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Volume 7
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Logistics, Volume 7, Issue 3 (September 2023) – 32 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Blockchain technology (BCT) enhances supply chain coordination, offering benefits like tamper-free transactions and cost reductions, particularly in agriculture. It ensures transparency and traceability, improving trust in the food supply chain. While the adoption of BCT in agriculture brings advantages like traceability and efficiency, it faces challenges such as unclear policies and high costs. This study uses theoretical models to understand BCT adoption factors in agriculture. This study aims to identify factors influencing BCT adoption in Australian agriculture, addressing barriers and contributing to theoretical knowledge integration in technology-related models. It holds promise for enhancing supply chain practices and BCT adoption in agriculture, benefiting stakeholders. View this paper
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19 pages, 1447 KiB  
Review
From Trash to Profit: How Packaging Waste Management Has Driven the Circular Economy—An Integrative Literature Review
by Jorge Alfredo Cerqueira-Streit, Patrícia Guarnieri, Luciel Henrique de Oliveira and Jacques Demajorovic
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030066 - 20 Sep 2023
Viewed by 2339
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the need to adopt a restorative and regenerative model proposed by circular economy (CE). Methods: This article aims to identify the current status of packaging waste management in the CE context through an integrative literature review [...] Read more.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the need to adopt a restorative and regenerative model proposed by circular economy (CE). Methods: This article aims to identify the current status of packaging waste management in the CE context through an integrative literature review using Scopus and Web of Science databases. Using the Bibliometrix package, 162 articles were analyzed. Results: A bibliometric overview is presented, including the prominent authors and journals, and most cited articles, techniques and research methods used. Most of the analyzed articles are of the theoretical–empirical, quali–quantitative type, and plastic is the most studied material when a paper focused on one waste item. The contribution of packaging waste management for the transition to CE is discussed, highlighting important actions such as the replacement of materials to increase recyclability, the installation of voluntary delivery points associated with education programs focusing on the environment and support for cooperatives of waste pickers. In addition, a research agenda was developed that highlights the main gaps identified to guide future studies. Conclusion: Finally, the managerial contributions of the study are emphasized in particular by providing insight into the implementation of this model of growing international interest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Value Creation in Operations Management and Supply Chain Management: Best Papers from SIMPOI* and ENANPAD** 2022)
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35 pages, 1305 KiB  
Article
Measuring Supply Chain Performance as SCOR v13.0-Based in Disruptive Technology Era: Scale Development and Validation
by Özden Özkanlısoy and Füsun Bulutlar
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030065 - 18 Sep 2023
Viewed by 3368
Abstract
Background: Supply chain performance measurement is an integral part of supply chain management today, as it makes many critical contributions to supply chains, especially for companies and supply chains to identify potential problems and improvement fields, evaluate the efficiency of processes, and enhance [...] Read more.
Background: Supply chain performance measurement is an integral part of supply chain management today, as it makes many critical contributions to supply chains, especially for companies and supply chains to identify potential problems and improvement fields, evaluate the efficiency of processes, and enhance the health and success of supply chains. The purpose of this study is to contribute to future research and practical applications by presenting a more standard, comprehensive, and up-to-date measurement scale developed based on the SCOR model version 13.0 performance measures in the disruptive technology era. Methods: The study was performed in seven stages and the sample size consists of 227 companies for pilot data and 452 companies for the main data. The stages comprise item generation and purification, exploratory factor analysis for the pilot study and main study, confirmatory factor analysis for the main study, convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity appraisal, and investigation of bias effect. Results: The scale was developed and validated as a five-factor and thirty-one item structure. Conclusions: Some key trends and indicators must be followed today to perceive the landscape of future supply chains. This measurement scale closely follows the future supply chains. Additionally, the findings have been confirmed by the contributions of disruptive technologies and the conceptual structure of supply chain management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart, Agile, Sustainable & Integrated: The Logistics of the Future)
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16 pages, 2019 KiB  
Article
Development of a Novel Fuzzy Hierarchical Location-Routing Optimization Model Considering Reliability
by Javid Ghahremani-Nahr, Hamed Nozari, Maryam Rahmaty, Parvaneh Zeraati Foukolaei and Azita Sherejsharifi
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030064 - 14 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1343
Abstract
Background: This paper discusses the optimization of a novel fuzzy hierarchical location-routing problem, taking into consideration reliability. The mathematical model presented aims to determine the optimal locations of production centers and warehouses, as well as the optimal routing of vehicles, in order [...] Read more.
Background: This paper discusses the optimization of a novel fuzzy hierarchical location-routing problem, taking into consideration reliability. The mathematical model presented aims to determine the optimal locations of production centers and warehouses, as well as the optimal routing of vehicles, in order to minimize total costs. Methods: Because of the uncertainty surrounding the demand and transportation cost parameters, a fuzzy programming method was employed to control the model. To solve the mathematical model, both GA and PSO algorithms were used. Results: The results show that as the uncertainty rate increases, the total costs also increase. Additionally, the results indicate that the maximum relative difference percentage between the solutions of the GA and PSO, and the optimal solutions are 0.587 and 0.792, respectively. On the other hand, analysis of numerical examples demonstrates that the Baron Solver is unable to solve large-scale numerical examples. Conclusions: By comparing the results of GA and PSO, it is observed that PSO was able to solve numerical examples in less time than GA, while GA obtained better results than PSO. Therefore, the TOPSIS method was used to rank the different solution methods, which resulted in GA being recognized as an effective algorithm with a utility weight of 0.972. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Its Application in Sustainable Smart Logistics)
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40 pages, 1091 KiB  
Systematic Review
Transformative Procurement Trends: Integrating Industry 4.0 Technologies for Enhanced Procurement Processes
by Areej Althabatah, Mohammed Yaqot, Brenno Menezes and Laoucine Kerbache
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030063 - 13 Sep 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7396
Abstract
Background: the advent of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) innovations has revolutionized supply chain management through technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrated into procurement processes. Methods: this study addresses a critical knowledge gap by conducting a comprehensive [...] Read more.
