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Antioxidants
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Bioactive Extract Derived Marine Algae in Antioxidants
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Bioactive Extract Derived Marine Algae in Antioxidants

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 16741

Special Issue Editor

Dr. BoMi Ryu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
Interests: marine natural products; biological activities; medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry; chemical biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine algae serve as a valuable source for the discovery of new drugs as antioxidants under an established history of use in health care and therapy. From this, the potential of natural products from algae as antioxidants is gaining interest for the treatment or prevention of global health problems with rising prevalence.

This Special Issue is aimed at gathering the recent advances and future perspectives outlining the potential of bioactive-extracts-derived marine algae for pharmaceutical applications, with an emphasis on their molecular pathways, metabolic regulation, and endocrine function.

As Guest Editor, I would like to invite authors to provide recent advances in the attractive field of marine algae with their antioxidant properties.

Dr. BoMi Ryu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Marine resources
  • Antioxidant
  • Natural products
  • Algae
  • Dietary constituents
  • Molecular targets
  • Structural chemistry

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 11419 KiB  
Article
Purification and Structural Characterization of Sulfated Polysaccharides Derived from Brown Algae, Sargassum binderi: Inhibitory Mechanism of iNOS and COX-2 Pathway Interaction
by Jun-Geon Je, Hyo-Geun Lee, Kurukulasuriya H. N. Fernando, You-Jin Jeon and Bomi Ryu
Antioxidants 2021, 10(6), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060822 - 21 May 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2970
Abstract
Among the components derived from brown algae, anionic sulfated polysaccharides, which contain sulfated fucose as the major monosaccharide, exert significant biological activities. In this study, we purified and structurally characterized sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae, Sargassum binderi (S. binderi; SBPs), and [...] Read more.
Among the components derived from brown algae, anionic sulfated polysaccharides, which contain sulfated fucose as the major monosaccharide, exert significant biological activities. In this study, we purified and structurally characterized sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae, Sargassum binderi (S. binderi; SBPs), and evaluated their biological activity in vitro and in vivo. The SBPs were separated based on their charges and their biophysical properties were investigated according to their functional groups, structural features, and molecular weights using FTIR, NMR, and MALS. Among all the SBPs, Fraction 4 (SBP-F4), with an average molecular weight of 2.867 × 105 g/mol, had the highest polysaccharide and sulfate contents (75.15 ± 0.25% and 24.08 ± 0.18%, respectively). The biological activities of SBP-F4 were investigated further in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that SBP-F4 significantly suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins in LPS-activated macrophages. Moreover, in the LPS-treated zebrafish model, a significant decrease in cell death and NO production was observed. Collectively, these results show that SBPs not only exert protective effects against LPS-induced cytotoxicity but also inhibit the activation and anti-inflammatory activity of macrophages. Therefore, polysaccharides derived from S. binderi are potential anti-inflammatory agents for use in clinical settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Extract Derived Marine Algae in Antioxidants)
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13 pages, 1003 KiB  
Article
Enzyme-Assisted Release of Antioxidant Peptides from Porphyra dioica Conchocelis
by Filipa B. Pimentel, Marlene Machado, Maria Cermeño, Thanyaporn Kleekayai, Susana Machado, Andreia M. Rego, Maria H. Abreu, Rita C. Alves, Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira and Richard J. FitzGerald
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020249 - 06 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2726
Abstract
The conchocelis life cycle stage of P. dioica represents an unexplored source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to generate and characterise, for the first time, hydrolysates of conchocelis using a specific combination of proteases (Prolyve® and Flavourzyme® [...] Read more.
The conchocelis life cycle stage of P. dioica represents an unexplored source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to generate and characterise, for the first time, hydrolysates of conchocelis using a specific combination of proteases (Prolyve® and Flavourzyme®). Hydrolysate molecular mass distribution and free amino acid contents were assessed, and the antioxidant activity was determined using a range of in vitro assays. The protein content and the total amino acid profiles of conchocelis were also studied. Conchocelis contained ~25% of protein (dry weight basis) and had a complete profile of essential amino acids. Direct sequential enzymatic treatment modified the profile of the generated compounds, increasing the amount of low molecular weight peptides (<1 kDa). There was a significant improvement in the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates compared with the control (up to 2.5-fold), indicating their potential as a novel source of antioxidant ingredients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Extract Derived Marine Algae in Antioxidants)
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26 pages, 5584 KiB  
Article
Untargeted Analysis for Mycosporines and Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)—Electrospray Orbitrap MS2/MS3
by Maroussia Parailloux, Simon Godin, Susana C. M. Fernandes and Ryszard Lobinski
Antioxidants 2020, 9(12), 1185; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121185 - 26 Nov 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3322
Abstract
Mycosporines and mycosporine-like amino acids have been described as natural sunscreens and antioxidant compounds presenting a great potential for health and cosmetic applications. Herein, an untargeted screening approach for mycosporines and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) was developed by the coupling of zwitterionic hydrophilic [...] Read more.
