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Animals
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Gamete, Embryo and Larvae Handling in Aquatic Animals
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Gamete, Embryo and Larvae Handling in Aquatic Animals

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 October 2022) | Viewed by 12439

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Víctor Gallego

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Aquaculture and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Animal Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
Interests: aquaculture; cryobiology; gamete quality; reproductive biology; sperm motility; biodiversity; marine biology; freshwater biology
Dr. Estefanía Paredes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Ecoloxia e Bioloxia Animal, Laboratorio de Ecoloxia Costeira (ECOCOST), Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
Interests: cryobiology; cryopreservation; aquaculture; conservation; biobanking

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Artificial reproduction in aquatic animals usually involves the collection and handling of gametes both from males and females in a way that secures their quality and maximizes the fertilization event. The techniques can vary widely across the different taxa (from invertebrates to vertebrates), and of course across the gametes that we are managing (spermatozoa or oocytes). In addition, a successful fertilization process becomes the embryo development step, which is also crucial for obtaining the outcome: the larvae. There are innumerable specie-specific or family-specific protocols along the different aquatic species that inhabit from freshwater lagoons to seawater oceans, and several steps in each protocol can strongly affect the fertilization success, from the gamete collection process until larvae hatching.

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together original research studies and review papers on basic and applied aspects of gamete, embryo and larvae handling in aquatic animals. In that sense, we aim to gather high-quality papers addressing different areas focused on gamete collection and handling, gamete storage (both short- and long-term storage), in vitro fertilization techniques, embryo development studies, and larvae management of different aquatic animals. Researchers working in fish reproduction both with an approach on aquaculture industry or on biodiversity preservation are welcome to contribute in-depth reviews, original full articles, and unique case reports.

Dr. Víctor Gallego
Dr. Estefanía Paredes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sperm
  • oocyte
  • fertilization
  • fish
  • marine invertebrates

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 198 KiB  
Editorial
The Importance of Developing and Standardizing Gamete, Embryo and Larvae Handling in Aquatic Animals
by Estefanía Paredes and Victor Gallego
Animals 2023, 13(2), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13020270 - 12 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1103
Abstract
Artificial reproduction in aquatic animals usually involves the collection and handling of gametes both from males and females in a way that secures their quality and optimizes the fertilization event [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gamete, Embryo and Larvae Handling in Aquatic Animals)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