Background: the advent of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) innovations has revolutionized supply chain management through technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrated into procurement processes. Methods: this study addresses a critical knowledge gap by conducting a comprehensive review of 111 papers sourced from the Scopus database. These papers are classified into seven sub-themes encompassing I4.0 or procurement 4.0 (P4.0), big data, IoT, additive manufacturing, blockchain, e-procurement, and AI. Results: the investigation reveals that I4.0 technologies, particularly e-procurement and blockchain, have garnered substantial attention. Such technologies offer diverse value propositions, encompassing streamlined supplier evaluation, lead time reduction, cost optimization, and enhanced data security. Conclusion: the paper underscores pivotal trends and insights for the evolution of Procurement 4.0, illuminating a path toward more efficient supply chain management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic New Technological Solutions, Research Methods, Simulation and Analytical Models That Support the Development of Modern Transport Systems)
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26 pages, 2898 KiB  
Article
A New Model for Determining the Price of Product Distribution Based on Fuzzy Logic
by Predrag Grozdanović, Anđela Gligorijević, Milan Andrejić, Miloš Nikolić and Milorad Kilibarda
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030062 - 13 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1344
Abstract
Background: Distribution is a very important part of logistics and an activity that is present in every area today. One of the basic problems in distribution is how to correctly determine its price. For this reason, this paper presents a model created [...] Read more.
Background: Distribution is a very important part of logistics and an activity that is present in every area today. One of the basic problems in distribution is how to correctly determine its price. For this reason, this paper presents a model created to determine the price of the product distribution service. Methods: The model first determines the base of the distribution price, which consists of a fixed and a variable part. The fixed part depends on the distance traveled, and the variable part is defined by fuzzy logic. To determine the variable part, a fuzzy logic system was created that depends on four input variables: inaccessibility of the client’s location, driving time, quantity of goods, and unloading time. The reason for applying fuzzy logic is its ability to set the distribution price for each client individually, without generalization. Certain criteria that affect the distribution price such as type of vehicle, quality of service, and type of goods, which could not be represented by fuzzy numbers, were considered as additional corrective factors. Results: The model was tested on hypothetical examples created by the authors from this field and on examples of company that provide distribution services. In the case study, a comparison was made between the distribution price obtained by applying the created fuzzy logic model and the price defined by the model used by the company "X". Conclusions: The model created in this way enables easy adaptation to constant changes in the prices of oil derivatives due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the war but also considers various unpredictable circumstances that may occur during delivery such as roadworks, crowds, vehicle breakdown, location inaccessibility due to bad weather, etc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Its Application in Sustainable Smart Logistics)
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18 pages, 325 KiB  
Article
Order Picking Problem: A Model for the Joint Optimisation of Order Batching, Batch Assignment Sequencing, and Picking Routing
by Antonio Maria Coruzzolo, Francesco Lolli, Elia Balugani, Elisa Magnani and Miguel Afonso Sellitto
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030061 - 11 Sep 2023
Viewed by 2007
Abstract
Background: Order picking is a critical activity in end-product warehouses, particularly using the picker-to-part system, entail substantial manual labor, representing approximately 60% of warehouse work. Methods: This study develops a new linear model to perform batching, which allows for defining, assigning, and sequencing [...] Read more.
Background: Order picking is a critical activity in end-product warehouses, particularly using the picker-to-part system, entail substantial manual labor, representing approximately 60% of warehouse work. Methods: This study develops a new linear model to perform batching, which allows for defining, assigning, and sequencing batches and determining the best routing strategy. Its goal is to minimise the completion time and the weighted sum of tardiness and earliness of orders. We developed a second linear model without the constraints related to the picking routing to reduce complexity. This model searches for the best routing using the closest neighbour approach. As both models were too complex to test, the earliest due date constructive heuristic algorithm was developed. To improve the solution, we implemented various algorithms, from multi-start with random ordering to more complex like iterated local search. Results: The proposed models were tested on a real case study where the picking time was reduced by 57% compared to single-order strategy. Conclusions: The results showed that the iterated local search multiple perturbation algorithms could successfully identify the minimum solution and significantly improve the solution initially obtained with the heuristic earliest due date algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic New Technological Solutions, Research Methods, Simulation and Analytical Models That Support the Development of Modern Transport Systems)
26 pages, 7341 KiB  
Article
International Transportation Mode Selection through Total Logistics Cost-Based Intelligent Approach
by Rushikesh A. Patil, Abhishek D. Patange and Sujit S. Pardeshi
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030060 - 07 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2822
Abstract
Background: International transportation has grown substantially, causing total logistics costs (TLCs) to rise. Companies are increasingly striving for their reduction. The most crucial factor affecting TLCs is the transportation mode, and its appropriate selection has become vital for firms. Maritime transport is [...] Read more.
Background: International transportation has grown substantially, causing total logistics costs (TLCs) to rise. Companies are increasingly striving for their reduction. The most crucial factor affecting TLCs is the transportation mode, and its appropriate selection has become vital for firms. Maritime transport is the most preferred mode for international shipments, while air transport is also increasingly preferred due to the rise in underweight and high-frequency shipments, the expectation of reduced delivery times, and inventory costs. However, a thorough comparative analysis is necessary for the selection. Methods: This paper proposes an intelligent approach based on TLCs. Non-linear optimization is adopted for regular replenishment, while maching-learning classifiers are employed to establish a decision boundary for the chargeable weight of shipments. Conclusions: The study assists in decision making and also establishes a country-wide threshold, highlighting the importance of a country-based logistics strategy. The paper successfully establishes the trends and relations between logistics parameters, which assists the logistics decision making. Research identifies the gaps in the existing literature and bridges them by addressing the required concerns. Full article
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19 pages, 1325 KiB  
Hypothesis
Identifying an Optimal Model for Blockchain Technology Adoption in the Agricultural Sector
by Peter Sasitharan Gandhi Maniam, Catherine Prentice, Anne-Marie Sassenberg and Jeffrey Soar
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030059 - 05 Sep 2023
Viewed by 2572
Abstract
Background: Blockchain adoption in agriculture is facing challenges. Some of its key challenges include lack of regulatory framework and unclear policies. Methods: This quantitative research based on a survey aims to examine the factors that influence blockchain implementation in the agricultural [...] Read more.