Mycosporines and mycosporine-like amino acids have been described as natural sunscreens and antioxidant compounds presenting a great potential for health and cosmetic applications. Herein, an untargeted screening approach for mycosporines and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) was developed by the coupling of zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with multistage electrospray mass spectrometry MS2/MS3 using an Orbitrap analyzer and fragment ion search (FISh). This method was applied to study the mycosporine and MAA contents of five algae extracted using a 50% methanol solution and sonication. Candidate-MAAs were detected by mining eight characteristic fragment ions in their HILIC data-dependent MS2 mass spectrum. Their exact masses were measured with 3 ppm mass accuracy and their structures were elucidated on the basis of the MS3/MS4 mass spectra. The method developed was validated with a targeted analysis using an extract of Gymnogongrus devoniensis which confirmed the detection of 14 MAAs reported in the literature. In addition, 23 previously unreported MAAs were detected and the structures could be assigned for seven of them. The developed method was applied to the analysis of four algae: Gelidium sesquipedale, Halopithys incurva, Porphyra rosengurtii and Cystoseira tamariscifolia allowing the detection of MAAs, including some reported here for the first time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Extract Derived Marine Algae in Antioxidants)
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15 pages, 2836 KiB  
Article
Protective Effects of Fucoxanthin on High Glucose- and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-Induced Injury in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
by Yi-Fen Chiang, Hsin-Yuan Chen, Yen-Jui Chang, Yin-Hwa Shih, Tzong-Ming Shieh, Kai-Lee Wang and Shih-Min Hsia
Antioxidants 2020, 9(12), 1176; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121176 - 25 Nov 2020
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 3869
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing due to the eating and living habits of modern people. As the disease progresses, the long-term effects of diabetes can cause microvascular disease, causing dysfunction in different parts of the body, which, in turn, leads to [...] Read more.
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing due to the eating and living habits of modern people. As the disease progresses, the long-term effects of diabetes can cause microvascular disease, causing dysfunction in different parts of the body, which, in turn, leads to different complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is the main cause of vision loss and blindness in diabetic patients. Persistent hyperglycemia may cause damage to the retina, induce the accumulation of inflammatory factors, and destroy the blood–retinal barrier function. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a marine carotenoid extracted from seaweed. It accounts for more than 10% of the total carotenoids in nature. Fx is mainly found in brown algae and has strong antioxidant properties, due to its unique biologically active structure. This carotenoid also has the effects of reducing lipid peroxidation, reducing DNA damage, and preventing cardiovascular diseases as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. However, there is no relevant research on the protective effect of Fx in DR. Therefore, in this study, we explore the protective effect of Fx on the retina. Human retinal epithelial cells (ARPE-19) are used to investigate the protective effect of Fx on high glucose stress- (glucose 75 mM) and high lipid peroxidation stress (4-hydroxynonenal, 4-HNE (30 μM))-induced DR. The cell viability test shows that Fx recovered the cell damage, and Western blotting shows that Fx reduced the inflammation response and maintained the integrity of the blood–retinal barrier by reducing its apoptosis and cell adhesion factor protein expression. Using an antioxidant enzyme assay kit, we find that the protective effect of Fx may be related to the strong antioxidant properties of Fx, which increases catalase and reduces oxidative stress to produce a protective effect on the retina. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Extract Derived Marine Algae in Antioxidants)
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20 pages, 2585 KiB  
Article
Unraveling the Lipidome and Antioxidant Activity of Native Bifurcaria bifurcata and Invasive Sargassum muticum Seaweeds: A Lipid Perspective on How Systemic Intrusion May Present an Opportunity
by Fábio Santos, João P. Monteiro, Daniela Duarte, Tânia Melo, Diana Lopes, Elisabete da Costa and Maria Rosário Domingues
Antioxidants 2020, 9(7), 642; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9070642 - 21 Jul 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3274
Abstract
Brown seaweeds are known to present components with appealing bioactive properties eliciting great interest for industrial applications. However, their lipid content is generally disregarded beyond their fatty acid (FA) composition. This study thoroughly characterized the lipid profile of two brown seaweeds collected from [...] Read more.
Brown seaweeds are known to present components with appealing bioactive properties eliciting great interest for industrial applications. However, their lipid content is generally disregarded beyond their fatty acid (FA) composition. This study thoroughly characterized the lipid profile of two brown seaweeds collected from Portuguese coast, the native Bifurcaria bifurcata and the invasive Sargassum muticum species, and bioprospecting for antioxidant activity. An integrated state-of-the-art approach including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC–ESI-MS/MS), allowed a comprehensive picture of FA and polar lipid content. Polar lipid profile of B. bifurcata and S. muticum included 143 and 217 lipid species respectively, distributed between glycolipids, phospholipids, and betaine lipids. Some of the lipid species found have been assigned biological activity and contain of n-3 and n-6 FA. Sargassum muticum presented the highest n-3 FA content. Low concentrations of extracts of both seaweeds displayed antioxidant activity, with S. muticum presenting more promising results. These findings contribute to the nutritional and industrial exploitation of both seaweeds, highlighting their relevance as viable sources of bioactive and added-value compounds. Sargassum muticum presented interesting lipid composition and bioactivity, which may represent an accessible opportunity for the exploitation of this invasive seaweed, especially taking advantage of Sargassum blooms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Extract Derived Marine Algae in Antioxidants)
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