on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model during ischemic stroke, and murine bEnd3 cerebral endothelial cells in high glucose condition. In vivo, polyphenols administered by oral gavage for 12 weeks attenuated insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia caused by HFD-induced obesity. Polyphenols limited brain infarct, hemorrhagic transformation and BBB disruption aggravated by obesity during stroke. Polyphenols exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by reducing IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α and Nrf2 overproduction as well as total SOD activity elevation at the cerebral or peripheral levels in obese mice. In vitro, polyphenols decreased MMP-2 activity that correlated with MCP-1 secretion and ROS intracellular levels in hyperglycemic condition. Protective effects of polyphenols were linked to their bioavailability with evidence for circulating metabolites including caffeic acid, quercetin and hippuric acid. Altogether, these findings show that antioxidant polyphenols reduced cerebrovascular, inflammatory and metabolic disorders aggravated by obesity in a mouse model of stroke. It will be relevant to assess polyphenol-based strategies to improve the clinical consequences of stroke in the context of obesity and diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in Chronic Diseases)
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Review

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30 pages, 1494 KiB  
Review
Antioxidant Phytochemicals as Potential Therapy for Diabetic Complications
by Oke-Oghene Philomena Akpoveso, Emeka Emmanuel Ubah and Gideon Obasanmi
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010123 - 04 Jan 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3953
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase partly due to rapid urbanization and an increase in the aging population. Consequently, this is associated with a parallel increase in the prevalence of diabetic vascular complications which significantly worsen the burden of diabetes. For [...] Read more.
The global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase partly due to rapid urbanization and an increase in the aging population. Consequently, this is associated with a parallel increase in the prevalence of diabetic vascular complications which significantly worsen the burden of diabetes. For these diabetic vascular complications, there is still an unmet need for safe and effective alternative/adjuvant therapeutic interventions. There is also an increasing urge for therapeutic options to come from natural products such as plants. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is central to the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Furthermore, oxidative stress-induced inflammation and insulin resistance are central to endothelial damage and the progression of diabetic complications. Human and animal studies have shown that polyphenols could reduce oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and prevent diabetic complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Part of the therapeutic effects of polyphenols is attributed to their modulatory effect on endogenous antioxidant systems. This review attempts to summarize the established effects of polyphenols on endogenous antioxidant systems from the literature. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing the potential benefits of polyphenols for diabetic vascular complications are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Endogenous Antioxidants Defences in Chronic Diseases)
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