Background: Blockchain adoption in agriculture is facing challenges. Some of its key challenges include lack of regulatory framework and unclear policies. Methods: This quantitative research based on a survey aims to examine the factors that influence blockchain implementation in the agricultural sector. Several theories including the technology acceptance model (TAM), the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), and the technology readiness index (TRI) were drawn upon to determine the factors influencing Blockchain adoption. The study was undertaken in Australia with 358 agricultural supply chain experts. Results: A range of novel findings were generated. While perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude positively influenced Blockchain adoption, discomfort and insecurity were considered deterrents. Conclusions: The results can be used by relevant practitioners to improve the supply chain management for agriculture business. The findings can also inform a new direction for the research on the agricultural supply chain and the literature on logistics. Full article
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17 pages, 7044 KiB  
Article
Risk Analysis of Transport Requalification Projects in the Urban Mobility Problem Caused by a Mining Disaster
by Marcele Elisa Fontana, Natallya de Almeida Levino, José Leão, Patrícia Guarnieri and Emerson Philipe Sinesio
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030058 - 04 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1681
Abstract
Background: This paper proposes a risk analysis of transport requalification projects in the urban mobility problem caused by a mining disaster related to irregular rock salt extraction in the city of Maceió, Brazil. Methods: The model is composed of three main steps: problem [...] Read more.
Background: This paper proposes a risk analysis of transport requalification projects in the urban mobility problem caused by a mining disaster related to irregular rock salt extraction in the city of Maceió, Brazil. Methods: The model is composed of three main steps: problem definition, risk management, and decision analysis. For this purpose, we used the Picture Fuzzy-Delphi method for data collection and experts’ judgment elicitation and the Delphi method was used to assess the problem without interference from others. In addition, we used Picture Fuzzy Sets (PFSs) to incorporate uncertain information in the decision-making process. Results: The results of the proposed model demonstrated consistency and relevance to the discussion. The application of methods shows the risks of the project based on a general perspective. It evaluates the sustainability tripod: economic, environmental, and social points of view, assessing the occurrence risk and intensity of the risk. Conclusions: The main objective of the work was achieved; however, some limitations of this study are related to the methods used to assess risks and the options of projects of requalification available at the moment of data analysis. This paper contributes because it systematizes the risk management of projects related to requalification in urban mobility. Full article
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18 pages, 688 KiB  
Article
Sport Logistics: Considerations on the Nexus of Logistics and Sport Management and Its Unique Features
by Christoph Pott, Christoph Breuer and Michael ten Hompel
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030057 - 28 Aug 2023
Viewed by 2634
Abstract
Background: This paper is the first-ever discussion of sport logistics as an intersection of the academic disciplines of logistics and sport management. Methods: It reviews past literature and states that logistics in sport is widely overlooked in academic literature. It illustrates [...] Read more.
Background: This paper is the first-ever discussion of sport logistics as an intersection of the academic disciplines of logistics and sport management. Methods: It reviews past literature and states that logistics in sport is widely overlooked in academic literature. It illustrates the importance and pervasive nature of logistics in the sport industry and questions how sport logistics can be positioned at the interface of logistics and sport management science. Both disciplines are contrasted under the common lens of Porter’s value chain. Results: Operations, organization and marketing are identified along with economics and strategy as areas of sport management (highly) involved with logistics. Sport logistics is defined as a research area dealing with storage and transportation issues in sport organizations. Conclusions: Based on a case example from practice, athlete equipment logistics, the authors elaborate on the unique characteristics of managing logistics in sport, e.g., low competition, personal relationships and high demand predictability. They call for a broader discourse on sport logistics in academia. Full article
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15 pages, 1912 KiB  
Article
Agroforestry Biomass Recovery Supply Chain Management: A More Efficient Information Flow Model Based on a Web Platform
by Tiago Bastos, Leonor C. Teixeira, João C. O. Matias and Leonel J. R. Nunes
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030056 - 23 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1491
Abstract
Background: With the increasing societal focus on sustainability and the critical need for innovative energy solutions, this research emphasizes the undervalued biomass originating from waste products of agroforestry activities. The traditional practice of disposing of these waste products through open-air burning has [...] Read more.
Background: With the increasing societal focus on sustainability and the critical need for innovative energy solutions, this research emphasizes the undervalued biomass originating from waste products of agroforestry activities. The traditional practice of disposing of these waste products through open-air burning has led to environmental challenges and a tragic loss of their inherent energy potential. Methods: This study adopts a multifaceted approach, integrating literature reviews, expert interviews from both the academic and professional sectors, and surveys. The central focus is on understanding supply chain inefficiencies and communication gaps that contribute to waste and addressing them through the Lean philosophy, renowned for its waste reduction benefits. Results: Our research culminated in the development of a unique information management model based on a web application. Additionally, the study provides a theoretical groundwork for an application that backs the proposed model. Conclusions: The presented strategy and web-based model offer promising avenues for managing waste products from agroforestry activities more sustainably and efficiently. This approach not only addresses the environmental issues arising from waste disposal but also taps into the significant energy potential these waste products hold. Full article
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17 pages, 957 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Technologies in Increasing Transparency in Textile Supply Chains
by Caterina Hauschild and Angelica Coll
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030055 - 21 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1569
Abstract
Background: In the current political discourse, supply chain transparency is seen as a key to improving the working and environmental conditions within textile supply chains. Additionally, the use of technology is increasingly being regarded as a means of reducing complexity and increasing transparency [...] Read more.
