Advances in Energy Storage Materials/Devices and Solid-State Batteries

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Efficient, clean, and versatile energy storage has become one of the most critical issues governing society’s ability to realize sustainability. Breakthroughs in materials and methods involving sustainable resources are crucial to protecting humankind from the most serious consequences of climate change. Against this background, energy storage systems including rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors can play a crucial role in the development of a sustainable future. Numerous research efforts are underway to explore new chemistries based on various elements, including Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Al, and depending on the field of application, different elements inherit different advantages and challenges. Furthermore, new opportunities arise from the perspective of developing novel electrolytes and all-solid-state systems.

The Second Italian Workshop on Energy Storage (IWES 2023), organized by the Italian Group for Electrochemical Energy Storage, GISEL (http://www.giselnetwork.it/), is the main Italian scientific event in the field of electrochemical energy storage technology-related materials and advanced characterization tools. IWES aims at gathering scientists and engineers developing batteries in public institutions (universities and national labs) and in private companies from the Italian community and beyond. The goal is to provide a clear, organized, and interactive forum, where research achievements and goals can be shared easily and safely among all battery stakeholders. The scientific program will feature selected presentations related to topics that cover fundamental and applied research in electrochemical energy storage.

We welcome you to share up-to-date knowledge, developed in your research group, with the Second Italian Workshop on Energy Storage (IWES) 2023 community, which will allow us to collect high-level contributions so as to create a valuable, unique Topic collection for MDPI journals.

Prof. Dr. Claudio Gerbaldi
Dr. Federico Poli
Dr. Cataldo Simari
Dr. Akiko Tsurumaki
Dr. Francesca Soavi
Dr. Alessandro Piovano
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Batteries batteries	4.0	5.4	2015	17.7 Days	CHF 2700	Submit
Electrochem electrochem	-	-	2020	22.3 Days	CHF 1000	Submit
Energies energies	3.2	5.5	2008	16.1 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Materials materials	3.4	5.2	2008	13.9 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Polymers polymers	5.0	6.6	2009	13.7 Days	CHF 2700	Submit

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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All Batteries Electrochem Energies Materials Polymers

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13 pages, 4015 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

MnO/Mn₂O₃ Aerogels as Effective Materials for Supercapacitor Applications

by Ramya Ramkumar, Sanjeevamuthu Suganthi, Ahamed Milton, Jungbin Park, Jae-Jin Shim, Tae Hwan Oh and Woo Kyoung Kim

Energies 2024, 17(10), 2258; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17102258 - 8 May 2024

Viewed by 269

Abstract

Mixed-oxide transition-metal aerogels (AGLs), particularly manganese-based AGLs, have attracted considerable interest over the past decade owing to their extraordinary properties, including high porosity, good surface area, and ultralow density. To develop easy and lightweight materials for the ever-increasing energy storage demands of the [...] Read more.

Mixed-oxide transition-metal aerogels (AGLs), particularly manganese-based AGLs, have attracted considerable interest over the past decade owing to their extraordinary properties, including high porosity, good surface area, and ultralow density. To develop easy and lightweight materials for the ever-increasing energy storage demands of the near future, we designed a novel Mn-based electrode material to meet these rising requirements. MnO/Mn₂O₃ AGLs were synthesized using a novel borohydride hydrolysis method and then annealed at 200, 400, and 550 °C. The as-synthesized AGLs yielded flower-like network structures, but their porosity increased with increasing temperatures, to a high temperature of 400 °C. This increased porosity and network structure facilitate a high capacitance. A supercapacitor (SC) constructed with the three-electrode material yielded 230 F/g for the Mn_AGL@400 sample, followed by yields from the Mn_AGL@200 and Mn_AGL@550 electrodes. Furthermore, the device constructed with Mn_AGL@400 exhibited an energy density of 9.8 Wh/kg and a power density of ~16,500 W/kg at a current density of 20 A/g. The real-time applicability of the AGL was demonstrated by engineering a two-electrode device employing Mn_AGL@400 as the positive electrode, which exhibited 97% capacity retention and 109% Coulombic efficiency over 20,000 cycles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Energy Storage Materials/Devices and Solid-State Batteries)

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11 pages, 5790 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Chlorine-Rich Na_6−xPS_5−xCl_1+x: A Promising Sodium Solid Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries

by Yi Zhang, Haoran Zheng, Jiale You, Hongyang Zhao, Abdul Jabbar Khan, Ling Gao and Guowei Zhao

Materials 2024, 17(9), 1980; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17091980 - 24 Apr 2024

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Abstract

Developing argyrodite-type, chlorine-rich, sodium-ion, solid-state electrolytes with high conductivity is a long-term challenge that is crucial for the advancement of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). In this study, chlorine-rich, argyrodite-type Na_6−xPS_5−xCl_1+x solid solutions were successfully developed with [...] Read more.

