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Viruses
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State-of-the-Art Virology Research in Australia
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State-of-the-Art Virology Research in Australia

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "General Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 4491

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Timothy Newsome

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Interests: vaccinia virus; virus transport; host–pathogen interactions; actin cytoskeleton; microtubule cytoskeleton; signalling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Barry Slobedman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Interests: herpesviruses; herpesvirus latency; pathogenesis and virally encoded immunomodulation; cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Virology research in Australia has a long and storied history, being shaped by the nation’s culture of research excellence, unique habitat and ecosystem, South-East Asian location and island status. This research has spanned multiple areas, including basic and clinical research that has had a profound impact on our understanding of a diverse range of viruses and how they function, evolve and interact with their hosts. The broad depth of skills of virologists in Australia has enabled rapid mobilisation of efforts to understand the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, bringing together both virologists and non-virologists from many specialities with an unprecedented level of collaboration. Whilst this has informed the national public health response and contributed to the international body of knowledge on this novel viral pathogen, these efforts have had a bi-directional effect, further stimulating the discipline of virology in this country, and resulting in a wide range of border impacts on virological research. 

We invite submissions to this Special Issue that will reflect the diversity and strengths of the Australian virology research community.

Prof. Dr. Timothy Newsome
Prof. Dr. Barry Slobedman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viral vaccines
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • viral genomics
  • respiratory viruses
  • epidemiology
  • virus transmission
  • viral immunology
  • viral pathogenesis
  • disinfection
  • antivirals
  • molecular virology
  • zoonoses

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2731 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Targeting of Inflammation and Virus Simultaneously Ameliorates Influenza Pneumonia and Protects from Morbidity and Mortality
by Pratikshya Pandey, Zahrah Al Rumaih, Ma. Junaliah Tuazon Kels, Esther Ng, Rajendra Kc, Roslyn Malley, Geeta Chaudhri and Gunasegaran Karupiah
Viruses 2023, 15(2), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020318 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1853
Abstract
Influenza pneumonia is a severe complication caused by inflammation of the lungs following infection with seasonal and pandemic strains of influenza A virus (IAV), that can result in lung pathology, respiratory failure, and death. There is currently no treatment for severe disease and [...] Read more.
Influenza pneumonia is a severe complication caused by inflammation of the lungs following infection with seasonal and pandemic strains of influenza A virus (IAV), that can result in lung pathology, respiratory failure, and death. There is currently no treatment for severe disease and pneumonia caused by IAV. Antivirals are available but are only effective if treatment is initiated within 48 h of onset of symptoms. Influenza complications and mortality are often associated with high viral load and an excessive lung inflammatory cytokine response. Therefore, we simultaneously targeted the virus and inflammation. We used the antiviral oseltamivir and the anti-inflammatory drug etanercept to dampen TNF signaling after the onset of clinical signs to treat pneumonia in a mouse model of respiratory IAV infection. The combined treatment down-regulated the inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p40, and the chemokines CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10. Consequently, combined treatment with oseltamivir and a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor effectively reduced clinical disease and lung pathology. Combined treatment using etanercept or STAT3 inhibitor and oseltamivir dampened an overlapping set of cytokines. Thus, combined therapy targeting a specific cytokine or cytokine signaling pathway and an antiviral drug provide an effective treatment strategy for ameliorating IAV pneumonia. This approach might apply to treating pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Virology Research in Australia)
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Review

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13 pages, 1654 KiB  
Review
Recent Advancements in Understanding Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Mouse Model
by Kimberley Bruce, Jiawei Ma, Clara Lawler, Wanxiaojie Xie, Philip G. Stevenson and Helen E. Farrell
Viruses 2022, 14(9), 1934; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091934 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1885
Abstract
Animal models that mimic human infections provide insights in virus–host interplay; knowledge that in vitro approaches cannot readily predict, nor easily reproduce. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are acquired asymptomatically, and primary infections are difficult to capture. The gap in our knowledge of the [...] Read more.
Animal models that mimic human infections provide insights in virus–host interplay; knowledge that in vitro approaches cannot readily predict, nor easily reproduce. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are acquired asymptomatically, and primary infections are difficult to capture. The gap in our knowledge of the early events of HCMV colonization and spread limits rational design of HCMV antivirals and vaccines. Studies of natural infection with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) have demonstrated the olfactory epithelium as the site of natural colonization. Systemic spread from the olfactory epithelium is facilitated by infected dendritic cells (DC); tracking dissemination uncovered previously unappreciated DC trafficking pathways. The olfactory epithelium also provides a unique niche that supports efficient MCMV superinfection and virus recombination. In this review, we summarize recent advances to our understanding of MCMV infection and spread and the tissue-specific mechanisms utilized by MCMV to modulate DC trafficking. As these mechanisms are likely conserved with HCMV, they may inform new approaches for preventing HCMV infections in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Virology Research in Australia)
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