Research

13 pages, 5743 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticle-Based Q-Switched Pulse Fiber Laser

by Farah Diana Muhammad, Josephine Liew Ying Chyi, Anom Nazirah Mohd Asran, Mohammed Thamer Alresheedi, Eng Khoon Ng and Mohd Adzir Mahdi

Photonics 2023, 10(9), 995; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10090995 - 31 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 851

Abstract

We demonstrate the utilization of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) as light-absorbing material in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) for the generation of Q-switched pulses. A sandwich-type saturable absorber (SA) with Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles between fiber ferrules is proposed. [...] Read more.

We demonstrate the utilization of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) as light-absorbing material in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) for the generation of Q-switched pulses. A sandwich-type saturable absorber (SA) with Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles between fiber ferrules is proposed. A fiber ferrule tip is tapped onto a cap of index-matching gel, which is then dipped into Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle powder to allow its deposition through the adhesion effect. By incorporating Fe₂O₃–SA in an EDFL, self-started and stable Q-switched pulses are attained at a threshold power of 50.1 mW. The pulse repetition rate is tunable from 9.92 kHz to 22.47 kHz, whereas the pulse duration reduces from 38.4 µs to 13.8 µs with the pump power increment. The maximum pulse energy achieved is 36.9 nJ. This work offers a simple integration method of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles as potential SAs for the generation of Q-switched pulses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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11 pages, 3096 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceCommunication

Frequency Comb Fiber Generator Based on Photonic Bandgap Amplifier

by Aleksei Abramov, Dmitry Korobko and Igor Zolotovskii

Photonics 2023, 10(9), 965; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10090965 - 23 Aug 2023

Viewed by 783

Abstract

We report on a model of a fiber frequency comb generator that develops an approach to harmonically mode-locked fiber laser design based on dissipative four-wave mixing. In our version of this approach, we assume an amplifying one-dimensional photonic crystal as a key cavity [...] Read more.

We report on a model of a fiber frequency comb generator that develops an approach to harmonically mode-locked fiber laser design based on dissipative four-wave mixing. In our version of this approach, we assume an amplifying one-dimensional photonic crystal as a key cavity element combining the properties of an intra-cavity filter and a power amplifier. Using standard equations describing the signal transformation in the ring cavity and the output fiber cascade, we have demonstrated the possibility of the application of the proposed model as a generator of broadband frequency comb with controllable line spacing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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10 pages, 2481 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Stable Triple-Wavelength Random Fiber Laser Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings

by Airull Azizi Awang Lah, Abdul Hadi Sulaiman, Fairuz Abdullah, Sumiaty Ambran, Eng Khoon Ng, Mohammed Thamer Alresheedi, Mohd Adzir Mahdi and Nelidya Md Yusoff

Photonics 2023, 10(8), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10080924 - 11 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 949

Abstract

We demonstrate a generation of three lasing wavelengths with the assistance of Rayleigh backscattering as the stabilizer of peak power variations. The proposed laser consists of a combination of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) as the amplifying media. [...] Read more.

We demonstrate a generation of three lasing wavelengths with the assistance of Rayleigh backscattering as the stabilizer of peak power variations. The proposed laser consists of a combination of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) as the amplifying media. Three fiber Bragg gratings are employed as the selective wavelength selectors at 1544, 1547 and 1550 nm. At 110 mA SOA current and 18 dBm EDFA output power, a flattened output spectrum with 0.9 dB peak power variation is attained. In terms of stability, the maximum peak power fluctuation for the individual laser is 0.24 dB within 120 minutes observation period. Without the Rayleigh backscattering effect, the peak power flatness is severely degraded. This shows that the weakly distributed photons can be utilized as peak power stabilizers in fiber laser systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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13 pages, 7289 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Single-Frequency Continuous-Wave Self-Sweeping Fiber Laser Based on Separated Gain and Absorption Dynamics Gratings

by Ekaterina K. Kashirina, Ivan A. Lobach and Sergey I. Kablukov

Photonics 2023, 10(7), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070843 - 21 Jul 2023

Viewed by 834

Abstract

A new cavity scheme for a self-sweeping fiber laser with separated gain and absorption dynamics gratings is presented. The scheme is experimentally realized in an Er-doped ring fiber laser generating in the continuous-wave (CW) regime near the wavelength of 1604 nm. Switching between [...] Read more.