13 pages, 2232 KiB  
Article
Handling, Reproducing and Cryopreserving Five European Sea Urchins (Echinodermata, Klein, 1778) for Biodiversity Conservation Purposes
by Estefanía Paredes, Sara Campos, Alba Lago, Tracy Bueno, Julien Constensoux and Damian Costas
Animals 2022, 12(22), 3161; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223161 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1798
Abstract
In this work, five local sea urchin species found in European waters were studied. Four were regular species: Sphaerechinus granularis, Psammechinus miliaris, Echinus esculentus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus; and one was an irregular species, Echinocardium [...] Read more.
In this work, five local sea urchin species found in European waters were studied. Four were regular species: Sphaerechinus granularis, Psammechinus miliaris, Echinus esculentus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus; and one was an irregular species, Echinocardium cordatum. These five species of sea urchins have been studied regarding their fertility, toxicity of cryoprotecting agents, cryopreservation of different cell types and chilling injury. The baseline fertility is similar in P. lividus, P. miliaris and S. granularis. Nonetheless, the sperm:egg ratio, contact time and development of the fertilization envelope would need to be studied further on a case-by-case basis. Sperm can be maintained inactively in the gonad (4 °C), and oocytes also maintain quality in sea water (4 °C), even after 72 h. Sperm was cryopreserved for four species with some post-thaw intra specific variability, and embryo cryopreservation was only possible for S. granularis. Overall, this study provided a wider vision of the biology and reproduction of these species that will help us develop tools for their biodiversity conservation through cryopreservation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gamete, Embryo and Larvae Handling in Aquatic Animals)
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12 pages, 1768 KiB  
Article
Effect of Sperm Ratio and Temperature on Fertilization and Early Larval Development of the Surf Clam Mesodesma donacium (Bivalvia:Mesodesmatidae)
by Piera Vásquez-Calderón, Alejandro Abarca, L. René Durán and Doris Oliva
Animals 2022, 12(17), 2192; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12172192 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1585
Abstract
The effect of sperm ratio on fertilization was evaluated in five sperm:oocytes treatments (10:1, 50:1, 100:1, 500:1 and 1000:1), the effect of temperature on embryonic and larval development in three temperature treatments (13 °C, 16 °C and 19 °C) was recorded and the [...] Read more.
The effect of sperm ratio on fertilization was evaluated in five sperm:oocytes treatments (10:1, 50:1, 100:1, 500:1 and 1000:1), the effect of temperature on embryonic and larval development in three temperature treatments (13 °C, 16 °C and 19 °C) was recorded and the duration of each stage, the growth rate and survival rate were registered. The oocytes were spherical (67.5 ± 4.2 μm) with a defined nucleus. Spermatozoa had a circular head (2 μm) and a fusiform flagellum (12 μm). The 500:1 sperm:oocytes treatment presented the lowest % of unfertilized oocytes, and lysis was observed in the 1000:1 treatment. An inverse relationship was observed between temperature and the duration of the stages of embryonic development. At 16 °C, veliger D larvae were observed at 41 h 45′ pf (88 ± 13.0 μm). Umbonate larvae were obtained at day 16 in the 13 °C culture and at day 10 in the 16 °C and 19 °C treatment (140 μm). On day 16 of culture, advanced umbonate larvae with a well-defined stomach (235 μm) were observed. The larval growth rate was higher in the 19 °C treatment (3.6 μm day−1) than the 13 °C and 16 °C treatment (2, 2.2 μm day−1). The mortality was higher in the 19 °C treatment (91%). These results are an initial contribution towards the culture of M. donacium as part of small-scale aquaculture in South America. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gamete, Embryo and Larvae Handling in Aquatic Animals)
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11 pages, 654 KiB  
Article
Effect of Application of Different Activation Media on Fertilization and Embryo Survival of Northern Pike, (Esox lucius) under Hatchery Conditions
by Marek J. Łuczyński, Joanna Nowosad, Joanna Łuczyńska and Dariusz Kucharczyk
Animals 2022, 12(8), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12081022 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1669
Abstract
One of the finfish species that European and North American breeders are most interested in is the northern pike, Esox lucius. Artificial reproduction and the production of viable larvae has a huge impact on further culture. The quality of stripped gametes is [...] Read more.
One of the finfish species that European and North American breeders are most interested in is the northern pike, Esox lucius. Artificial reproduction and the production of viable larvae has a huge impact on further culture. The quality of stripped gametes is highly variable. Therefore, it is important to use gametes with maximum efficiency, which has a direct impact on the amount of stocking material produced and therefore on the economics of production. The aim of this study was to compare northern pike fertilization efficiency, expressed as the survival rate of embryos until hatching. In the first experiment, the highest percentage of hatched embryos was observed in groups of eggs fertilized in a saline diluent prepared with deionized water (after reverse osmosis: group D), at 61.2% and 56.5% in the NaCl5-D and NaCl6-D groups, respectively. The highest percentage of hatched embryos in the second experiment was observed in the egg groups activated with Woynarovich solution (V) at 75.5% and 74.7% for V-D (D—deionized water) and V-T (T—tap water), respectively. In all cases, preparing the activation medium using T versus D water resulted in lower fertilization percentages and lower percentages of hatched larvae. At the same time, two variants (V and B1—Billard solution) were tested during mass spawning in three hatcheries using hatchery water (tap water). The results showed that repeatability was the highest when using activation medium B1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gamete, Embryo and Larvae Handling in Aquatic Animals)
