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Plants
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Plant Physiological Responses to Climate Change
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Plant Physiological Responses to Climate Change

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 15248

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Inmaculada Pascual

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
Interests: climate change; water deficit; elevated temperature; elevated CO2; UV-B radiation; adaptation strategies to climate change; plant growth; plant physiology; plant stress physiology; fruit composition; grapevine biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fermin Morales

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Investigador Científico, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
Interests: agronomy; elevated CO2; elevated temperature; grapevine biology; photosynthesis; plant adaptation to climate change; plant nutrition; plant physiology; plant stress physiology; water stress.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to the last Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have increased since the pre-industrial era, CO2 being one of the main contributors. As a consequence, the warming of the climate system is unequivocal. Surface temperature is projected to rise over the 21st century under all assessed emission scenarios, and an increase in the frequency of extreme temperature events, such as heatwaves, is also very likely. Projected changes in rainfall patterns may involve a decrease in soil water availability in mid-latitude and subtropical dry regions, as well as increases in soil salinity. Abiotic stress factors associated with climate change exert adverse effects on crop physiology, such as limitation of growth and development, and alterations in plant phenology and crop quality. Within this context, the knowledge of the physiological responses of plants to multiple changing stress factors associated with climate change will help to the development of successful adaptation strategies to mitigate the impact of future environmental conditions on crops.

This Special Issue of Plants will analyze, from a multidisciplinary approach (ecophysiology, metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, etc.) the impact of abiotic stresses associated with climate change on plant performance and crop quality. Contributions about adaptation strategies to climate change in agricultural crops and forest (from leaf to plant and canopy organizations levels) are also welcome.

Dr. Inmaculada Pascual Elizalde
Prof. Dr. Fermín Morales Iribas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Water deficit
  • Elevated CO2
  • Elevated temperature
  • Soil salinity
  • Plant phenology
  • Gas exchange
  • Plant water relations
  • Plant metabolism
  • Plant growth
  • Crop yield
  • Crop quality