A new cavity scheme for a self-sweeping fiber laser with separated gain and absorption dynamics gratings is presented. The scheme is experimentally realized in an Er-doped ring fiber laser generating in the continuous-wave (CW) regime near the wavelength of 1604 nm. Switching between single longitudinal mode stabilization and wavelength self-sweeping regimes is demonstrated by controlling the intracavity losses in the laser. The pump power and optimization of the intracavity losses made it possible to demonstrate record sweeping range of 2.6 nm in a single-frequency self-sweeping regime in the telecommunication L-band. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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11 pages, 3688 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Highly Er/Yb-Co-Doped Photosensitive Core Fiber for the Development of Single-Frequency Telecom Lasers

by Denis Lipatov, Olga Egorova, Andrey Rybaltovsky, Alexey Abramov, Alexey Lobanov, Andrey Umnikov, Mikhail Yashkov and Sergey Semjonov

Photonics 2023, 10(7), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070796 - 10 Jul 2023

Viewed by 729

Abstract

A highly erbium- and ytterbium-co-doped photosensitive fiber with a germanophosphosilicate glass core was fabricated by the MCVD method, utilizing an all-gas-phase deposition technique developed “in-house”. Due to doping with germanium oxide (GeO₂), this fiber revealed high-grade photosensitivity (without hydrogen loading) to [...] Read more.

A highly erbium- and ytterbium-co-doped photosensitive fiber with a germanophosphosilicate glass core was fabricated by the MCVD method, utilizing an all-gas-phase deposition technique developed “in-house”. Due to doping with germanium oxide (GeO₂), this fiber revealed high-grade photosensitivity (without hydrogen loading) to UV laser radiation at a 193 nm wavelength. The short (28 mm) Fabry–Perot laser cavity was designed by inscribing two fiber Bragg gratings (highly and partially reflective FBGs) directly in the core of the fabricated fiber sample. The stable single-frequency operation regime of the designed laser was observed. The laser emission peak was centered at 1540 nm, with a linewidth of 50 kHz. The slope efficiency of the laser was 10%, and the maximal output power reached a level of 35 mW. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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26 pages, 14840 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization and Demonstration of Direct LD Pumped High-Power Fiber Lasers to Balance SRS and TMI Effects

by Lingfa Zeng, Xiaolin Wang, Li Wang, Yun Ye, Peng Wang, Baolai Yang, Xiaoming Xi, Zhiyong Pan, Hanwei Zhang, Chen Shi, Kai Han and Xiaojun Xu

Photonics 2023, 10(5), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10050539 - 06 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1769

Abstract

Up to now, transverse mode instability (TMI) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have become the main factors limiting the power scaling of conventional ytterbium-doped fiber laser. Many technologies are proposed to suppress the SRS or TMI individually, but most of them are contradictions [...] Read more.

Up to now, transverse mode instability (TMI) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have become the main factors limiting the power scaling of conventional ytterbium-doped fiber laser. Many technologies are proposed to suppress the SRS or TMI individually, but most of them are contradictions in practical application. In this article, we focus on the technologies that can balance the suppression of both SRS and TMI, including fiber coiling optimization, pump wavelength optimization, pump configuration optimization, and novel vary core diameter active fiber. Firstly, we validate the effectiveness of these technologies in both theoretical and relatively low-power experiments, and introduce the abnormal TMI threshold increasing in a few-mode fiber amplifier with fiber coiling. Then, we scale up the power through various types of fiber lasers, including wide linewidth and narrow linewidth fiber lasers, as well as quasi-continuous wave (QCW) fiber lasers. As a result, we achieve 5~8 kW fiber laser oscillators, 10~20 kW wide linewidth fiber laser amplifiers, 4 kW narrow linewidth fiber amplifiers, and 10 kW peak power QCW fiber oscillators. The demonstration of these new technical schemes is of great significance for the development of high-power fiber lasers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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11 pages, 3680 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extra-High Pressure in the Core of Silica-Based Optical Fiber Preforms during the Manufacturing Process

by Galina Bufetova, Alexey Kosolapov, Mikhail Yashkov, Andrey Umnikov, Vladimir Velmiskin, Vladimir Tsvetkov and Igor Bufetov

Photonics 2023, 10(3), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030335 - 21 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1147

Abstract

The core refractive index n₂ of silica-based optical fiber preform heated to 2000 °C was determined experimentally for the first time. The measurements were carried out in the process of preform temperature reduction. It was shown that n₂ could increase up [...] Read more.

