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Viruses
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State-of-the-Art Cereal Virus Diseases in Asia and European Countries
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State-of-the-Art Cereal Virus Diseases in Asia and European Countries

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viruses of Plants, Fungi and Protozoa".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 12952

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xifeng Wang

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: cirus diseases; cereal crops; control; transmission; epidemics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Anders Kvarnheden

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Guest Editor
Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCtr, POB 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
Interests: cereal virus diseases; viral diagnostics; transmission; control
Prof. Dr. Carl Spetz

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Guest Editor
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy (NIBIO), Hoegskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway
Interests: cereal virus diseases; viral diagnostics; transmission; control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cereals are dominant staple food crop grown worldwide and are among the most important crops in Asian and European countries. Cereals are affected by various viruses, which are the most difficult pathogens to control since once a viral disease has established on a field, there are no means by which it can be eradicated. Therefore, it of utmost importance to understand the biology of viruses and device methods to control viral diseases that might propose a risk for sustainable agriculture. Many countries are addressing this challenge and are making important contributions to virology research over the years. Looking for high-quality science developed in the face of unique challenges, we encourage researchers to submit articles to this Special Issue entitled “State-of-the-Art Cereal Virus Diseases in Asian and European Countries.”

This Special Issue’s goal is to publish research studies that address efforts for cereal virus diagnosis, diversity of virus population, host resistance, transmission, prevention and control in Asian and European countries. Investigations on pathogenesis of virus infection are also welcome, as well as relevant epidemiological findings. Both original manuscripts and reviews are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Xifeng Wang
Prof. Dr. Anders Kvarnheden
Prof. Dr. Carl Spetz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cereal virus diseases
  • viral diagnosis
  • viral pathogenesis
  • host resistance
  • transmission
  • viral epidemiology
  • viral disease control

