Green Supply Chain Management: The Effect of Procurement Sustainability on Reverse Logistics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Research Methods
- To what extent does environmental procurement sustainability affect reverse logistics?
- To what extent does social procurement sustainability relate to reverse logistics?
- To what extent does economic procurement sustainability affect reverse logistics?
- To what extent does the moderating factor of government policy on procurement sustainability affect reverse logistics?
3.2. Data and Sources
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Symbols | Questions |
---|---|
Environmental sustainability | |
EVS1 | The company has passed or is preparing to pass, ISO14001 (Environmental Management Series Standard) certification |
EVS2 | The company exhibits a preferential selection of environmentally friendly products in its purchasing and supply behaviors (environmentally friendly products include green logo products and products with low energy consumption; recycling; products containing minimal or zero toxic substances; the use of green packaging or recyclable packaging of degrading products) |
EVS3 | The concept of environmental protection is evident throughout the company’s design, procurement, production, sales, use, reuse, processing, and other processes |
EVS4 | The company prefers its suppliers to have environmental certifications |
EVS5 | The company actively shares good environmental practice experiences with its partners |
Social sustainability | |
SS1 | The company has adopted SA8000 (social responsibility standards) to regulate the company management’s behavior |
SS2 | The company has established a healthy and safe management system |
SS3 | The company focuses on improving the working environment and welfare benefits |
SS4 | The company often engages in community charity work |
SS5 | The company, when selecting partners, gives priority to those who comply with and support laws, regulations, and standards on social sustainability |
Economic sustainability | |
ECS1 | The company considers the costs of management, production, procurement, and other costs |
ECS2 | In practice, the company considers the results of its behavior, e.g., whether it violates relevant laws and regulations, or whether it will result in potential punishment for the company |
ECS3 | The company considers whether its behavior will damage the image of the company |
ECS4 | In practice, the company not only considers short-term profits, but it also focuses on long-term profits |
The government policy on environmental, social, and economic sustainability and reverse logistics | |
GP1 | Lack of government-supportive policies for RL |
GP2 | Changing regulations due to changing political climate |
GP3 | Lack of regulatory restrictions |
GP4 | Lack of enforceable laws on products’ return of end-of-life |
GP5 | Lack of corporate social responsibility and ethical standards |
GP6 | Company’s policies against RL |
GP7 | Lack of clarity regarding sustainability |
GP8 | Limited forecasting and planning in RL |
Reverse logistics | |
RL1 | Achieving objectives within reverse logistics contributes to achieving the organizational goals |
RL2 | Reverse logistics is important for your company’s future success |
