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Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and Antioxidant Defence in Plant Stress Tolerance

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2023) | Viewed by 15543

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Prof. Dr. Ashwani Pareek

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School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Interests: functional genomics; forward and reverse genetics; abiotic stress; crop biotechnology

Prof. Dr. Mohan B. Singh

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Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
Interests: plant noncoding RNA
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek

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Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
Interests: rice; salt tolerance; salt stress

Dr. Anil K. Singh

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ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
Interests: plant stress tolerance; regulation of plant adaptation; plant functional genomics; plant genetic engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants encounter various biotic and abiotic stress factors during their life cycle, which drastically affect their growth and development, and yield and quality of plant produce. Plant responses to these stresses are manifested at morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels by modulating various molecular networks, including signal transduction. Understanding these networks and signaling components involved therein is crucial for developing crops with improved stress tolerance. However, a universal defense signaling network that may mediate tolerance against individual and/or a combination of stresses has not been elucidated thus far. Intriguingly, a common consequence of all the stress factors is elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disturbs redox homeostasis, leading to oxidative stress. However, these ROS also function as signaling molecules to bring about stress-adaptive responses. Recent evidence suggests that ROS signaling also interacts with various other signaling pathways and their components involved in stress tolerance, indicating ROS signaling as a converging point of the defense signaling network.

Thus, this Special Issue will collate research articles, review articles and methods related to, but not limited to, the following topics:

Effect of individual and/or a combination of stresses on ROS signaling and antioxidant defense components.
Crosstalk of ROS signaling with other signaling pathways and their components under stress conditions.
Identification and functional characterization of various ROS signaling pathway components and intermediates.
Utilization of ROS signaling and antioxidant defense components in imparting stress tolerance in plants.

Prof. Dr. Ashwani Pareek
Prof. Dr. Mohan B. Singh
Dr. Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek
Dr. Anil K. Singh
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5240 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Antioxidants, Osmoregulation, Genes and Metabolites Regulate the Late Seeding Tolerance of Rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) during Wintering

by Pengfei Hao, Baogang Lin, Yun Ren, Hao Hu, Weidong Lou, Kaige Yi, Bowen Xue, Lan Huang, Xi Li and Shuijin Hua

Antioxidants 2023, 12(11), 1915; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111915 - 26 Oct 2023

Viewed by 984

Abstract

Rapeseed seeding dates are largely delayed under the rice–rape rotation system, but how rapeseeds adapt to the delayed environment remains unclear. Here, five seeding dates (20 October, 30 October, 10 November, 20 November and 30 November, T1 to T5) were set and the dynamic differences between two late-seeding-tolerant (LST) and two late-seeding-sensitive (LSS) rapeseed cultivars were investigated in a field experiment. The growth was significantly repressed and the foldchange (LST/LSS) of yield increased from 1.50-T1 to 2.64-T5 with the delay in seeding. Both LST cultivars showed higher plant coverage than the LSS cultivars according to visible/hyperspectral imaging and the vegetation index acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle. Fluorescence imaging, DAB and NBT staining showed that the LSS cultivars suffered more stress damage than the LST cultivars. Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) and osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein) were decreased with the delay in seeding, while the LST cultivar levels were higher than those of the LSS cultivars. A comparative analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes showed that 55 pathways involving 123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 107 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) participated in late seeding tolerance regulation, while 39 pathways involving 60 DEGs and 68 DAMs were related to sensitivity. Levanbiose, α-isopropylmalate, s-ribosyl-L-homocysteine, lauroyl-CoA and argino-succinate were differentially accumulated in both cultivars, while genes including isocitrate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and newgene_7532 were also largely regulated. This study revealed the dynamic regulation mechanisms of rapeseeds on late seeding conditions, which showed considerable potential for the genetic improvement of rapeseed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and Antioxidant Defence in Plant Stress Tolerance)

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19 pages, 9703 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physiological and RNA-Seq Analyses on Exogenous Strigolactones Alleviating Drought by Improving Antioxidation and Photosynthesis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

by Miao Song, Naiyue Hu, Sumei Zhou, Songxin Xie, Jian Yang, Wenqi Ma, Zhengkai Teng, Wenxian Liang, Chunyan Wang, Mingna Bu, Shuo Zhang, Xiwen Yang and Dexian He

Antioxidants 2023, 12(10), 1884; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12101884 - 20 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1447