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1891 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Nutritional and Quality Properties of Leaves and Musts in Three Local Spanish Grapevine Varieties Undergoing Controlled Climate Change Scenarios
by Nieves Goicoechea, Leyre Jiménez, Eduardo Prieto, Yolanda Gogorcena, Inmaculada Pascual, Juan José Irigoyen and María Carmen Antolín
Plants 2021, 10(6), 1198; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061198 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2148
Abstract
The market demand together with the need for alternatives to withstand climate change led to the recovery of autochthonous grapevine varieties. Under climate change, the summer pruning of vineyards may lead to an increase of vegetative residuals of nutritional and medicinal interest. The [...] Read more.
The market demand together with the need for alternatives to withstand climate change led to the recovery of autochthonous grapevine varieties. Under climate change, the summer pruning of vineyards may lead to an increase of vegetative residuals of nutritional and medicinal interest. The objectives of our study were (1) to evaluate the nutritional properties of the leaves of three local Spanish grapevines (Tinto Velasco, TV, Pasera, PAS, and Ambrosina, AMB) when grown under climate change conditions, and (2) to test the potentiality of these grapevines as suitable candidates to be cultivated under climate change scenarios based on the quality of their must. Experimental assays were performed with fruit-bearing cuttings grown in temperature gradient greenhouses that simulate rising CO2 (700 μmol mol−1) and warming (ambient temperature +4 °C), either acting alone or in combination. TV and AMB were the most and the least affected by air temperature and CO2 concentration, respectively. The interaction of elevated CO2 with high temperature induced the accumulation of proteins and phenolic compounds in leaves of TV, thus enhancing their nutritional properties. In PAS, the negative effect of high temperature on protein contents was compensated for by elevated CO2. Warming was the most threatening scenario for maintaining the must quality in the three varieties, but elevated CO2 exerted a beneficial effect when acting alone and compensated for the negative effects of high temperatures. While TV may be a candidate to be cultivated in not very warm areas (higher altitudes or colder latitudes), PAS behaved as the most stable genotype under different environmental scenarios, making it the most versatile candidate for cultivation in areas affected by climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Physiological Responses to Climate Change)
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20 pages, 3551 KiB  
Article
Foliar Nourishment with Nano-Selenium Dioxide Promotes Physiology, Biochemistry, Antioxidant Defenses, and Salt Tolerance in Phaseolus vulgaris
by Mostafa M. Rady, El-Sayed M. Desoky, Safia M. Ahmed, Ali Majrashi, Esmat F. Ali, Safaa M. A. I. Arnaout and Eman Selem
Plants 2021, 10(6), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061189 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 3207
Abstract
Novel strategic green approaches are urgently needed to raise the performance of plants subjected to stress. Two field-level experimental attempts were implemented during two (2019 and 2020) growing seasons to study the possible effects of exogenous nourishment with selenium dioxide nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on [...] Read more.
Novel strategic green approaches are urgently needed to raise the performance of plants subjected to stress. Two field-level experimental attempts were implemented during two (2019 and 2020) growing seasons to study the possible effects of exogenous nourishment with selenium dioxide nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on growth, physio-biochemical ingredients, antioxidant defenses, and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) plant growing on a salt-affected soil (EC = 7.55–7.61 dS m−1). At 20, 30, and 40 days from seeding, three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM. The experimental design was accomplished in randomized complete plots. The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray. Conversely, marked lowering in markers of Na+ content-induced oxidative stress (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) and their outcomes in terms of ionic leakage and malondialdehyde were reported by foliar nourishment with Se-NPS compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control. The best results were recorded with Se-NPs applied at 1.0 mM, which mitigated the negative effects of soil salinity (control results). Therefore, the outcomes of this successful study recommend the use of Se-NPs at a rate of 1.0 mM as a foliar spray to grow common beans on saline soils with EC up to 7.55–7.61 dS m−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Physiological Responses to Climate Change)
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11 pages, 1148 KiB  
Article
Physiological Alteration in Sunflower Plants (Helianthus annuus L.) Exposed to High CO2 and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
by Enrique Bellido, Purificación de la Haba and Eloísa Agüera
Plants 2021, 10(5), 937; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050937 - 08 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2247
Abstract
Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) in a CO2-enriched atmosphere (eCO2) were used herein to examine the developmental and physiological effects of biofertilization with mycorrhizae (Rhizophagus irregularis). The eCO2 environment stimulated colonization using R. irregularis mycorrhizal [...] Read more.
Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) in a CO2-enriched atmosphere (eCO2) were used herein to examine the developmental and physiological effects of biofertilization with mycorrhizae (Rhizophagus irregularis). The eCO2 environment stimulated colonization using R. irregularis mycorrhizal fungi, as compared to plants grown under ambient CO2 conditions (aCO2). This colonization promotes plant growth due to an increased nutrient content (P, K, Mg, and B), which favors a greater synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Biofertilized plants (M) under eCO2 conditions have a higher concentration of carbon compounds in their leaves, as compared to non-biofertilized eCO2 plants (NM). The biofertilization (M) of sunflowers with R. irregularis decreased the C/N ratio, as compared to the NM plants, decreasing the hydrogen peroxide content and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and APX). These results suggest that sunflower symbiosis with R. irregularis improves the absorption of N, while also decreasing the plant’s oxidative stress. It may be concluded that biofertilization with mycorrhizae (R. irregularis) may potentially replace the chemical fertilization of sunflower plants (H. annuus L.), resulting in more environmentally friendly agricultural practices. This information is essential to our understanding of the mechanisms influencing the C and N dynamic in future climate change scenarios, in which high CO2 levels are expected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Physiological Responses to Climate Change)
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17 pages, 2041 KiB  
Article
Biomass and Leaf Acclimations to Ultraviolet Solar Radiation in Juvenile Plants of Coffea arabica and C. canephora
by Wallace de Paula Bernado, Miroslava Rakocevic, Anne Reis Santos, Katherine Fraga Ruas, Danilo Força Baroni, Ana Cabrera Abraham, Saulo Pireda, Dhiego da Silva Oliveira, Maura Da Cunha, José Cochicho Ramalho, Eliemar Campostrini and Weverton Pereira Rodrigues
Plants 2021, 10(4), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040640 - 28 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3057
Abstract
Despite the negative impacts of increased ultraviolet radiation intensity on plants, these organisms continue to grow and produce under the increased environmental UV levels. We hypothesized that ambient UV intensity can generate acclimations in plant growth, leaf morphology, and photochemical functioning in modern [...] Read more.
Despite the negative impacts of increased ultraviolet radiation intensity on plants, these organisms continue to grow and produce under the increased environmental UV levels. We hypothesized that ambient UV intensity can generate acclimations in plant growth, leaf morphology, and photochemical functioning in modern genotypes of Coffea arabica and C. canephora. Coffee plants were cultivated for ca. six months in a mini greenhouse under either near ambient (UVam) or reduced (UVre) ultraviolet regimes. At the plant scale, C. canephora was substantially more impacted by UVam when compared to C. arabica, investing more carbon in all juvenile plant components than under UVre. When subjected to UVam, both species showed anatomic adjustments at the leaf scale, such as increases in stomatal density in C. canephora, at the abaxial and adaxial cuticles in both species, and abaxial epidermal thickening in C. arabica, although without apparent impact on the thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma. Surprisingly, C. arabica showed more efficient energy dissipation mechanism under UVam than C. canephora. UVam promoted elevated protective carotenoid content and a greater use of energy through photochemistry in both species, as reflected in the photochemical quenching increases. This was associated with an altered chlorophyll a/b ratio (significantly only in C. arabica) that likely promoted a greater capability to light energy capture. Therefore, UV levels promoted different modifications between the two Coffea sp. regarding plant biomass production and leaf morphology, including a few photochemical differences between species, suggesting that modifications at plant and leaf scale acted as an acclimation response to actual UV intensity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Physiological Responses to Climate Change)
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14 pages, 1667 KiB  
Article
Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation
by Sabine Stuerz and Folkard Asch
Plants 2021, 10(1), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010134 - 11 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2401
Abstract
Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated [...] Read more.
Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Physiological Responses to Climate Change)
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