The core refractive index n₂ of silica-based optical fiber preform heated to 2000 °C was determined experimentally for the first time. The measurements were carried out in the process of preform temperature reduction. It was shown that n₂ could increase up to ~1.75 in the visible spectral range at temperatures of ~2000 °C (n₂ ≈ 1.46 at room temperature). This fact suggests that pressures close to or exceeding the ultimate strength of silica glass (~20 GPa) occur in the preform core region. The local extra pressure is argued to be a possible cause of the well-known “starburst” phenomenon at the core–cladding interface of preforms with certain core compositions. The observed effect of radial cracks can be interpreted as the result of silica cladding destruction under the action of extra-high pressure in the core. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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38 pages, 14099 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High Power Ytterbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Employing Longitudinal Vary Core Diameter Active Fibers

by Lingfa Zeng, Xiaolin Wang, Yun Ye, Li Wang, Baolai Yang, Xiaoming Xi, Peng Wang, Zhiyong Pan, Hanwei Zhang, Chen Shi, Kai Han and Xiaojun Xu

Photonics 2023, 10(2), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020147 - 31 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2305

Abstract

Thanks to the advantage of balancing nonlinear effects and transverse mode instability, vary core diameter active fiber (VCAF) has been widely used in high power ytterbium-doped fiber lasers in recent years. Up to now, VCAF has developed from the basic form of the [...] Read more.

Thanks to the advantage of balancing nonlinear effects and transverse mode instability, vary core diameter active fiber (VCAF) has been widely used in high power ytterbium-doped fiber lasers in recent years. Up to now, VCAF has developed from the basic form of the original tapered fiber to the spindle-shaped and saddle-shaped fiber with different characteristics and has been applied in conventional fiber lasers, oscillating–amplifying integrated fiber lasers, and quasi-continuous wave fiber lasers and successfully improved the performance of these lasers. In the present study, a 6110 W fiber laser amplifier is realized based on a tapered fiber. The maximum output power of a fiber laser amplifier based on spindle-shaped fibers is 6020 W with a beam quality of M²~1.86. In this paper, we first introduce the basic concept of VCAF and summarize its main fabrication methods and advantages in high-power fiber laser applications. Then, we will present the recent research results of high-power fiber laser employing VCAF in our group and clarify the outstanding advantages of VCAF compared with the constant core diameter active fiber (CCAF). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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10 pages, 1805 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Narrow-Linewidth Diffraction-Limited Tapered Er-Doped Fiber Amplifier with 2 mJ Pulse Energy

by Maksim M. Khudyakov, Andrey E. Levchenko, Vladimir V. Velmiskin, Konstantin K. Bobkov, Svetlana S. Aleshkina, Tatyana S. Zaushitsyna, Mikhail M. Bubnov, Mikhail V. Yashkov, Aleksey N. Guryanov, Leonid V. Kotov and Mikhail E. Likhachev

Photonics 2022, 9(12), 933; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9120933 - 03 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1120

Abstract

The possibility to scale-up output pulse energy in diffraction-limited Er-doped fiber amplifier has been studied. It is shown that the utilization of tapered fiber design allows one to increase the pulse energy up to 2 mJ, while keeping the diffraction-limited beam quality (M [...] Read more.

The possibility to scale-up output pulse energy in diffraction-limited Er-doped fiber amplifier has been studied. It is shown that the utilization of tapered fiber design allows one to increase the pulse energy up to 2 mJ, while keeping the diffraction-limited beam quality (M²~1.4). Factors limiting the further increase in pulse energy are revealed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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7 pages, 9380 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceCommunication

A Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Smart Control of Hysteresis Phenomena in a Mode-Locked Fiber Laser

by Alexey Kokhanovskiy, Alexey Shevelev, Kirill Serebrennikov, Evgeny Kuprikov and Sergey Turitsyn

Photonics 2022, 9(12), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9120921 - 30 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1495

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the application of a double deep Q-learning network algorithm (DDQN) for design of a self-starting fiber mode-locked laser. In contrast to the static optimization of a system design, the DDQN reinforcement algorithm is capable of learning the strategy of dynamic [...] Read more.