Abstract

Drought poses a significant challenge to global wheat production, and the application of exogenous phytohormones offers a convenient approach to enhancing drought tolerance of wheat. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism by which strigolactones (SLs), newly discovered phytohormones, alleviate drought stress in wheat. Therefore, this study is aimed at elucidating the physiological and molecular mechanisms operating in wheat and gaining insights into the specific role of SLs in ameliorating responses to the stress. The results showed that SLs application upregulated the expression of genes associated with the antioxidant defense system (Fe/Mn-SOD, PER1, PER22, SPC4, CAT2, APX1, APX7, GSTU6, GST4, GOR, GRXC1, and GRXC15), chlorophyll biogenesis (CHLH, and CPX), light-harvesting chlorophyll A-B binding proteins (WHAB1.6, and LHC Ib-21), electron transfer (PNSL2), E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (BB, CHIP, and RHY1A), heat stress transcription factor (HSFA1, HSFA4D, and HSFC2B), heat shock proteins (HSP23.2, HSP16.9A, HSP17.9A, HSP21, HSP70, HSP70-16, HSP70-17, HSP70-8, HSP90-5, and HSP90-6), DnaJ family members (ATJ1, ATJ3, and DJA6), as well as other chaperones (BAG1, CIP73, CIPB1, and CPN60I). but the expression level of genes involved in chlorophyll degradation (SGR, NOL, PPH, PAO, TIC55, and PTC52) as well as photorespiration (AGT2) was found to be downregulated by SLs priming. As a result, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced, and chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were increased, which indicated the alleviation of drought stress in wheat. These findings demonstrated that SLs alleviate drought stress by promoting photosynthesis through enhancing chlorophyll levels, and by facilitating ROS scavenging through modulation of the antioxidant system. The study advances understandings of the molecular mechanism underlying SLs-mediated drought alleviation and provides valuable insights for implementing sustainable farming practice under water restriction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and Antioxidant Defence in Plant Stress Tolerance)

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18 pages, 4140 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptional Regulation of the Acer truncatum B. Response to Drought and the Contribution of AtruNAC36 to Drought Tolerance

by Jianbo Li, Wei Guo, Jinna Zhao, Huijing Meng, Yanfei Yang, Guangshun Zheng and Weijie Yuan

Antioxidants 2023, 12(7), 1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071339 - 24 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1254

Abstract

Drought stress is one of the major environmental factors severely restricting plant development and productivity. Acer truncatum B, which is an economically important tree species, is highly tolerant to drought conditions, but the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms remain relatively unknown. In this study, A. truncatum seedlings underwent a drought treatment (water withheld for 0, 3, 7, and 12 days), after which they were re-watered for 5 days. Physiological indices were measured and a transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to reveal drought response-related regulatory mechanisms. In comparison to the control, the drought treatment caused a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, with levels rising up to seven times, and relative electrical conductivity from 14.5% to 78.4%, but the relative water content decreased from 88.3% to 23.4%; these indices recovered somewhat after the 5-day re-watering period. The RNA sequencing analysis identified 9126 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were primarily involved with abscisic acid responses, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. These DEGs included 483 (5.29%) transcription factor genes from 53 families, including ERF, MYB, and NAC. A co-expression network analysis was conducted and three important modules were analyzed to identify hub genes, one of which (AtruNAC36) was examined to clarify its function. The AtruNAC36 protein was localized to the nucleus and had a C-terminal transactivation domain. Moreover, it bounded specifically to the NACRS element. The overexpression of AtruNAC36 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in increased drought tolerance by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. These findings provide important insights into the transcriptional regulation mediating the A. truncatum response to drought. Furthermore, AtruNAC36 may be relevant for breeding forest trees resistant to drought stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and Antioxidant Defence in Plant Stress Tolerance)

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22 pages, 9077 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biochar-Dual Oxidant Composite Particles Alleviate the Oxidative Stress of Phenolic Acid on Tomato Seed Germination

by Yuting Tu, Jinchun Shen, Zhiping Peng, Yanggui Xu, Zhuxian Li, Jianyi Liang, Qiufang Wei, Hongbo Zhao and Jichuan Huang

Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040910 - 11 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1883