Background: In the current political discourse, supply chain transparency is seen as a key to improving the working and environmental conditions within textile supply chains. Additionally, the use of technology is increasingly being regarded as a means of reducing complexity and increasing transparency within these supply chains. While much research has been conducted to understand the impact of the textile industry on sustainability and the impact of technology on the overall performance of the textile supply chains, little attention has been placed on the following question: How do technologies affect transparency within the textile supply chains? Methods: We conducted seven interviews with actors from the textile industry. Based on these collected data, the relevance of selected technologies for improving transparency is established and the challenges of their implementation and impact on the industry are assessed. Results: Digital technologies, such as blockchain, the Internet of Things and dialog platforms, are promising instruments for transparency, even though their current implementation is not ideal. Furthermore, great skepticism on platforms for reporting (audits and complaint systems) is still prevalent. Conclusions: Since the influence of transparency on sustainability is conditioned by the goal orientation with which the technologies are implemented and used, we propose a framework for the implementation of the selected technologies that account for the interaction between said technologies in the textile supply chains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current State and Future of International Logistics Networks—The Role of Digitalization and Sustainability in a Globalized World)
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10 pages, 1391 KiB  
Article
Waste Collection Optimisation: A Path to a Green and Sustainable City of Makkah
by Haneen Algethami and Ghada Talat Alhothali
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030054 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1409
Abstract
Background: Saudi Arabia is a leading country endorsing a sustainable future, from policymaking and investment to infrastructure development. One of the rising concerns in Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 is solid waste management, especially in Makkah. The Solid Waste Collection Problem (SWCP) refers [...] Read more.
Background: Saudi Arabia is a leading country endorsing a sustainable future, from policymaking and investment to infrastructure development. One of the rising concerns in Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 is solid waste management, especially in Makkah. The Solid Waste Collection Problem (SWCP) refers to the route optimisation of waste collection trucks visiting containers across various locations. Manually generated routes might contain some mistakes, and constructing and revising designed solutions can take a long time. Thus, there is a need to find optimal and fast solutions to this problem. Solving this problem demands tackling numerous routing constraints while aiming to minimise the operational cost. Since solid waste has a significant impact on the environment, reducing fuel consumption must be an objective. Methods: Thus, a mixed-integer programming model is proposed in this paper while using the time-oriented nearest neighbour heuristic. The goal is to investigate their performance on nine existing instances of SWCP in the city of Makkah. The proposed model is implemented in the Gurobi solver. The time-oriented nearest neighbour heuristic constructs the initial solution and is then re-optimised using Google OR-tools. Results: Using the greedy method to construct a solution for this problem generated better solutions when compared to the results obtained without the greedy method. Computational times are also improved by 55.7% on the problem instances. Conclusions: The findings confirm the competitive performance of the proposed method in terms of computational times and solution quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence, Logistics Analytics, and Automation)
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14 pages, 801 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Lean Practices and Organizational Performance: An Analysis of Operations Management in a Public Institution
by Patricia Inês Schwantz, Leander Luiz Klein and Eugênio de Oliveira Simonetto
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030052 - 16 Aug 2023
Viewed by 2196
Abstract
Background: This study aims to analyze the relationship between lean practices and organizational performance in a public institution, specifically, a military organization. Methods: The research has a quantitative approach with a descriptive character, having as a sample the members of a [...] Read more.
Background: This study aims to analyze the relationship between lean practices and organizational performance in a public institution, specifically, a military organization. Methods: The research has a quantitative approach with a descriptive character, having as a sample the members of a military unit located in Rio Grande do Sul. A valid sample of 116 answered questionnaires was obtained. Data analysis was carried out through multivariate statistical treatment, known as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using the Smart-PLS software. Results: At the end of the study, it was possible to confirm the central hypothesis of the study and conclude that lean practices (waste elimination, continuous improvement, support and leadership, member involvement, education and training, long-term thinking, quality, and systemic vision) positively impact organizational performance. Together, these elements combine to engender organizational effectiveness and success, promoting more productivity, quality, profitability, and customer satisfaction, thus improving the organization’s performance. Conclusions: It is evident that the members of the military unit are committed to optimizing organizational performance, showing constant improvement in productivity, rarely committing errors, cost reduction in activities and works, high effectiveness in meeting goals, prioritizing cost reduction in the execution of activities, as well as achieving goals and objectives related to the services provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Value Creation in Operations Management and Supply Chain Management: Best Papers from SIMPOI* and ENANPAD** 2022)
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14 pages, 294 KiB  
Article
Analyzing the Influence of COVID-19 on the E-Commerce Customer’s Retail Experience in the Supermarket Industry: Insights from Brazil
by Beatriz Moschetta Cunha, Carolina Kato Lettieri, Giulia Wiltenburg Cadena and Veridiana Rotondaro Pereira
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030053 - 14 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1945
Abstract
Background: E-commerce’s convenience, speed, and ability to overcome geographical barriers have made it increasingly popular across industries. This study analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on customer experience and satisfaction in supermarket retail e-commerce in the Brazilian market. The objective was [...] Read more.