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2530 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Dynamics in Triticum aestivum Genotypes Associated with Resistance against the Wheat Dwarf Virus
by Abdoallah Sharaf, Przemysław Nuc, Jan Ripl, Glenda Alquicer, Emad Ibrahim, Xifeng Wang, Midatharahally N. Maruthi and Jiban Kumar Kundu
Viruses 2023, 15(3), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030689 - 06 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1685
Abstract
Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is one of the most important pathogens of cereal crops worldwide. To understand the molecular mechanism of resistance, here we investigated the comparative transcriptome of wheat genotypes with different levels of resistance (Svitava and Fengyou 3) and susceptibility (Akteur) [...] Read more.
Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is one of the most important pathogens of cereal crops worldwide. To understand the molecular mechanism of resistance, here we investigated the comparative transcriptome of wheat genotypes with different levels of resistance (Svitava and Fengyou 3) and susceptibility (Akteur) to WDV. We found a significantly higher number of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in the susceptible genotype than in the resistant one (e.g., Svitava). The number of downregulated transcripts was also higher in the susceptible genotype than in the resistant one (Svitava) and the opposite was true for the upregulated transcripts. Further functional analysis of gene ontology (GO) enrichment identified a total of 114 GO terms for the DETs. Of these, 64 biological processes, 28 cellular components and 22 molecular function GO terms were significantly enriched. A few of these genes appear to have a specific expression pattern related to resistance or susceptibility to WDV infection. Validation of the expression pattern by RT-qPCR showed that glycosyltransferase was significantly downregulated in the susceptible genotype compared to the resistant genotypes after WDV infection, while CYCLIN-T1-3, a regulator of CDK kinases (cyclin-dependent kinase), was upregulated. On the other hand, the expression pattern of the transcription factor (TF) MYB (TraesCS4B02G174600.2; myeloblastosis domain of transcription factor) was downregulated by WDV infection in the resistant genotypes compared to the susceptible genotype, while a large number of TFs belonging to 54 TF families were differentially expressed due to WDV infection. In addition, two transcripts (TraesCS7A02G341400.1 and TraesCS3B02G239900.1) were upregulated with uncharacterised proteins involved in transport and regulation of cell growth, respectively. Altogether, our findings showed a clear gene expression profile associated with resistance or susceptibility of wheat to WDV. In future studies, we will explore the regulatory network within the same experiment context. This knowledge will broaden not only the future for the development of virus-resistant wheat genotypes but also the future of genetic improvement of cereals for resilience and WDV-resistance breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Cereal Virus Diseases in Asia and European Countries)
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18 pages, 6472 KiB  
Article
Central Role of Ubiquitination in Wheat Response to CWMV Infection
by Haichao Hu, Linna Cai, Tianye Zhang, Tingting Liu, Yaoyao Jiang, Hanhong Liu, Qisen Lu, Jian Yang and Jianping Chen
Viruses 2022, 14(8), 1789; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14081789 - 16 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1435
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a major post-translational modification (PTM) involved in almost all eukaryotic biological processes and plays an essential role in plant response to pathogen infection. However, to date, large-scale profiling of the changes in the ubiquitome in response to pathogens, especially viruses, in [...] Read more.
Ubiquitination is a major post-translational modification (PTM) involved in almost all eukaryotic biological processes and plays an essential role in plant response to pathogen infection. However, to date, large-scale profiling of the changes in the ubiquitome in response to pathogens, especially viruses, in wheat has not been reported. This study aimed to identify the ubiquitinated proteins involved in Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection in wheat using a combination of affinity enrichment and high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. The potential biological functions of these ubiquitinated proteins were further analyzed using bioinformatics. A total of 2297 lysine ubiquitination sites in 1255 proteins were identified in wheat infected with CWMV, of which 350 lysine ubiquitination sites in 192 proteins were differentially expressed. These ubiquitinated proteins were related to metabolic processes, responses to stress and hormones, plant–pathogen interactions, and ribosome pathways, as assessed via Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. Furthermore, we found that the ubiquitination of Ta14-3-3 and TaHSP90, which are essential components of the innate immune system, was significantly enhanced during CWMV infection, which suggested that ubiquitination modification plays a vital role in the regulatory network of the host response to CWMV infection. In summary, our study puts forward a novel strategy for further probing the molecular mechanisms of CWMV infection. Our findings will inform future research to find better, innovative, and effective solutions to deal with CWMV infection in wheat, which is the most crucial and widely used cereal grain crop. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Cereal Virus Diseases in Asia and European Countries)
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17 pages, 3572 KiB  
Article
Occurrence and Characterization of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Found in Mono- and Mixed Infection with High Plains Wheat Mosaic Virus in Winter Wheat in Ukraine
by Illia Pozhylov, Halyna Snihur, Tetiana Shevchenko, Irena Budzanivska, Wenwen Liu, Xifeng Wang and Oleksiy Shevchenko
Viruses 2022, 14(6), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061220 - 03 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
Although wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is a well-known pathogen inducing significant crop losses and endangering wheat production worldwide, the recent discovery of High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV) in Ukraine raises questions on the co-existence of these two viruses having a similar [...] Read more.
Although wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is a well-known pathogen inducing significant crop losses and endangering wheat production worldwide, the recent discovery of High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV) in Ukraine raises questions on the co-existence of these two viruses having a similar host range and the same mite vector. Here we report on the screening of winter wheat industrial plantings in several important regions of Ukraine for WSMV and HPWMoV. WSMV was identified in an extremely high number of symptomatic plants (>85%) as compared to HPWMoV detected in 40% of wheat samples. Importantly, the preferred mode of HPWMoV circulation in Ukraine was mixed infection with WSMV (>30%) as opposed to WSMV, which was typically found in monoinfection (60%). Screening wheat varieties for possible virus resistance indicated that all but one were susceptible to WSMV, whereas over 50% of the same varieties were not naturally infected with HPWMoV. Overall, phylogenetic analysis of the collected WSMV and HPWMoV isolates indicated their high identity and similarity to other known isolates of the respective viruses. Here we first characterize WSMV isolates found in winter wheat plants in mono- or mixed infection with HPWMoV, which was recently reported as a typical wheat pathogen in Ukraine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Cereal Virus Diseases in Asia and European Countries)