Abstract

Phenolic acid is a well-known allelochemical, but also a pollutant in soil and water impeding crop production. Biochar is a multifunctional material widely used to mitigate the phenolic acids allelopathic effect. However, phenolic acid absorbed by biochar can still be released. In order to improve the removal efficiency of phenolic acids by biochar, the biochar-dual oxidant (BDO) composite particles were synthesized in this study, and the underlying mechanism of the BDO particles in ameliorating p-coumaric acid (p-CA) oxidative damage to tomato seed germination was revealed. Upon p-CA treatment, the BDO composite particles application increased the radical length, radical surface area, and germination index by 95.0%, 52.8%, and 114.6%, respectively. Compared to using biochar or oxidants alone, the BDO particles addition resulted in a higher removal rate of p-CA and produced more O₂^•−, HO^•, SO₄^•− and ¹O₂ radicals via autocatalytic action, suggesting that BDO particles removed phenolic acid by both adsorption and free radical oxidation. The addition of BDO particles maintained the levels of the antioxidant enzyme activity close to the control, and reduced the malondialdehyde and H₂O₂ by 49.7% and 49.5%, compared to the p-CA treatment. Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that 14 key metabolites and 62 genes were involved in phenylalanine and linoleic acid metabolism, which increased dramatically under p-CA stress but down-regulated with the addition of BDO particles. This study proved that the use of BDO composite particles could alleviate the oxidative stress of phenolic acid on tomato seeds. The findings will provide unprecedented insights into the application and mechanism of such composite particles as continuous cropping soil conditioners. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and Antioxidant Defence in Plant Stress Tolerance)

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15 pages, 1712 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Response of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Pea Plants Exposed to Drought and Boron Nanoparticles

by Rūta Sutulienė, Aušra Brazaitytė, Stanisław Małek, Michał Jasik and Giedrė Samuolienė

Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020528 - 20 Feb 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2225

Abstract

Pea plants are sensitive to water shortages, making them less attractive to farmers. Hoping to reduce the adverse effects of drought on peas and considering the benefits of boron, this study aimed to investigate the impact of boron nanoparticles on the antioxidant system and oxidative stress biomarkers in drought-stressed peas. Experiments were performed in a greenhouse. Pea plants were treated with a suspension of B₂O₃ nanoparticles at 12.5, 25, and 50 ppm concentrations before ten days of water shortage. Drought effects were induced by maintaining 30% substrate moisture. This study investigated the properties of the nanoparticle suspension and different application methods for spraying and watering pea plants. The effects of B₂O₃ nanoparticles and drought were determined on pea growth indicators, oxidative stress biomarkers, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Spraying with B₂O₃ nanoparticles at 12.5 ppm most effectively stimulated phenol accumulation; FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS antioxidant capacity; and APX, SOD, GPX, and CAT enzyme activity in pea leaves exposed to drought. In addition, B₂O₃ nanoparticles reduced the amount of MDA and H₂O₂ in pea plants grown on a substrate with insufficient moisture. The most substantial positive effect was found on peas affected by drought after spraying them with 12.5 ppm of B₂O₃ nanoparticles. B₂O₃ nanoparticles positively affected the pea height, leaf area, number of nodules, and yield. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and Antioxidant Defence in Plant Stress Tolerance)

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18 pages, 3309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Charged Gold Nanoparticles Promote In Vitro Proliferation in Nardostachys jatamansi by Differentially Regulating Chlorophyll Content, Hormone Concentration, and Antioxidant Activity

by Shubham Joshi, Aqib I. Dar, Amitabha Acharya and Rohit Joshi

Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 1962; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101962 - 30 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2102

Abstract

Nardostachys jatamansi is a critically endangered medicinal plant and endemic to the Himalayas, having high commercial demand globally. The accumulation of various secondary metabolites in its shoots and roots with antioxidant potential are well-documented in traditional as well as modern medicine systems. In the present study, we first attempted to investigate the impact of citrate (−ve charge, 11.1 ± 1.9 nm) and CTAB (+ve charge, 19.5 ± 3.2 nm) coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the in vitro proliferation and antioxidant activities of N. jatamansi. Both the nanoparticles differentially affected the morphological and biochemical parameters, chlorophyll content, internal hormone concentration, and antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent (10–100 µM) manner. Vigorous shooting was observed in half strength MS medium supplemented with IAA (1 mg/L) with 60 µM citrate-AuNPs (46.4 ± 3.7 mm) and 40 µM CTAB-AuNPs (42.2 ± 3.2 mm). Similarly, the maximum number of roots (5.00 ± 0.67 and 5.33 ± 0.58) and root length (29.9 ± 1.5 mm and 27.3 ± 4.8 mm) was reported in half-strength MS medium with IAA (1 mg/L) supplemented with 60 µM citrate-AuNPs and 40 µM CTAB-AuNPs, respectively. In addition, plants growing on MS medium supplemented with 60 µM citrate-AuNPs and 40 µM CTAB-AuNPs showed significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll), internal hormone concentration (GA3, IAA, and ABA), and antioxidant activities (total phenolics, flavonoids, DPPH, and SOD enzyme activity). Moreover, the transcript analysis of ANR1, ARF18, PLY9, SAUR28, GID1A, GRF1, SOD, and CAT further confirmed the role of 60 µM citrate-AuNPs and 40 µM CTAB-AuNPs in the improvement in the growth and antioxidant activities of N. jatamansi. Bearing in mind the urgent requirements of the effective conservation measures of this endangered species, the present findings suggest the elicitation of citrate-AuNPs and CTAB-AuNPs would significantly improve the potential applications of N. jatamansi in the medicinal plant-based industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and Antioxidant Defence in Plant Stress Tolerance)

