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Agronomy
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New Insight into Domestication, Breeding, Agronomy and Animal Production of...
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New Insight into Domestication, Breeding, Agronomy and Animal Production of Perennial Herbaceous Forage Legume Tedera

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Grassland and Pasture Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 8820

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Daniel Real

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
Interests: breeding, agronomy, and animal production of forage species

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Mediterranean climate is characterized by winter and spring rainfall followed by dry summers and autumns. In many parts of the world with a Mediterranean climate, seasonal rainfall is becoming more unreliable, and more out-of-season rainfall is occurring. Perennial species that can provide forage out of season are very valuable for Mediterranean farming systems. The perennial forage legume tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa) is native to the Mediterranean and very well adapted to provide green and high-quality forage at strategic times of the year to fill feed gaps in the total annual forage production system. Results from Western Australia, Southern Europe, and North Africa are providing cutting-edge research on this species. This Special Issue invites researchers from Mediterranean climates to publish their research work on tedera. We call for contributions that cover domestication, genetic biodiversity within the genus, adaptation to different Mediterranean ecosystems, breeding, agronomy, and animal production.

Dr. Daniel Real
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tedera
  • Bituminaria bituminosa
  • agronomy
  • animal production

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6337 KiB  
Article
LANZA® Tedera Is Strongly Suppressed by Competition from Lolium multiflorum and Is Best Adapted to Light-Textured Soils
by Jesús Fernández-Habas, Daniel Real, Tom Vanwalleghem and Pilar Fernández-Rebollo
Agronomy 2023, 13(4), 965; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13040965 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1401
Abstract
Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata, known as Tedera, is a promising forage for Mediterranean climates. An improved variety named LANZA® has been developed. Previous research suggests that soil water saturation in heavy-textured soils might affect its initial development. Competition from grasses could [...] Read more.
Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata, known as Tedera, is a promising forage for Mediterranean climates. An improved variety named LANZA® has been developed. Previous research suggests that soil water saturation in heavy-textured soils might affect its initial development. Competition from grasses could also compromise its successful establishment and persistence. We investigated the effects of soils with contrasting textures (loamy sand vs. clay) with a high soil water content and the competition from Lolium multiflorum on the development of LANZA® in a pot experiment. Dry mass (DM) production of LANZA® was strongly reduced (86%) when grown with L. multiflorum. LANZA® shoot DM was 60% higher than the total shoot DM production of the mixture of LANZA® and L. multiflorum. Soil type did not significantly affect the shoot and total root DM. However, a 44% reduction of the DM of thin roots and slower development was observed in clay soils, which may indicate a preference for light-textured soils. This study provides further information on the factors limiting the establishment and persistence of LANZA®. Future research should confirm these results at field scale and investigate measures aimed at reducing early competition in monocultures and functional complementarity with partner species in mixtures to successfully establish LANZA®. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Domestication, Breeding, Agronomy and Animal Production of Perennial Herbaceous Forage Legume Tedera)
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14 pages, 1784 KiB  
Article
Sheep Preference for Fresh Leaf and Stem of Seven Accessions of Tedera Was Not Influenced by Prior Grazing Experience and Wilting Made No Difference
by Justin Hardy, Chris Oldham, Phil Vercoe, Dean Thomas, John Milton, Daniel Real, Andrew van Burgel and Eric Dobbe
Agronomy 2023, 13(1), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010246 - 13 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1175
Abstract
Tedera is a valuable high-quality forage for sheep during summer–autumn. There is evidence that prior grazing experience of novel forages influences preference and haymaking of tedera improves preference by goats. In the first experiment, it was hypothesised that the voluntary feed intake (VFI) [...] Read more.