Background: E-commerce’s convenience, speed, and ability to overcome geographical barriers have made it increasingly popular across industries. This study analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on customer experience and satisfaction in supermarket retail e-commerce in the Brazilian market. The objective was to understand how the pandemic influenced satisfaction in this sector. Methods: A survey research method was employed, utilizing the Critical Incident Technique to identify key quality dimensions important to customers. A total of 133 valid responses underwent exploratory factor analysis. Results: Data analysis identified three dimensions significantly affecting overall customer satisfaction. “Presentation of Products in the Application (app)” had the highest correlation, while “Delivery Logistics” had the lowest. However, when considering the COVID-19 factor, “Delivery Logistics” showed the highest correlation. This indicates that the dimension most affected by the pandemic has the least impact on overall satisfaction in supermarket e-commerce. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the significance of understanding customer satisfaction in supermarket e-commerce, not just during the COVID-19 pandemic but also its post-pandemic consequences. Retailers should prioritize improving product presentation in apps, as it greatly influences overall satisfaction. Addressing the pandemic’s impact on delivery logistics is also crucial to ensure competitiveness in the e-commerce market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Value Creation in Operations Management and Supply Chain Management: Best Papers from SIMPOI* and ENANPAD** 2022)
2 pages, 159 KiB  
Editorial
Recent Advances of Solutions Algorithms for Logistics Routing Problems
by Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee, Alireza Goli and Behnam Malmir
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030051 - 10 Aug 2023
Viewed by 958
Abstract
Nowadays, the business landscape is highly focused on establishing efficient logistics systems, with numerous companies striving to gain a strong foothold in the global market and achieve maximum productivity and cost effectiveness [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Solutions Algorithms for Logistics Routing Problems)
23 pages, 3671 KiB  
Review
Interconnectedness between Supply Chain Resilience, Industry 4.0, and Investment
by Adnan Al-Banna, Zaid Ashraf Rana, Mohammed Yaqot and Brenno Menezes
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030050 - 09 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2629
Abstract
Background: As industry and society move towards the second decade of the deluge of advanced technologies of the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) age, introduced circa 2012, it is evident that the global economy continues to grapple with a plethora of ever-intensifying disruptions and vulnerabilities [...] Read more.
Background: As industry and society move towards the second decade of the deluge of advanced technologies of the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) age, introduced circa 2012, it is evident that the global economy continues to grapple with a plethora of ever-intensifying disruptions and vulnerabilities that inflict unexpected and uncontrolled damages on multiple organizational processes. These circumstances demand significant paradigm shifts, placing supply chain resilience (SCR) in the foreground of boardrooms and agendas of executive meetings. Method: This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of selected articles that examine the intricate interplay of I4.0 and SCR under investment constraints. Employing a funnel approach, this study delves deeper into about a hundred papers that were initially selected from a pool of approximately four thousand publications on SCR. The study thoroughly analyzes the interconnection between SCR, I4.0, and investment (INV) while classifying these articles in a structured manner, based on industry type and focus. Results: The primary aim of the paper is to identify trends, gaps, and potential opportunities for future research on the SCR-I4.0-INV interplays. Conclusions: The findings reveal that industries are converging towards the implementation of digital technologies as a strategic move to tackle unexpected, unplanned, and undesired situations. This research illuminates the needs for organizations to prioritize supply chain resilience in the face of disruptions and vulnerabilities while highlighting the potential of digital technologies to enhance their resilience, therefore ensuring sustainable growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence, Logistics Analytics, and Automation)
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26 pages, 901 KiB  
Article
A Two-Stage Stochastic Linear Programming Model for Tactical Planning in the Soybean Supply Chain
by Silvia Araújo dos Reis, José Eugenio Leal and Antônio Márcio Tavares Thomé
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030049 - 04 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1942
Abstract
Background: The soybean market is representative of the world. Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of this crop and has low production costs but high logistical costs, which are influenced mainly by transport costs. Added to these characteristics, the disputed grain supply, [...] Read more.
Background: The soybean market is representative of the world. Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of this crop and has low production costs but high logistical costs, which are influenced mainly by transport costs. Added to these characteristics, the disputed grain supply, the possibility of crop failure, and the randomness of some parameters that influence the soybean supply chain make decisions even more challenging. Methods: To mathematically model this problem, we carried out an analysis of the scientific production related to grain supply chain and the models used to address the problem, as well as a document analysis and a case study. Results: This paper proposes a new two-stage stochastic linear programming model with fixed recourse for tactical planning in the soybean supply chain from the perspective of the shipper under take or pay contracts over a one-year time horizon. The first-stage variables are the grain purchasing decisions and the volumes of rail and road transportation hired in advance. The model addresses 243 scenarios derived from four uncertainty sources: the purchase and sale prices of raw agricultural products on the spot market, the probability of crop failure, and the external demand. Conclusions: The model is successfully applied to a soybean trade firm in Brazil with expected gain of US$4,299,720 when using the stochastic model instead of the deterministic model. The stochastic model protected the firm from take or pay fines and crop failures, contracting a smaller volume of rail transport than what the company does. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Value Creation in Operations Management and Supply Chain Management: Best Papers from SIMPOI* and ENANPAD** 2022)
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21 pages, 636 KiB  
Article
Optimization of the Residual Biomass Supply Chain: Process Characterization and Cost Analysis
by Leonel J. R. Nunes and Sandra Silva
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030048 - 04 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1337
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the vital significance of logistical cost optimization within the residual woody biomass supply chain, aiming to boost both sustainability and the efficient utilization of this resource. There is an emphasis on how adept cost management can determine the [...] Read more.
Background: This study investigates the vital significance of logistical cost optimization within the residual woody biomass supply chain, aiming to boost both sustainability and the efficient utilization of this resource. There is an emphasis on how adept cost management can determine the economic feasibility of exploiting residual biomass. Methods: The research delves into crucial areas including collection, transportation, storage, and processing of biomass, highlighting their respective roles in the total cost. The influence of factors such as seasonality and biomass quality variations on the supply chain's cost and efficiency is explored. To provide an in-depth analysis of these factors, mathematical models are presented that allow for the examination of a variety of scenarios and optimization strategies. Techniques such as linear programming, genetic algorithms, and tabu search are contextualized within these models. Results: The study provides in-sights into individual cost contributions of different logistical operations. It also reveals how seasonality and biomass quality variations directly affect the cost and efficacy of the supply chain. Conclusions: Proficient logistical cost management is crucial for the successful exploitation of residual biomass. The findings have substantial implications for managing the residual biomass supply chain, paving the way for a transition to a low-carbon economy. Full article
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17 pages, 646 KiB  
Article
Green Supply Chain Management: The Effect of Procurement Sustainability on Reverse Logistics
by Nataliia Letunovska, Felix Amoako Offei, Prince Amoh Junior, Oleksii Lyulyov, Tetyana Pimonenko and Aleksy Kwilinski
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030047 - 03 Aug 2023
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5037
Abstract
Background: Sustainable procurement is about considering social and environmental factors alongside financial factors in making procurement decisions and purchasing goods and services that take into account the social, economic, and environmental impact that such purchasing has on people and communities. This study [...] Read more.