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10 pages, 2102 KiB  
Article
Resistance Evaluation of Dominant Varieties against Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus in Southern China
by Shunkang Zhou, Yaling Zhao, Zhenyi Liang, Ruifeng Wu, Biao Chen, Tong Zhang, Xin Yang and Guohui Zhou
Viruses 2021, 13(8), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13081501 - 30 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1865
Abstract
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a Fijivirus in the Reoviridae family, is transmitted by the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera, WBPH), a long-distance migratory insect, and presents a serious threat to rice production in Asia. It was first discovered in China’s [...] Read more.
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a Fijivirus in the Reoviridae family, is transmitted by the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera, WBPH), a long-distance migratory insect, and presents a serious threat to rice production in Asia. It was first discovered in China’s Guangdong Province in 2001 and has been endemic in the south of China and north of Vietnam for two decades, with serious outbreaks in 2009, 2010, and 2017. In this study, we evaluated the resistance of 10 dominant rice varieties from southern China, where the virus overwinters and accumulates as a source of early spring reinfection, against this virus by artificial inoculation. The results showed that in all tested varieties there was no immune resistance, but there were differences in the infection rate, with incidence rates from 21% to 90.7%, and in symptom severity, with plant weight loss from 66.71% to 91.20% and height loss from 34.1% to 65.06%. Additionally, and valuably, the virus titer and the insect vector virus acquisition potency from diseased plants were significantly different among the varieties: an over sixfold difference was determined between resistant and susceptible varieties, and there was a positive correlation between virus accumulation and insect vector virus acquisition. The results can provide a basis for the selection of rice varieties in southern China to reduce the damage of SRBSDV in this area and to minimize the reinfection source and epidemics of the virus in other rice-growing areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Cereal Virus Diseases in Asia and European Countries)
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9 pages, 1934 KiB  
Article
Integrated Proteomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal the Transcriptional Slippage of a Bymovirus P3N-PIPO Gene Expressed from a PVX Vector in Nicotiana benthamiana
by Chulang Yu, Runpu Miao, Zhuangxin Ye, Stuart MacFarlane, Yuwen Lu, Junmin Li, Jian Yang, Fei Yan, Liangying Dai and Jianping Chen
Viruses 2021, 13(7), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071247 - 26 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2518
Abstract
P3N-PIPO (P3 N-terminal fused with Pretty Interesting Potyviridae ORF), the movement protein of potyviruses, is expressed as a translational fusion with the N-terminus of P3 in potyviruses. As reported in previous studies, P3N-PIPO is expressed via transcriptional slippage at a conserved G2 [...] Read more.
P3N-PIPO (P3 N-terminal fused with Pretty Interesting Potyviridae ORF), the movement protein of potyviruses, is expressed as a translational fusion with the N-terminus of P3 in potyviruses. As reported in previous studies, P3N-PIPO is expressed via transcriptional slippage at a conserved G2A6 slippery site in the genus Potyvirus. However, it is still unknown whether a similar expression mechanism of P3N-PIPO is used in the other genera of the family Potyviridae. Moreover, due to the extremely low expression level of P3N-PIPO in natural virus-infected plants, the peptides spanning the slippery site which provide direct evidence of the slippage at the protein level, have not been identified yet. In this study, a potato virus X (PVX)-based expression vector was utilized to investigate the expression mechanism of P3N-PIPO. A high expression level of the P3N-PIPO(WT) of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV, genus Potyvirus) was observed based on the PVX expression vector. For the first time, we successfully identified the peptides of P3N-PIPO spanning the slippery site by mass spectrometry. Likewise, the P3N-PIPO(WT) of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, genus Bymovirus) was also successfully expressed using the PVX expression vector. Integrated proteome and transcriptome analyses revealed that WYMV P3N-PIPO was expressed at the conserved G2A6 site through transcriptional slippage. Moreover, as revealed by mutagenesis analysis, Hexa-adenosine of the G2A6 site was important for the frameshift expression of P3N-PIPO in WYMV. According to our results, the PVX-based expression vector might be used as an excellent tool to study the expression mechanism of P3N-PIPO in Potyviridae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence dissecting the expression mechanism of a bymovirus P3N-PIPO in the experimental host Nicotiana benthamiana. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Cereal Virus Diseases in Asia and European Countries)
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10 pages, 2666 KiB  
Article
Interplay of Rice Stripe Virus and Rice Black Streaked Dwarf Virus during Their Acquisition and Accumulation in Insect Vector
by Marcia Beatriz Moya Fernández, Wenwen Liu, Lu Zhang, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano and Xifeng Wang
Viruses 2021, 13(6), 1121; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061121 - 10 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2160
Abstract
Plant viruses transmitted by hemipteran vectors commonly cause losses to crop production. Rice stripe virus (RSV) and rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) are transmitted to rice plants by the same vector, the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, in a persistent [...] Read more.
Plant viruses transmitted by hemipteran vectors commonly cause losses to crop production. Rice stripe virus (RSV) and rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) are transmitted to rice plants by the same vector, the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, in a persistent propagative manner. However, rarely do the respective diseases they cause occur simultaneously in a field. Here, we determined the acquisition efficiency of RSV and RBSDV when acquired in succession or simultaneously by SBPH. When RBSDV was acquired first, RSV acquisition efficiency was significantly lower than when only acquiring RSV. However, RBSDV acquisition efficiency from insects that acquired RSV first was not significantly different between the insects only acquiring RBSDV. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the acquisition of RBSDV first might inhibit RSV entry into midgut epithelial cells, but RSV did not affect RBSDV entry. SBPHs were more likely to acquire RBSDV when they were feeding on plants coinfected with the two viruses. When RBSDV was acquired before RSV, RBSDV titer was significantly higher and RSV titer first declined, then increased compared to when only acquiring RBSDV or RSV. Only 5% of the SBPHs acquired both viruses when feeding on plants coinfected with RSV and RBSDV. These results provide a better understanding of the interaction between two persistent viruses when present in the same vector insect and explain why RSV and RBSDV occur in intermittent epidemics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Cereal Virus Diseases in Asia and European Countries)
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