Tedera is a valuable high-quality forage for sheep during summer–autumn. There is evidence that prior grazing experience of novel forages influences preference and haymaking of tedera improves preference by goats. In the first experiment, it was hypothesised that the voluntary feed intake (VFI) of fresh leaves and stems of tedera by sheep would be greater for experienced vs. naïve sheep. In the second experiment, it was hypothesised that the VFI of naïve sheep fed wilted leaves and stems of tedera would be greater than fresh leaves and stems of tedera. To test these hypotheses, adult Merino sheep were fed seven accessions of tedera, in two outdoor pen feeding experiments conducted consecutively. Each of six pens had 14 feeders, two for each accession, and two sheep. In experiment 1, three pens had sheep that had previously grazed tedera (experienced) and three pens had sheep with no experience (naïve), and all were fed fresh leaves and stems of the seven tedera accessions. Experiment 2 involved only naïve sheep, with three pens fed fresh leaves and stems and three pens fed wilted leaves and stems of the seven tedera accessions. Preference was measured each day for six days in experiment 1; and for five days in experiment 2 by calculating the average differences of feed offered and feed remaining from the feeders. In experiment 1, experienced sheep showed no difference in preference (average percentage eaten) in the first hour of each day compared to naïve sheep (70% vs. 56% DM intake (kg), p = 0.27). There was an increase in the amount eaten from the first to the last day for both groups, except for the intake of one accession that was reduced for the experienced sheep. In experiment 2, there was no statistical difference in preference between accessions. However, when the average percentage eaten by the experienced and naïve groups are combined, they are strongly correlated, with significant differences between accessions. Sheep did not eat more wilted tedera compared to fresh, which did not support our hypothesis. The only differences we found in sheep preference for tedera accessions occurred in experiment 1. Further studies to investigate seasonal differences in sheep preference between accessions is required and increased replication is needed to better determine the effect of prior grazing experience on the preference for tedera accessions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Domestication, Breeding, Agronomy and Animal Production of Perennial Herbaceous Forage Legume Tedera)
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20 pages, 5418 KiB  
Article
Critical P, K and S Concentrations in Soil and Shoot Samples for Optimal Tedera Productivity and Nodulation
by Daniel Real, Richard G. Bennett, Nazanin K. Nazeri and David M. Weaver
Agronomy 2022, 12(7), 1581; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071581 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1505
Abstract
Tedera is a forage legume that can provide out-of-season green feed in Mediterranean climates. To date, growers have had no comprehensive soil nutrition guidelines to optimise tedera production. We undertook field and glasshouse studies to understand tedera’s macronutrient requirements. Three field experiments were [...] Read more.
Tedera is a forage legume that can provide out-of-season green feed in Mediterranean climates. To date, growers have had no comprehensive soil nutrition guidelines to optimise tedera production. We undertook field and glasshouse studies to understand tedera’s macronutrient requirements. Three field experiments were sown with tedera cv. Lanza® at Cunderdin, Dandaragan and Three Springs in Western Australia. These experiments evaluated seven levels of phosphorus (P) (0–30 kg ha−1) and potassium (K) (0–80 kg ha−1) and two combined treatments with P and K. Glasshouse pot experiments were conducted using tedera cultivars Lanza® and Palma and lucerne cultivar SARDI Grazer. Ten concentrations of added P (0–256 mg kg−1), ten of K (0–256 mg kg−1) and ten of sulphur (S) (0–16 mg kg−1) were tested. There was no significant response to P or K in field soils at Cunderdin or Three Springs. There was no response to K at Dandaragan, but P produced a positive response in the July and October growing season cuts. In the glasshouse, tedera cultivars reached peak productivity at lower soil Colwell P (7.6 to 12 mg kg−1) than lucerne (22 mg kg−1). Lanza® had a moderate biomass response, and Palma did not show a significant response to Colwell K (0.8 to 142 mg kg−1) or soil S (1.3 to 12.5 mg kg−1). Nodulation was greatly reduced at the extremes in P and K treatments. For the first time, these field and glasshouse results have allowed us to establish guidelines for optimal soil nutrition for tedera that growers can use to benchmark the soil or shoot nutrient status of their tedera pastures and assess the economic benefit of correcting deficiencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Domestication, Breeding, Agronomy and Animal Production of Perennial Herbaceous Forage Legume Tedera)