Background: Sustainable procurement is about considering social and environmental factors alongside financial factors in making procurement decisions and purchasing goods and services that take into account the social, economic, and environmental impact that such purchasing has on people and communities. This study was carried out to address the effects of procurement sustainability on reverse logistics. It considered four objectives: to establish the relationship between environmental procurement sustainability and reverse logistics, to examine the relationship between economic procurement sustainability and reverse logistics, to examine the relationship between social sustainability procurement and reverse logistics, and to examine the moderating role of government policy. Methods: This study applied structural equation modeling to check the research hypotheses. A purposive sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was used to gather primary data. The data gathered were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 21. The study found that environmental, economic, and social procurement sustainability has a significant and positive effect on reverse logistics. Government policy moderates the relationships between environmental, economic, and social procurement sustainability and reverse logistics. Conclusions: This study recommends that organizations team up with environmental protection agencies to produce environmentally friendly products. Social interventions that can help protect society from damage should be acknowledged. Good economic policies that ensure that organizations increase their wealth should also be acknowledged. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Logistics in the New Era)
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29 pages, 2947 KiB  
Article
A Bi-Objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Model for a Sustainable Agro-Food Supply Chain with Product Perishability and Environmental Considerations
by Rana Azab, Rana S. Mahmoud, Rahma Elbehery and Mohamed Gheith
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030046 - 29 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1886
Abstract
Background: Agro-food supply chains possess specific characteristics due to the diverse nature of products involved and contribute to all three pillars of sustainability, making the optimal design of a sustainable agro-food supply chain a complex problem. Therefore, efficient models incorporating the unique [...] Read more.
Background: Agro-food supply chains possess specific characteristics due to the diverse nature of products involved and contribute to all three pillars of sustainability, making the optimal design of a sustainable agro-food supply chain a complex problem. Therefore, efficient models incorporating the unique characteristics of such chains are essential for making optimal supply chain decisions and achieving economically and environmentally sustainable agro-food supply chains that contribute to global food security. Methods: This article presents a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programing model that integrates agricultural-related strategic decisions into the tactical design of an agro-food supply chain. The model considers transportation, inventory, processing, demand fulfilment, and waste disposal decisions. It also accounts for seasonality and perishability, ensuring a comprehensive approach to sustainability. The model aims to maximize the total generated profits across the supply chain while simultaneously minimizing CO2 emissions as a measure of environmental impact. Results: By implementing the model on a sugar beet supply chain in the Netherlands, strategic crop rotation farm schedules for the crop rotation cycle and the optimum supply network decisions are obtained. Furthermore, different objectives are analyzed and the Pareto-efficient frontier is investigated to analyze the underlying trade-offs. Additionally, the model serves as a decision support tool for managers facilitating informed investment decisions in technologies that prolong product shelf life while maintaining profitability. Conclusions: The proposed multi-objective model offers a valuable framework for designing economically and environmentally sustainable agro-food supply chains. By aligning with sustainability goals and providing decision support, this research contributes to enhancing global food security and promoting sustainable resource utilization. Full article
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12 pages, 740 KiB  
Article
Transport Task Models with Variable Supplier Availabilities
by Julian Vasilev, Rosen Nikolaev and Tanka Milkova
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030045 - 27 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1154
Abstract
Background: With regard to the definition of an optimal transport plan for some material flow in the logistics system in literature and practice, the classical transport task model is developed. The minimization of total transport costs is usually considered for optimality. Some [...] Read more.
Background: With regard to the definition of an optimal transport plan for some material flow in the logistics system in literature and practice, the classical transport task model is developed. The minimization of total transport costs is usually considered for optimality. Some modifications to the classical transport task have also been developed. Methods: The article uses the methods of linear optimization. Based on these methods, two modified transport task models have been constructed, which consider the possibility of planning in advance the quantities available from the suppliers of the transported cargo. These models are applicable in SCM for pharmaceuticals with a national logistics hub. Furthermore, a solver in MS Excel is used to determine the optimal solution of optimization models. Results: Two new (modified, extended) models of the transport task have been constructed, in which a preliminary planning of the available quantities of the transported cargo at the suppliers is made. These quantities shall be planned in such a way as to ensure a minimum total transport cost. Conclusions: By applying the proposed new transport task models, lower total transport costs for carrying out imported pharmaceuticals can be ensured compared to an application of the classical transport task model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic New Technological Solutions, Research Methods, Simulation and Analytical Models That Support the Development of Modern Transport Systems)
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11 pages, 228 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of Truck Driver Pre-Employment Hair and Urine Drug Test Efficacy
by Ming Li, M. Douglas Voss and Joseph D. Cangelosi
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030044 - 26 Jul 2023
Viewed by 2225
Abstract
Background: To help ensure roadway safety, the federal government mandates trucking companies to conduct pre-employment urine drug tests before allowing drivers to operate a commercial motor vehicle. Unfortunately, urine testing has a short detection window and is easily thwarted, leading some carriers [...] Read more.
