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Special Issue "Remote Sensing of Water Resources Vulnerability"

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 January 2024 | Viewed by 7164

Special Issue Editors

Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR 5563, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-IRD-OMP-CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France
Interests: hydroclimatology; water cycle; wetlands; extreme events; remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
UMR Espace-Dev, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Maison de la Télédétection, 500 rue Jean Francois breton, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
Interests: remote sensing; SAR; wetlands; environment
Department of Space and Applications, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
Interests: remote sensing; surface water; groundwater; environmental sciences; environment monitoring; bibliometric analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water is an essential resource for ecosystems, human life, and anthropogenic activities. In recent years, pressure on water resources has strongly increased, leading to the reduction of surface water storage and the depletion of aquifers worldwide. Current (e.g., satellite images, radar and lidar altimetry, GRACE) and future (e.g., SWOT, THRISHNA, ….) Earth Observation missions have a strong potential for better monitoring the different components of the terrestrial water cycle and, hence, characterizing the vulnerability of water resources at different spatial and temporal scales.

This Special Issue aims to present reviews and recent advances of general interest in the use of remote sensing observations for the characterization of the vulnerability of water resources in the context of global change including climate change, anthropogenic factors, and their feedback.

Manuscripts can be related to any aspect of water resource vulnerability using satellite or AUV observations. They could be related to either new methodological developments or new advances in sensors or original studies related to water resources vulnerability from local to global scales.

Dr. Frédéric Frappart
Dr. Luc Bourrel
Dr. Thibault Catry
Dr. Pham-Duc Binh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • surface water
  • surface and root-zone soil moisture
  • groundwater
  • vulnerability indices