RL3 | Reverse logistics is important for the functioning of your company |
RL4 | Reverse logistics plays an important role in the strategy of your company |
RL5 | High cost associated with reverse logistics |
RL6 | Lack of information on its importance |
RL7 | Uncertainties relating to product returns |
RL8 | Lack of top management awareness of the importance of reverse logistics |
RL9 | Lack of collaboration with supply chain partners in reverse logistics |
RL10 | Customers’ negative perception of returning the products |
Variable | Mean | St.D. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Economic Procurement Sustainability | 3.353 | 1.173 | 1.000 | ||||
Environmental Procurement Sustainability | 2.927 | 1.115 | −0.001 | 1.000 | |||
Government Policy | 3.329 | 1.122 | 0.858 | −0.037 | 1.000 | ||
Reverse Logistics | 3.321 | 1.172 | 0.858 | −0.023 | 0.950 | 1.000 | |
Social Procurement Sustainability | 3.406 | 1.132 | 0.837 | −0.082 | 0.949 | 0.958 | 1.000 |
Component | Initial Eigenvalues | Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | % of Variance | Cumulative % | Total | % of Variance | Cumulative % | |
1 | 12.873 | 39.010 | 39.010 | 12.873 | 39.010 | 39.010 |
2 | 2.805 | 8.501 | 47.511 | 2.805 | 8.501 | 47.511 |
3 | 2.758 | 8.357 | 55.868 | 2.758 | 8.357 | 55.868 |
4 | 2.168 | 6.570 | 62.439 | 2.168 | 6.570 | 62.439 |
5 | 1.834 | 5.557 | 67.996 | 1.834 | 5.557 | 67.996 |
6 | 1.467 | 4.446 | 72.442 | 1.467 | 4.446 | 72.442 |
7 | 1.270 | 3.850 | 76.291 | 1.270 | 3.850 | 76.291 |
8 | 1.152 | 3.490 | 79.782 | 1.152 | 3.490 | 79.782 |
9 | 1.141 | 3.456 | 83.238 | 1.141 | 3.456 | 83.238 |
10 | 0.982 | 2.976 | 86.214 | |||
11 | 0.838 | 2.540 | 88.753 | |||
12 | 0.730 | 2.212 | 90.965 | |||
13 | 0.609 | 1.845 | 92.810 | |||
14 | 0.591 | 1.792 | 94.602 | |||
15 | 0.494 | 1.496 | 96.098 | |||
16 | 0.362 | 1.097 | 97.195 | |||
17 | 0.326 | 0.989 | 98.184 | |||
18 | 0.288 | 0.872 | 99.056 | |||
19 | 0.172 | 0.523 | 99.578 | |||
20 | 0.081 | 0.244 | 99.822 | |||
21 | 0.033 | 0.100 | 99.922 | |||
22 | 0.020 | 0.060 | 99.982 | |||
23 | 0.006 | 0.018 | 100.000 | |||
24 | 1.36 × 10−15 | 4.120 × 10−15 | 100.000 | |||
25 | 1.123 × 10−15 | 3.402 × 10−15 | 100.000 | |||
26 | 4.751 × 10−16 | 1.440 × 10−15 | 100.000 | |||
27 | 1.058 × 10−16 | 3.206 × 10−16 | 100.000 | |||
28 | 1.238 × 10−17 | 3.751 × 10−17 | 100.000 | |||
29 | 4.857 × 10−18 | 1.472 × 10−17 | 100.000 | |||
30 | −5.261 × 10−17 | −1.594 × 10−16 | 100.000 | |||
31 | −7.859 × 10−16 | −2.382 × 10−15 | 100.000 | |||
32 | −1.520 × 10−15 | −4.607 × 10−15 | 100.000 | |||
33 | −1.767 × 10−15 | −5.355 × 10−15 | 100.000 |
Constructs | Items | CA | CR | AVE | VIF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Economic Procurement Sustainability | ECS1 | 0.727 | 0.745 | 0.853 | 0.660 | 1.379 |
ECS2 | 0.854 | 1.540 | ||||
ECS3 | 0.850 | 1.614 | ||||
Environmental Procurement Sustainability | EVS2 | 0.916 | 0.725 | 0.877 | 0.782 | 1.478 |
EVS5 | 0.851 | 1.478 | ||||
Government Policy | GP1 | 0.808 | 0.792 | 0.842 | 0.524 | 2.150 |
GP4 | 0.839 | 1.384 | ||||
GP7 | 0.766 | 2.897 | ||||
GP8 | 0.835 | 2.144 | ||||
Reverse Logistics | RL3 | 0.800 | 0.852 | 0.895 | 0.630 | 1.058 |
RL5 | 0.723 | 1.345 | ||||
RL6 | 0.780 | 1.708 | ||||
RL8 | 0.833 | 2.159 | ||||
RL9 | 0.828 | 2.035 | ||||