Background: To help ensure roadway safety, the federal government mandates trucking companies to conduct pre-employment urine drug tests before allowing drivers to operate a commercial motor vehicle. Unfortunately, urine testing has a short detection window and is easily thwarted, leading some carriers to employ hair testing. Methods: t-tests were utilized to compare hair and urine pre-employment drug test results provided by seven large U.S. trucking companies. Results: results indicate that hair’s positivity rate is statistically greater than urine for each examined drug and across all drugs combined. Conclusions: This paper is the only supply chain work of which we are aware that assesses the statistical differences between hair and urine testing positivity rates. Results support hair testing’s increased ability to prevent lifestyle drug users from operating commercial motor vehicles and should be considered by public policy makers considering whether hair testing results should be allowed into the Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse. Full article
21 pages, 2868 KiB  
Review
Neoindustrialization—Reflections on a New Paradigmatic Approach for the Industry: A Scoping Review on Industry 5.0
by Ricardo Pereira and Neri dos Santos
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030043 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1779
Abstract
Background: The Industry 5.0 emerges as a new paradigm for the industry by considering sustainability, human-centered approaches, organizational resilience, and interaction between humans and machines as its core values. This new trend for the future of the industry is referred to as [...] Read more.
Background: The Industry 5.0 emerges as a new paradigm for the industry by considering sustainability, human-centered approaches, organizational resilience, and interaction between humans and machines as its core values. This new trend for the future of the industry is referred to as neoindustrialization. Due to being a topic in development, there is still no precise consensus on its definition, which prompted the current study to comprehensively investigate and analyze the existing literature on Industry 5.0. Methods: The method employed was a scoping review, examining publications from various databases and academic journals, including those specific to the Brazilian context. Results: The results indicate a transition towards an industry that meets societal demands and respects planetary boundaries, aspects that were overlooked by Industry 4.0. Conclusions: In this new scenario, the industry reassumes its leadership by combining technology with new strategies and organizational models. Furthermore, it undergoes organizational changes to align its structure, operations, human resources, and new practices, aiming to meet the demands of society and all stakeholders involved. To achieve this, it is necessary to create an environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship, promoting the development of qualified human capital, investments in research and development, and strengthening partnerships between the public and private sectors. A successful neoindustrialization policy will generate high-quality jobs and foster economic growth. Industry 5.0 is the paradigm that will prevail in the 21st century. It is not a matter of speculation; it is an inseparable and inevitable reality. Otherwise, the industry will be relegated to a secondary role in the process of digital and social transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Value Creation in Operations Management and Supply Chain Management: Best Papers from SIMPOI* and ENANPAD** 2022)
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13 pages, 1935 KiB  
Review
Systematic Literature Review in Reshoring Strategies 4.0
by Daniel Masini Espíndola, Márcio Lopes Pimenta, Cláudio Heleno Pinto da Silva and Ingridi Vargas Bortolaso
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030042 - 17 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1496
Abstract
Background: With global changes in markets and government regulations, most organizations, which previously opted for offshore production, began to return to their country of origin—a process called reshoring. The new strategies for locating units and business models, which involve decisions to outsource [...] Read more.
Background: With global changes in markets and government regulations, most organizations, which previously opted for offshore production, began to return to their country of origin—a process called reshoring. The new strategies for locating units and business models, which involve decisions to outsource production and organizational capacity, now face a new context of Industry 4.0, a market for technologies with the potential to transform entire supply chains in addition to directly influencing organizational aspects with innovative solutions and resource efficiency. Methods: This systematic literature review (SLR) found 43 articles relating to reshoring and Industry 4.0; there was an increase in publications in the last few years. We divided the studies according to 9 aspects: market uncertainties and labor supply; support for managerial decision making; competitive priorities analysis (costs and efficiency); business strategies; information knowledge and collaboration management; political, social and economic changes; risk security and privacy management; supply chain management; and investment market and private equity funds. Results: This article presents a content analysis of articles in the field of administration, focusing on location strategies, technology adoption, and organizational changes. The study identifies key aspects such as research quality, publication trends, regional focus, and strategy topics. The findings emphasize the importance of research objectives and problem-solving for managerial decision-making and highlight the need for further exploration in the literature. Conclusions: Reshoring, Industry 4.0, and location strategies are relevant topics for global management. The supply chain plays a role in decision-making for location and technology adoption, suggesting the need for more research in supply chain management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Value Creation in Operations Management and Supply Chain Management: Best Papers from SIMPOI* and ENANPAD** 2022)
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22 pages, 839 KiB  
Article
Factors Affecting Digital Marketing Adoption in Pakistani Small and Medium Enterprises
by Ihsan Ullah, Muhammad Khan, Dilshodjon Alidjonovich Rakhmonov, Kalonov Mukhiddin Bakhritdinovich, Julija Jacquemod and Junghan Bae
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030041 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5412
Abstract
Background: A substantial portion of the world’s population owns and utilizes computers and mobile devices, contributing to the rapid expansion of digital advertising. Marketers swiftly recognized the communicative benefits of social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Pinterest, and LinkedIn. Considering [...] Read more.
Background: A substantial portion of the world’s population owns and utilizes computers and mobile devices, contributing to the rapid expansion of digital advertising. Marketers swiftly recognized the communicative benefits of social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Pinterest, and LinkedIn. Considering the importance of social media platforms and digital modes of marketing, it is considered especially significant for small firms to integrate these platforms into their business strategies in order to improve performance. Methods: Based on this aim, this study collected data from 363 owners/managers of SMEs in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling is used to check the hypothesized model of the study. Results: The results show that compatibility, owner/manager support, employee IT skills, financial cost, government policies, and social influence significantly affect adoption of digital marketing by SMEs in Pakistan. Conclusions: Furthermore, digital marketing also positively affects SME performance. This paper discusses the study’s findings as well as managerial and academic implications, including its limitations and future research avenues. Full article
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33 pages, 4580 KiB  
Systematic Review
Warehouse Management Systems for Social and Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
by Daria Minashkina and Ari Happonen
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030040 - 07 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4883
Abstract
Background: With the continuing growth of warehouses globally, there is an increasing need for sustainable logistics solutions in warehousing, but research linking warehouse management systems (WMS) and sustainability is lacking. Methods: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis were conducted in Scopus [...] Read more.