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 15240 KiB  
Article
Rainfall Erosivity in Peru: A New Gridded Dataset Based on GPM-IMERG and Comprehensive Assessment (2000–2020)
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(22), 5432; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225432 - 20 Nov 2023
Viewed by 694
Abstract
In soil erosion estimation models, the variables with the greatest impact are rainfall erosivity (RE), which is the measurement of precipitation energy and its potential capacity to cause erosion, and erosivity density (ED), which relates RE [...] Read more.
In soil erosion estimation models, the variables with the greatest impact are rainfall erosivity (RE), which is the measurement of precipitation energy and its potential capacity to cause erosion, and erosivity density (ED), which relates RE to precipitation. The RE requires high temporal resolution records for its estimation. However, due to the limited observed information and the increasing availability of rainfall estimates based on remote sensing, recent research has shown the usefulness of using observed-corrected satellite data for RE estimation. This study evaluates the performance of a new gridded dataset of RE and ED in Peru (PISCO_reed) by merging data from the IMERG v06 product, through a new calibration approach with hourly records of automatic weather stations, during the period of 2000–2020. By using this method, a correlation of 0.94 was found between PISCO_reed and RE obtained by the observed data. An average annual RE for Peru of 7840 MJ · mm · ha1· h1 was estimated with a general increase towards the lowland Amazon regions, and high values were found on the North Pacific Coast area of Peru. The spatial identification of the most at risk areas of erosion was evaluated through a relationship between the ED and rainfall. Both erosivity datasets will allow us to expand our fundamental understanding and quantify soil erosion with greater precision. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Water Resources Vulnerability)
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22 pages, 7259 KiB  
Article
Estimation of Water Quality Parameters through a Combination of Deep Learning and Remote Sensing Techniques in a Lake in Southern Chile
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(17), 4157; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174157 - 24 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1298
Abstract
In this study, we combined machine learning and remote sensing techniques to estimate the value of chlorophyll-a concentration in a freshwater ecosystem in the South American continent (lake in Southern Chile). In a previous study, nine artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms were tested to [...] Read more.
In this study, we combined machine learning and remote sensing techniques to estimate the value of chlorophyll-a concentration in a freshwater ecosystem in the South American continent (lake in Southern Chile). In a previous study, nine artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms were tested to predict water quality data from measurements during monitoring campaigns. In this study, in addition to field data (Case A), meteorological variables (Case B) and satellite data (Case C) were used to predict chlorophyll-a in Lake Llanquihue. The models used were SARIMAX, LSTM, and RNN, all of which showed generally good statistics for the prediction of the chlorophyll-a variable. Model validation metrics showed that all three models effectively predicted chlorophyll as an indicator of the presence of algae in water bodies. Coefficient of determination values ranging from 0.64 to 0.93 were obtained, with the LSTM model showing the best statistics in any of the cases tested. The LSTM model generally performed well across most stations, with lower values for MSE (<0.260 (μg/L)2), RMSE (<0.510 ug/L), MaxError (<0.730 μg/L), and MAE (<0.442 μg/L). This model, which combines machine learning and remote sensing techniques, is applicable to other Chilean and world lakes that have similar characteristics. In addition, it is a starting point for decision-makers in the protection and conservation of water resource quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Water Resources Vulnerability)
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20 pages, 3260 KiB  
Article
Lake Turbidity Mapping Using an OWTs-bp Based Framework and Sentinel-2 Imagery
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(10), 2489; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102489 - 09 May 2023
Viewed by 1150
Abstract
Lake turbidity, representing a general indicator of water ‘cloudiness’, is a key parameter in many monitoring programs. It is not possible to cover all lakes with frequent in situ monitoring. Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Imager (MSI) can help to fill the gaps if a robust [...] Read more.
Lake turbidity, representing a general indicator of water ‘cloudiness’, is a key parameter in many monitoring programs. It is not possible to cover all lakes with frequent in situ monitoring. Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Imager (MSI) can help to fill the gaps if a robust turbidity retrieval methodology is developed. Previously published results demonstrated the usefulness of MSI at a limited regional scale, while our aim was to develop methodology that allows monitoring turbidity over the whole of China. We proposed methodology with a reflectance that can be classified into optical water types (OWTs), and then a back propagation neural network model (BP-TURB) is used to estimate turbidity. The reflectance of in situ lake samples extracted from MSI imagery was clustered as three OWTs, and validation performance was satisfactory: R2 > 0.81, RMSE < 17.54, and MAE < 11.20. This allowed us to map turbidity in all Chinese lakes, of which the area is larger than 1 km2. A larger percentage of clear lakes (53.26%) with low turbidity levels (<10 NTU) was found in 2020 than in 2015 (37.43%). Lakes in the plateau regions generally exhibited lower turbidity than those situated in the plains regions, for which the turbidity patterns were determined by lake volume, averaged depth, and elevation. We demonstrated that the Sentinel-2 MSI data with the novel approach proposed by us allows for mapping lake turbidity over a large variety of lakes and extensive geographic conditions, as well as for revealing temporal changes in these lakes and their links to lake abiotic characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Water Resources Vulnerability)