Social Procurement Sustainability | SS1 | 0.755 | 0.838 | 0.892 | 0.674 | 1.534 |
SS2 | 0.846 | 1.772 | ||||
SS3 | 0.827 | 2.197 | ||||
SS5 | 0.851 | 2.202 |
Item | Economic Procurement Sustainability | Environmental Procurement Sustainability | Government Policy | Reverse Logistics | Social Procurement Sustainability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ECS1 | 0.727 | 0.029 | 0.629 | 0.517 | 0.500 |
ECS2 | 0.854 | −0.103 | 0.791 | 0.797 | 0.826 |
ECS3 | 0.850 | 0.089 | 0.662 | 0.734 | 0.666 |
EVS2 | 0.014 | 0.914 | −0.043 | −0.022 | −0.095 |
EVS5 | −0.020 | 0.853 | −0.018 | −0.017 | −0.044 |
GP1 | 0.592 | 0.013 | 0.802 | 0.814 | 0.805 |
GP2 | 0.726 | −0.002 | 0.623 | 0.521 | 0.513 |
GP3 | 0.215 | −0.007 | 0.499 | 0.362 | 0.322 |
GP4 | 0.854 | −0.103 | 0.791 | 0.797 | 0.826 |
GP5 | 0.167 | 0.038 | 0.207 | 0.159 | 0.121 |
GP6 | 0.277 | −0.047 | 0.482 | 0.288 | 0.326 |
GP7 | 0.567 | 0.017 | 0.763 | 0.750 | 0.723 |
GP8 | 0.706 | −0.057 | 0.790 | 0.793 | 0.816 |
RL3 | 0.794 | 0.126 | 0.678 | 0.801 | 0.662 |
RL5 | 0.580 | 0.017 | 0.758 | 0.722 | 0.732 |
RL6 | 0.622 | −0.020 | 0.799 | 0.780 | 0.787 |
RL8 | 0.641 | −0.051 | 0.771 | 0.833 | 0.802 |
RL9 | 0.772 | −0.142 | 0.754 | 0.828 | 0.805 |
SS1 | 0.555 | −0.019 | 0.726 | 0.715 | 0.755 |
SS2 | 0.689 | −0.088 | 0.783 | 0.816 | 0.846 |
SS3 | 0.639 | −0.024 | 0.813 | 0.784 | 0.827 |
SS5 | 0.846 | −0.129 | 0.794 | 0.826 | 0.851 |
Construct | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Economic Procurement Sustainability | 0.912 | ||||
Environmental Procurement Sustainability | −0.001 | 0.884 | |||
Government Policy | 0.858 | −0.037 | 0.651 | ||
Reverse Logistics | 0.858 | −0.023 | 0.350 | 0.794 | |
Social Procurement Sustainability | 0.837 | −0.082 | 0.349 | 0.358 | 0.821 |
Hypotheses | Path Coefficient | T Statistics | p-Value | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Economic Procurement Sustainability -> -> Reverse Logistics | 0.185 | 3.284 | 0.001 | Supported |
Environmental Procurement Sustainability -> -> Reverse Logistics | 0.036 | 1.105 | 0.270 | Not supported |
Social Procurement Sustainability -> -> Reverse Logistics | 0.807 | 19.285 | 0.000 | Supported |
Paths | Effect | (Boot) SE | (Boot) LLCI | (Boot) ULCI |
---|---|---|---|---|
EVS → (EVS × GP) → RL | 0.258 | 0.036 | 0.229 | 0.088 |
ECS → (ECS × GP) → RL | 0.561 | 0.053 | 0.655 | 0.866 |
SC → (SC × GP) → RL | 0.368 | 0.073 | 0.325 | 0.611 |
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Letunovska, N.; Offei, F.A.; Junior, P.A.; Lyulyov, O.; Pimonenko, T.; Kwilinski, A. Green Supply Chain Management: The Effect of Procurement Sustainability on Reverse Logistics. Logistics 2023, 7, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030047
Letunovska N, Offei FA, Junior PA, Lyulyov O, Pimonenko T, Kwilinski A. Green Supply Chain Management: The Effect of Procurement Sustainability on Reverse Logistics. Logistics. 2023; 7(3):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030047
Chicago/Turabian StyleLetunovska, Nataliia, Felix Amoako Offei, Prince Amoh Junior, Oleksii Lyulyov, Tetyana Pimonenko, and Aleksy Kwilinski. 2023. "Green Supply Chain Management: The Effect of Procurement Sustainability on Reverse Logistics" Logistics 7, no. 3: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030047