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22 pages, 3685 KiB  
Article
Herbicide Tolerance Options for Weed Control in Lanza® Tedera
by Daniel Real, Harmohinder S. Dhammu, John Moore, David Clegg and Andrew van Burgel
Agronomy 2022, 12(5), 1198; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051198 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2006
Abstract
Tedera is a drought-tolerant perennial forage legume introduced in Australia in 2006. In October 2018, T15-1218 Lanza®, the world’s first tedera variety, was released by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and Meat & Livestock Australia for commercial use. [...] Read more.
Tedera is a drought-tolerant perennial forage legume introduced in Australia in 2006. In October 2018, T15-1218 Lanza®, the world’s first tedera variety, was released by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and Meat & Livestock Australia for commercial use. A key agronomic practise for the successful establishment and adoption of tedera is to have a robust herbicide package to control a range of grass and broadleaf weeds well tolerated by tedera. A total of 9 pre-emergent and 44 post-emergent herbicide treatments were evaluated in eight experiments from 2017 to 2021. To control grasses such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), propyzamide and carbetamide can be recommended for pre- or post-emergent applications and butroxydim, clethodim, and haloxyfop for post-emergent applications. The broadleaf pre-emergent herbicides recommended are clopyralid to control emerged capeweed (Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns), fomesafen to control pre-emergent wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), and the double mix of fomesafen + diuron, flumetsulam + diuron, and the triple mix of fomesafen + diuron + flumetsulam to control pre-emergent capeweed, pre- and post-emergent wild radish, and other broadleaf weeds. The most consistently well tolerated post-emergent herbicides by tedera seedlings and adult plants were diflufenican, diuron, flumetsulam, fomesafen, and their two- or three-way mixes that will provide good control of capeweed and wild radish. Desiccants such as paraquat or diquat were also well tolerated by 1-year-old tedera plants that recovered after being desiccated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Domestication, Breeding, Agronomy and Animal Production of Perennial Herbaceous Forage Legume Tedera)
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15 pages, 1937 KiB  
Article
Critical Agronomic Practices for Establishing the Recently Domesticated Perennial Herbaceous Forage Legume Tedera in Mediterranean-like Climatic Regions in Western Australia
by Daniel Real
Agronomy 2022, 12(2), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020274 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2056
Abstract
Tedera is a Mediterranean perennial herbaceous forage legume that remains green during summer and autumn with minimal leaf drop when grown in the medium to low rainfall zones of Western Australia. This unique attribute allows out-of-growing-season grazing that can complement the traditional grazing [...] Read more.
Tedera is a Mediterranean perennial herbaceous forage legume that remains green during summer and autumn with minimal leaf drop when grown in the medium to low rainfall zones of Western Australia. This unique attribute allows out-of-growing-season grazing that can complement the traditional grazing system based on winter annual species. Tedera is a traditional rangeland forage in the Canary Islands, where it recruits naturally from seed. Now, following its domestication, an agronomy package needs to be developed to allow reliable establishment of commercial plantings. From 2017 to 2020, experiments were conducted at Cunderdin, Dandaragan, Three Springs, Manjimup, and Merredin in WA using the tedera cultivar Lanza®. The experiments evaluated four sowing times, two sowing depths in the field sites, six sowing depths in a glasshouse experiment, three sowing rates, and three row spacings. Plant counts, establishment percentages, and dry matter biomass productions were measured. Based on this experimental experience it is concluded that Lanza® tedera performs best if sown just before or early after the start of the rainy season, at 2 cm of depth, with a 15 kg/ha sowing rate, and at a row spacing of 22 cm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Domestication, Breeding, Agronomy and Animal Production of Perennial Herbaceous Forage Legume Tedera)
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