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14 pages, 3345 KiB  
Article
Contribution of Sentinel-3A Radar Altimetry Data to the Study of the Water Level Variations in Lake Buyo (West of Côte d’Ivoire)
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(21), 5602; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215602 - 06 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1291
Abstract
The artificial Lake Buyo is an important water reservoir that ensures the availability of water for multiple purposes: drinking water supply, fishing, and energy. In the last five years, this lake has experienced extreme variations in its surface area and water levels, including [...] Read more.
The artificial Lake Buyo is an important water reservoir that ensures the availability of water for multiple purposes: drinking water supply, fishing, and energy. In the last five years, this lake has experienced extreme variations in its surface area and water levels, including very significant declines, which has impacted the supply of electricity. This study aimed to assess temporal variations in the water levels of Lake Buyo using radar altimetry. Altimetric data from the Sentinel-3A satellite on Lake Buyo (tracks 16 (orbit 8) and 743 (orbit 372)) were selected over the period from 31 May 2016 to 12 June 2021 and compared to the in situ measurements provided by the Direction de la Production de l’Electricité de Côte d’Ivoire (DPE-CI). The extraction of the time series of the Sentinel-3A altimetric water levels and their corrections (geophysical and environmental corrections) were carried out with the ALTiS software. The results showed an overall agreement between the altimetric water levels and the in situ measurements, with a correlation coefficient (R2) ranging from 0.98 to 0.99 obtained, as well as a Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) coefficient also between 0.98 and 0.99. Further, the bias (0.12 m and 0.13 m) and root mean square error (RMSE) (0.38 and 0.67 m) values showed that the results were acceptable. The analysis of the water levels time series allowed for the identification of two main periods: March to October and November to February. The first period corresponded to a high level period, recording a maximum level of 200.06 m. The second period, from November to March, was characterized by a drop in the water level, recording a minimum level of 187.42 m. The water levels time series provided by Sentinel-3 allowed us to appreciate the respective influences of seasonal and interannual variations on rainfall and the contributions of the Sassandra River tributaries to the water levels of Lake Buyo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Water Resources Vulnerability)
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18 pages, 4214 KiB  
Article
Monitoring Lake Volume Variation from Space Using Satellite Observations—A Case Study in Thac Mo Reservoir (Vietnam)
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(16), 4023; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164023 - 18 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1878
Abstract
This study estimates monthly variation of surface water volume of Thac Mo hydroelectric reservoir (located in South Vietnam), during the 2016–2021 period. Variation of surface water volume is estimated based on variation of surface water extent, derived from Sentinel-1 observations, and variation of [...] Read more.
This study estimates monthly variation of surface water volume of Thac Mo hydroelectric reservoir (located in South Vietnam), during the 2016–2021 period. Variation of surface water volume is estimated based on variation of surface water extent, derived from Sentinel-1 observations, and variation of surface water level, derived from Jason-3 altimetry data. Except for drought years in 2019 and 2020, surface water extent of Thac Mo reservoir varies in the range 50–100 km2, while its water level varies in the range 202–217 m. Correlation between these two components is high (R = 0.948), as well as correlation between surface water maps derived from Sentinel-1 and free-cloud Sentinel-2 observations (R = 0.98), and correlation between surface water level derived from Jason-3 altimetry data and from in situ measurement (R = 0.99; RMSE = 0.86 m). We showed that water volume of Thac Mo reservoir varies between −0.3 and 0.4 km3 month−1, and it is in a very good agreement with in situ measurement (R = 0.95; RMSE = 0.0682 km3 month−1). This study highlights the advantages in using different types of satellite observations and data for monitoring variation of lakes’ water storage, which is very important for regional hydrological models. Similar research can be applied to monitor lakes in remote areas where in situ measurements are not available, or cannot be accessed freely. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Water Resources Vulnerability)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Towards a Weatherless Agricultural Soil Moisture Retrieval using Sentinel-1 Images
Authors: Nicolas Baghdadi
Affiliation: French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Maison de la télédétection – UMR TETIS, 500 rue JF Breton, CEDEX 05, 34093 Montpellier, France
Abstract: In remote sensing, soil moisture maps are essential for hydrological, agricultural and risk assessment applications. To best meet these requirements, it is essential to develop soil moisture products that provide a high spatial resolution, which has been made possible with the advent of free Sentinel data that offer both high spatial and temporal resolutions. By accurately estimating soil moisture, our proposed approach can help inform irrigation, yield and crop management decisions. It can also support risk assessment such as flood forecasting and water resource management efforts. This article presents our improved and fully automated solution for high-resolution soil moisture mapping in agricultural areas. Our proposed technique uses neural network algorithms. The neural networks were trained using synthetic data generated by the modified IEM model and validated on real data from two study sites. Previous soil moisture retrieval techniques relied on the use of a priori information based on meteorological data in order to increase the precision of soil moisture estimates, which required access to a weather forecasting framework. Our solution derives this a priori information from the original Sentinel images, thus bypassing the need for a weather forecasting framework while giving slightly better precisions.

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