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16 pages, 8665 KiB  
Article
Using Osmotic Pumps to Induce the Production of Gametes in Male and Female European Eels
by Marta Blanes-García, Pablo García-Salinas, Marina Morini, Luz Pérez, Juan F. Asturiano and Victor Gallego
Animals 2022, 12(3), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030387 - 05 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2672
Abstract
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a commercially valued species for aquaculture. Over the past decades, it has experienced a drastic reduction in its natural stocks. Thus, breeding in captivity is considered essential, nowadays, to guarantee the eel aquaculture and to [...] Read more.
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a commercially valued species for aquaculture. Over the past decades, it has experienced a drastic reduction in its natural stocks. Thus, breeding in captivity is considered essential, nowadays, to guarantee the eel aquaculture and to reduce pressure on natural populations. Traditionally, the European eel has been sexually matured by means of weekly hormonal injections, which cause stress to the fish. The purpose of this research study was to assess the use of osmotic pumps as a new method to induce sexual maturation in male and female European eels, without the weekly injection. The control groups were treated with weekly hormone injections (recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin for males and carp pituitary extract for females), and the implanted groups were treated with osmotic pumps (ALZET® osmotic pumps) loaded with the respective hormones. Regarding male European eels, this study shows that the use of controlled release systems was able to induce the maturation and spermiation, but without the necessary capacity to produce enough gametes with acceptable quality parameters that could meet the needs of a commercial eel hatchery. Concerning female European eels, the study demonstrates that the use of osmotic pumps loaded with CPE became an effective method, generating early maturations (4 to 10 weeks) in 50% of the females, so this method could become a viable alternative for eel hatchery procedures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gamete, Embryo and Larvae Handling in Aquatic Animals)
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19 pages, 47727 KiB  
Article
Sperm Repository for a Breeding Program of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica: Sample Collection, Processing, Cryopreservation, and Data Management Plan
by Huiping Yang, Yuanzi Huo, Jayme C. Yee, Scott Rikard, William C. Walton and Eric Saillant
Animals 2021, 11(10), 2836; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102836 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2158
Abstract
The Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Family Ostreidae) is one of the most important fishery and aquaculture species in the U.S. and is a keystone species for coastal reefs. A breeding program was initiated in 2019 to support the fast-growing aquaculture industry culturing this [...] Read more.
The Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Family Ostreidae) is one of the most important fishery and aquaculture species in the U.S. and is a keystone species for coastal reefs. A breeding program was initiated in 2019 to support the fast-growing aquaculture industry culturing this species in the Gulf of Mexico. Oysters from 17 wild populations in embayment along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast from southwest Florida to the Matagorda Bay, Texas were used as broodstock for the program to maximize genetic diversity in the base population. A sperm repository of the broodstock was established to support the breeding project. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the sperm sample collection, processing, cryopreservation, and the data management plan involved in the establishment of a sperm germplasm repository of base populations. The supporting objectives were to: (1) develop a data management plan for the sperm repository; (2) streamline the procedure for sample collection, processing, and cryopreservation; (3) incorporate sperm quality analysis into the procedure, and (4) archive the cryopreserved samples as a repository for future use in the breeding program. This sperm repository included a total of 102 male oysters from the 17 collection sites (six oysters per site). A data management plan was developed with six categories, including sample collection, phenotype, fresh sperm, genotype, cryopreservation, and post-thaw sperm, as guide for data collection. Sperm collection was accomplished by strip spawn, and fresh sperm production, motility, and fertility were recorded for quality analysis. Cryopreserved sperm samples were sorted, labelled, archived, and stored in liquid nitrogen for future use. Post-thaw motility (1–30%) and plasm membrane integrity (15.34–70.36%) were recorded as post-thaw quality parameters. Overall, this study demonstrated a streamlined procedure of oyster sperm collection, processing, and cryopreservation for establishing a sperm repository that can serve as a template for construction of oyster germplasm repositories for breeding programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gamete, Embryo and Larvae Handling in Aquatic Animals)
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