Developing argyrodite-type, chlorine-rich, sodium-ion, solid-state electrolytes with high conductivity is a long-term challenge that is crucial for the advancement of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). In this study, chlorine-rich, argyrodite-type Na_6−xPS_5−xCl_1+x solid solutions were successfully developed with a solid solution formation range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5. Na_5.5PS_4.5Cl_1.5 (x = 0.5), displaying a highest ionic conductivity of 1.2 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 25 °C, which is more than a hundred times higher than that of Na₆PS₅Cl. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrated that the rich chlorine significantly enhanced the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, in addition to causing a reduction in activation energy. The Na_5.5PS_4.5Cl_1.5 composite also showed the characteristics of a pure ionic conductor without electronic conductivity. Finally, the viability of Na_5.5PS_4.5Cl_1.5 as a sodium electrolyte for all-solid-state sodium batteries was checked in a lab-scale ASSB, showing stable battery performance. This study not only demonstrates new composites of sodium-ionic, solid-state electrolytes with relatively high conductivity but also provides an anion-modulation strategy to enhance the ionic conductivity of argyrodite-type sodium solid-state ionic conductors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Energy Storage Materials/Devices and Solid-State Batteries)

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20 pages, 4200 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

All-Solid-State Li-Metal Cell Using Nanocomposite TiO₂/Polymer Electrolyte and Self-Standing LiFePO₄ Cathode

by Asia Patriarchi, Hamideh Darjazi, Luca Minnetti, Leonardo Sbrascini, Giuseppe Antonio Elia, Vincenzo Castorani, Miguel Ángel Muñoz-Márquez and Francesco Nobili

Batteries 2024, 10(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010011 - 29 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1886

Abstract

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) represent the most sophisticated electrochemical energy storage technology. Nevertheless, they still suffer from safety issues and practical drawbacks related to the use of toxic and flammable liquid electrolytes. Thus, polymer-based solid electrolytes may be a suitable option to fulfill the [...] Read more.

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) represent the most sophisticated electrochemical energy storage technology. Nevertheless, they still suffer from safety issues and practical drawbacks related to the use of toxic and flammable liquid electrolytes. Thus, polymer-based solid electrolytes may be a suitable option to fulfill the safety and energy density requirements, even though the lack of high ionic conductivity at 25 °C (10⁻⁸–10⁻⁷ S cm⁻¹) hinders their performance. To overcome these drawbacks, herein, we present an all-solid-state Li-metal full cell based on a three-component solid poly(ethylene oxide)/lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide/titanium dioxide composite electrolyte that outclasses the conventional poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid electrolytes. Moreover, the cell features are enhanced by the combination of the solid electrolyte with a self-standing LiFePO₄ catholyte fabricated through an innovative, simple and easily scalable approach. The structural, morphological and compositional properties of this system are characterized, and the results show that the electrochemical performance of the solid composite electrolyte can be considerably improved by tuning the concentration and morphology of TiO₂. Additionally, tests performed with the self-standing LiFePO₄ catholyte underline a good cyclability of the system, thus confirming the beneficial effects provided by the novel manufacturing path used for the preparation of self-standing electrodes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Energy Storage Materials/Devices and Solid-State Batteries)

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12 pages, 2695 KiB  

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Percolation Behavior of a Sulfide Electrolyte–Carbon Additive Matrix for Composite Cathodes in All-Solid-State Batteries

by Elias Reisacher, Pinar Kaya and Volker Knoblauch

Batteries 2023, 9(12), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9120595 - 15 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1909

Abstract

To achieve high energy densities with sufficient cycling performance in all-solid-state batteries, the fraction of active material has to be maximized while maintaining ionic and electronic conduction throughout the composite cathode. It is well known that low-surface-area carbon additives added to the composite [...] Read more.