Background: With the continuing growth of warehouses globally, there is an increasing need for sustainable logistics solutions in warehousing, but research linking warehouse management systems (WMS) and sustainability is lacking. Methods: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis were conducted in Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2006 to 2022 to investigate academic knowledge of WMS contributing to warehouses’ social and environmental sustainability. Results: Findings revealed only 12 topic-relevant articles from 2013 to 2022, primarily published recently. More recent articles have received more citations than earlier published works. The articles were from multiple research fields, such as business economics, engineering, computer science, and social sciences, with only one article on environmentally sustainable technologies. The top keywords were “warehouse management system”, “internet of things”, “industry 4.0” and “supply chain”. Only six articles had environmental sustainability terms in the keywords. Findings show more discussions about social rather than environmental sustainability. Most studies suggest integrating WMS with other systems to support sustainability efforts in warehousing. Conclusions: The study addressed a gap in academic literature regarding WMS and sustainability. Research findings added knowledge of practical activities to achieve warehouse operations and performance sustainability and proactively reduce warehouse operations’ environmental and social impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current State and Future of International Logistics Networks—The Role of Digitalization and Sustainability in a Globalized World)
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13 pages, 841 KiB  
Review
Future Potential of Trans-Caspian Corridor: Review
by Riina Palu and Olli-Pekka Hilmola
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030039 - 05 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3143
Abstract
Background: The Middle Corridor, a transport route from Asia to Europe that also facilitates major energy projects through the Caspian Sea and its surrounding countries, has gained even more attention after the intensification of the conflict in Ukraine in 2022. Methods: On the [...] Read more.
Background: The Middle Corridor, a transport route from Asia to Europe that also facilitates major energy projects through the Caspian Sea and its surrounding countries, has gained even more attention after the intensification of the conflict in Ukraine in 2022. Methods: On the basis of major scientific papers on the topic, foreign policy addresses from The Diplomat and studies by the United Nations and Asian Development Bank Institute, a framework with five aspects was created. In addition, two interviews with sector stakeholders were conducted to apply the framework and determine the relevance of the route to Finnish and Estonian economies. Results: A multifaceted overview of the current economic, political, and infrastructural state of the Trans-Caspian trade route is given. The practical value of the article lies in creating a framework for evaluating the route for related economies and testing this out for the Finnish and Estonian economies. Conclusions: Despite the challenges, there are enormous opportunities in this logistics route, especially with the restrictions facing Russia due to western bloc sanctions. Finland and Estonia, however, are suffering under the effects of war in Ukraine and the related sanctions, which has hindered the capacity to further enhance development projects. Full article
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21 pages, 3744 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Airfreight-Related Logistics Firms in the City of Cape Town, South Africa
by Masilonyane Mokhele and Tholang Mokhele
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030038 - 04 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1655
Abstract
Background: Airports are essential drivers of spatial development; hence the placement of logistics facilities relative to airports is a topical subject. Despite the wealth of the literature on the subject, relatively little is known about the airfreight catchment of airports. To contribute [...] Read more.
Background: Airports are essential drivers of spatial development; hence the placement of logistics facilities relative to airports is a topical subject. Despite the wealth of the literature on the subject, relatively little is known about the airfreight catchment of airports. To contribute to the existing knowledge, the paper used the study area of the City of Cape Town municipality, South Africa, to address three research objectives, namely analysis of factors that influence the placement of logistics firms in the municipality, analysis of the linkages of the logistics firms with Cape Town International Airport (CTIA), and analysis of the association between airfreight-related firms and the general attributes of logistics firms in the municipality. Methods: The study hinged on a quantitative design, which included a survey and spatial analysis. A total of 110 logistics firms were sampled through a stratified random sampling technique, and 66 firms participated in the telephonic interviews conducted in October and November 2021. Survey data were analyzed using Stata, and spatial analysis was undertaken using ArcGIS 10.8 and QGIS 3.16. Results: It was discovered that a quarter of the respondent logistics firms utilized CTIA for airfreight purposes. At a municipal scale, the potential airfreight catchment of CTIA extended to about a 20 km radius of the airport. Conclusions: In formulating the spatial plans, the planning authorities are encouraged to take cognizance of the possible extent of the catchment, wherein airfreight-related firms do not necessarily locate near the airport. Full article
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48 pages, 2281 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Green Economy for a Supply Chain with Remanufacturing by Both the Supplier and Manufacturer in a Varying Market
by Rimi Karmakar, Sanat K. Mazumder, Md Billal Hossain, Csaba Balint Illes and Arindam Garai
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030037 - 04 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1463
Abstract
Background: In a typical multiechelon supply chain, the supplier makes semifinished items, from which the manufacturer produces finished products to eventually get sold at retailers. However, the majority of existing supply chain models consider the remanufacturing of defective products by solely one [...] Read more.
Background: In a typical multiechelon supply chain, the supplier makes semifinished items, from which the manufacturer produces finished products to eventually get sold at retailers. However, the majority of existing supply chain models consider the remanufacturing of defective products by solely one organization, despite the fact that both the supplier and manufacturer can produce defective products. This study considers the remanufacturing of defective products with fresh materials and additional expenses by both the supplier and manufacturer. Contrary to well-established articles that hold major partners to be accountable for reducing carbon emissions under a carbon cap-and-trade policy, the proposed model presumes an initial green technological investment by each chain partner. Methods: This study represents a varying market with fuzzy cost components that are then defuzzified with λ-integral method. This study determines the critical values of three discrete and four other continuous decision variables that globally maximize the profitability of the proposed model. Results: Slower production with a longer cycle boosts profitability in a developing market. To increase profit, a case study on the oil and natural gas business suggested to reduce the production of defective items and cutting emission through green investments. Conclusions: Managers can sustainably boost profit via careful production, modern machinery, and slightly longer cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainability and Reverse Logistics)
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