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Chloroplast Biology in Plant Stress Response
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Chloroplast Biology in Plant Stress Response

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 9734

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stefano D'Alessandro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR7265, CEA, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
Interests: chloroplast biology; photo-oxidation; phosphorylation; root development; small signaling molecules; apocarotenoids; phytohormones; photosynthesis
Dr. Juan Camilo Moreno Beltran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
Interests: phytohormones; carotenoids;, chloroplast biology and biotechnology; small signaling molecules; protein–metabolite interactions; photosynthesis; plant biomass and yield

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The chloroplast is the powerhouse of the plant cell, the basis of autotrophic growth and development. However, chloroplasts are resource-intensive and are the main source of photooxidative damage when their activity is not matched to the needs of the cell. This is especially important during the response to stress when growth and chloroplast activity must be repressed together. However, chloroplasts are also among the first sensors of environmental stress. However, the mechanisms underlying the coupling of chloroplast activity to growth are not fully understood. Several signals and pathways have been recognized in matching chloroplast and nuclear activities in the past years. This Special Issue of Plants aims to present a collection of relevant scientific papers to promote discussions and describe the most-recent perspectives in the field of chloroplast biology and the plant stress response.

Dr. Stefano D'Alessandro
Dr. Juan Camilo Moreno Beltran
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chloroplast
  • retrograde
  • anterograde
  • signaling
  • photosynthesis
  • stress
  • photooxidation
  • ROS

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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11 pages, 943 KiB  
Review
The Passage of H2O2 from Chloroplasts to Their Associated Nucleus during Retrograde Signalling: Reflections on the Role of the Nuclear Envelope
by Emily Breeze and Philip M. Mullineaux
Plants 2022, 11(4), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11040552 - 19 Feb 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3426
Abstract
The response of chloroplasts to adverse environmental cues, principally increases in light intensity, stimulates chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling, which leads to the induction of immediate protective responses and longer-term acclimation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated during photosynthesis, is proposed to both [...] Read more.
The response of chloroplasts to adverse environmental cues, principally increases in light intensity, stimulates chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling, which leads to the induction of immediate protective responses and longer-term acclimation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated during photosynthesis, is proposed to both initiate and transduce a retrograde signal in response to photoinhibitory light intensities. Signalling specificity achieved by chloroplast-sourced H2O2 for signal transduction may be dependent upon the oft-observed close association of a proportion of these organelles with the nucleus. In this review, we consider more precisely the nature of the close association between a chloroplast appressed to the nucleus and the requirement for H2O2 to cross both the double membranes of the chloroplast and nuclear envelopes. Of particular relevance is that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has close physical contact with chloroplasts and is contiguous with the nuclear envelope. Therefore, the perinuclear space, which transducing H2O2 molecules would have to cross, may have an oxidising environment the same as the ER lumen. Based on studies in animal cells, the ER lumen may be a significant source of H2O2 in plant cells arising from the oxidative folding of proteins. If this is the case, then there is potential for the ER lumen/perinuclear space to be an important location to modify chloroplast-to-nucleus H2O2 signal transduction and thereby introduce modulation of it by additional different environmental cues. These would include for example, heat stress and pathogen infection, which induce the unfolded protein response characterised by an increased H2O2 level in the ER lumen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chloroplast Biology in Plant Stress Response)
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Other

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6 pages, 618 KiB  
Opinion
A New Approach to the Study of Plastidial Stress Granules: The Integrated Use of Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as Model Organisms
by Fareena Rafique, Kyle J. Lauersen, Monika Chodasiewicz and Nicolás E. Figueroa
Plants 2022, 11(11), 1467; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111467 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2514
Abstract
The field of stress granules (SGs) has recently emerged in the study of the plant stress response, yet these structures, their dynamics and importance remain poorly characterized. There is currently a gap in our understanding of the physiological function of SGs during stress. [...] Read more.
The field of stress granules (SGs) has recently emerged in the study of the plant stress response, yet these structures, their dynamics and importance remain poorly characterized. There is currently a gap in our understanding of the physiological function of SGs during stress. Since there are only a few studies addressing SGs in planta, which are primarily focused on cytoplasmic SGs. The recent observation of SG-like foci in the chloroplast (cpSGs) of Arabidopsis thaliana opened even more questions regarding the role of these subcellular features. In this opinion article, we review the current knowledge of cpSGs and propose a workflow for the joint use of the long-established model organisms Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and A. thaliana to accelerate the evaluation of individual plant cpSGs components and their impact on stress responses. Finally, we present a short outlook and what we believe are the significant gaps that need to be addressed in the following years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chloroplast Biology in Plant Stress Response)
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11 pages, 619 KiB  
Opinion
Coordination of Chloroplast Activity with Plant Growth: Clues Point to TOR
by Stefano D’Alessandro
Plants 2022, 11(6), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11060803 - 17 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2718
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the defining function of most autotrophic organisms. In the plantae kingdom, chloroplasts host this function and ensure growth. However, these organelles are very sensitive to stressful conditions and the photosynthetic process can cause photooxidative damage if not perfectly regulated. In addition, [...] Read more.
Photosynthesis is the defining function of most autotrophic organisms. In the plantae kingdom, chloroplasts host this function and ensure growth. However, these organelles are very sensitive to stressful conditions and the photosynthetic process can cause photooxidative damage if not perfectly regulated. In addition, their function is energivorous in terms of both chemical energy and nutrients. To coordinate chloroplast activity with the cell’s need, continuous signaling is required: from chloroplasts to cytoplasm and from nucleus to chloroplasts. In this opinion article, several mechanisms that ensure this communication are reported and the many clues that point to an important role of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase in the coordination between the eukaryotic and prokaryotic sides of plants are highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chloroplast Biology in Plant Stress Response)
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