To achieve high energy densities with sufficient cycling performance in all-solid-state batteries, the fraction of active material has to be maximized while maintaining ionic and electronic conduction throughout the composite cathode. It is well known that low-surface-area carbon additives added to the composite cathode enhance the rate capability; however, at the same time, they can lead to rapid decomposition of the solid electrolyte in thiophosphate-based cells. Thus, the fraction of such conductive additives has to be well balanced. Within this study we determined the electronic percolation threshold of a conducting matrix consisting of Li₆PS₅Cl and C65. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the microstructure and effective conductivity (σ_eff) of the conducting matrix. The percolation threshold p_c was determined as ~4 wt.-% C65, and it is suggested that below p_c, the ionic contribution is dominant, which can be seen in temperature-dependent σ_eff and blocked charge transport at low frequencies. Above p_c, the impedance of the conducting matrix becomes frequency-independent, and the ohmic law applies. Thus, the conducting matrix in ASSB can be regarded as an electronic and ionic conducting phase between active material particles. Additionally, guidelines are provided to enable electronic conduction in the conducting matrix with minimal C65 content. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Energy Storage Materials/Devices and Solid-State Batteries)

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14 pages, 4900 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

A Sustainable Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Electrochemical Devices

by Serena Tombolesi, Niccolò Zanieri, Luca Bargnesi, Martina Mernini, Giampaolo Lacarbonara and Catia Arbizzani

Polymers 2023, 15(14), 3087; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15143087 - 19 Jul 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2187

Abstract

Nowadays, solid polymer electrolytes have attracted increasing attention for their wide electrochemical stability window, low cost, excellent processability, flexibility and low interfacial impedance. Specifically, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are attractive substitutes for liquid ones due to their high ionic conductivity (10⁻³–10 [...] Read more.

Nowadays, solid polymer electrolytes have attracted increasing attention for their wide electrochemical stability window, low cost, excellent processability, flexibility and low interfacial impedance. Specifically, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are attractive substitutes for liquid ones due to their high ionic conductivity (10⁻³–10⁻² S cm⁻¹) at room temperature and solid-like dimensional stability with excellent flexibility. These characteristics make GPEs promising materials for electrochemical device applications, i.e., high-energy-density rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, electrochromic displays, sensors, and actuators. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the viability of a sustainable GPE, prepared without using organic solvents or ionic liquids and with a simplified preparation route, that can substitute aqueous electrolytes in electrochemical devices operating at low voltages (up to 2 V). A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based GPE has been cast from an aqueous solution and characterized with physicochemical and electrochemical methods. Its electrochemical stability has been assessed with capacitive electrodes in a supercapacitor configuration, and its good ionic conductivity and stability in the atmosphere in terms of water loss have been demonstrated. The feasibility of GPE in an electrochemical sensor configuration with a mediator embedded in an insulating polymer matrix (ferrocene/polyvinylidene difluoride system) has also been reported. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Energy Storage Materials/Devices and Solid-State Batteries)

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14 pages, 3096 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Towards Determining an Engineering Stress-Strain Curve and Damage of the Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Using the Cylindrical Indentation Test

by George Z. Voyiadjis, Edris Akbari, Bartosz Łuczak and Wojciech Sumelka

Batteries 2023, 9(4), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9040233 - 18 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1896

Abstract

Mechanical internal short circuit (ISC) is one of the significant safety issues in lithium-ion battery design. As a result, it is possible to subject LIB cells to thorough mechanical abuse tests to determine when and why failure may occur. The indentation test is [...] Read more.

Mechanical internal short circuit (ISC) is one of the significant safety issues in lithium-ion battery design. As a result, it is possible to subject LIB cells to thorough mechanical abuse tests to determine when and why failure may occur. The indentation test is a recommended loading condition for evaluating mechanical damage and ISC. In this study, 18,650 cylindrical battery cells underwent indentation tests and a voltage reduction following the peak force identified by the ISC. Due to the complexity of the contact surface shape between two cylinders (LIB cell and indenter), a new phenomenological analytical model is proposed to measure the projected contact area, which the FEM model confirms. Moreover, the stress-strain curve and Young’s modulus reduction were calculated from the load-depth data. In contrast to previously published models, the model developed in this paper assumes anisotropic hyperelasticity (the transversely isotropic case) and predicts the growing load-carrying capacity (scalar damage), whose variation is regulated by the Caputo-Almeida fractional derivative. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Energy Storage Materials/Devices and Solid-State Batteries)

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