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11 pages, 1715 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interference Expression of StMSD Inhibited the Deposition of Suberin and Lignin at Wounds of Potato Tubers by Reducing the Production of H₂O₂

by Ying-Yue Ren, Hong Jiang, Li Ma, Jiang-Wei Yang, Huai-Jun Si, Jiang-Ping Bai, Dov Prusky and Yang Bi

Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 1901; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101901 - 25 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1536

Abstract

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) actively participates in the wound stress of plants. However, whether StMSD mediates the generation of H₂O₂ and the deposition of suberin polyphenolic and lignin at potato tuber wounds is elusive. In this study, we developed the StMSD interference expression of potato plants and tubers by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The StSOD expression showed a marked downregulation in StMSD-interference tubers, especially StCSD2 and StCSD3. The content of O₂^•⁻ exhibited a noticeable increase together with the inhibition in H₂O₂ accumulation. Moreover, the gene expression levels of StPAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and StC4H (cinnamate-4-hydroxylase) were downregulated in StMSD-interference tubers, and less suberin polyphenolic and lignin depositions at the wounds were observed. Taken together, the interference expression of StMSD can result in less suberin polyphenolic and lignin deposition by inhibiting the disproportionation of O₂^•− to H₂O₂ and restraining phenylpropanoid metabolism in tubers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and Antioxidant Defence in Plant Stress Tolerance)

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31 pages, 14016 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Insights into Understanding the Molecular Dialogues between Bipolaroxin and the Gα and Gβ Subunits of the Wheat Heterotrimeric G-Protein during Host–Pathogen Interaction

by Deepti Malviya, Udai B. Singh, Budheswar Dehury, Prakash Singh, Manoj Kumar, Shailendra Singh, Anurag Chaurasia, Manoj Kumar Yadav, Raja Shankar, Manish Roy, Jai P. Rai, Arup K. Mukherjee, Ishwar Singh Solanki, Arun Kumar, Sunil Kumar and Harsh V. Singh

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091754 - 05 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2307

Abstract

Spot blotch disease of wheat, caused by the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., produces several toxins which interact with the plants and thereby increase the blightening of the wheat leaves, and Bipolaroxin is one of them. There is an urgent need to decipher the molecular interaction between wheat and the toxin Bipolaroxin for in-depth understanding of host–pathogen interactions. In the present study, we have developed the three-dimensional structure of G-protein alpha subunit from Triticum aestivum. Molecular docking studies were performed using the active site of the modeled G-protein alpha and cryo-EM structure of beta subunit from T. aestivum and ‘Bipolaroxin’. The study of protein–ligand interactions revealed that six H-bonds are mainly formed by Glu29, Ser30, Lys32, and Ala177 of G-alpha with Bipolaroxin. In the beta subunit, the residues of the core beta strand domain participate in the ligand interaction where Lys256, Phe306, and Leu352 formed seven H-bonds with the ligand Bipolaroxin. All-atoms molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were conducted for G-alpha and -beta subunit and Bipolaroxin complexes to explore the stability, conformational flexibility, and dynamic behavior of the complex system. In planta studies clearly indicated that application of Bipolaroxin significantly impacted the physio-biochemical pathways in wheat and led to the blightening of leaves in susceptible cultivars as compared to resistant ones. Further, it interacted with the Gα and Gβ subunits of G-protein, phenylpropanoid, and MAPK pathways, which is clearly supported by the qPCR results. This study gives deeper insights into understanding the molecular dialogues between Bipolaroxin and the Gα and Gβ subunits of the wheat heterotrimeric G-protein during host–pathogen interaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and Antioxidant Defence in Plant Stress Tolerance)

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