We experimentally demonstrate the application of a double deep Q-learning network algorithm (DDQN) for design of a self-starting fiber mode-locked laser. In contrast to the static optimization of a system design, the DDQN reinforcement algorithm is capable of learning the strategy of dynamic adjustment of the cavity parameters. Here, we apply the DDQN algorithm for stable soliton generation in a fiber laser cavity exploiting a nonlinear polarization evolution mechanism. The algorithm learns the hysteresis phenomena that manifest themselves as different pumping-power thresholds for mode-locked regimes for diverse trajectories of adjusting optical pumping. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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15 pages, 2414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Dynamics of Multi-Peak Pulsed Generation in a Q-Switched Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser

by Alisa E. Fale, Andrei D. Zverev, Vladimir A. Kamynin, Alexey A. Wolf, Serafima A. Filatova, Oleg E. Nanii, Alexander P. Smirnov, Anatolii I. Fedoseev and Vladimir B. Tsvetkov

Photonics 2022, 9(11), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110846 - 10 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1353

Abstract

We demonstrate a detailed theoretical and experimental study of a thulium-doped fiber laser being Q-switched by means of an acousto-optic modulator. The processes leading to the generation of discontinuous multi-peak pulses with an energy of up to 5 μJ and a nanosecond structure [...] Read more.

We demonstrate a detailed theoretical and experimental study of a thulium-doped fiber laser being Q-switched by means of an acousto-optic modulator. The processes leading to the generation of discontinuous multi-peak pulses with an energy of up to 5 μJ and a nanosecond structure are described. The dynamics of the multi-peak structure’s evolution is demonstrated and a method of switching to a single-pulse mode is proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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11 pages, 2434 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Random Laser Based on Ytterbium-Doped Fiber with a Bragg Grating Array as the Source of Continuous-Wave 976 nm Wavelength Radiation

by Andrey Rybaltovsky, Sergei Popov, Dmitry Ryakhovskiy, Alexey Abramov, Andrey Umnikov, Oleg Medvedkov, Viktor Voloshin, Alexander Kolosovskii, Igor Vorob’ev, Yuriy Chamorovskiy and Denis Lipatov

Photonics 2022, 9(11), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110840 - 08 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1496

Abstract

A random narrow-linewidth lasing at a wavelength of 976 nm was obtained in an ytterbium-doped germanophosphosilicate fiber with an array of weakly reflecting fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). A random laser cavity was formed by implementing the standard phase mask method of FBG inscription [...] Read more.

A random narrow-linewidth lasing at a wavelength of 976 nm was obtained in an ytterbium-doped germanophosphosilicate fiber with an array of weakly reflecting fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). A random laser cavity was formed by implementing the standard phase mask method of FBG inscription directly during the fiber drawing process. The UV radiation pulses of a KrF excimer laser (248 nm wavelength) synchronized with the fiber drawing speed were used to fabricate the in-fiber array of hundreds of similar FBGs. The developed laser’s slope efficiency in the backward-pumping scheme was measured as high as 33%. The stable continuous-wave operation mode of the laser was detected. The magnitude of the laser power fluctuations depends linearly on the cavity length. The random laser cavity modified with a single highlyreflected (90%) FBG demonstrates significantly better power stability and higher slope efficiency than the same one without an FBG. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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8 pages, 13348 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Double-Clad Bismuth-Doped Fiber with a Rectangular Inner Cladding for Laser Application

by Alexander Vakhrushev, Andrey Umnikov, Sergey Alyshev, Aleksandr Khegai, Elena Firstova, Lyudmila Iskhakova, Aleksei Guryanov, Mikhail Melkumov and Sergei Firstov

Photonics 2022, 9(11), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110788 - 24 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1326

Abstract

In this paper, we report the latest research results on the fabrication of double-clad Bi-doped germanosilicate core fibers with a rectangular inner cladding design for improved laser performance in the near-IR spectral region. Detailed comparative analysis of the absorption characteristics of the Bi-doped [...] Read more.

In this paper, we report the latest research results on the fabrication of double-clad Bi-doped germanosilicate core fibers with a rectangular inner cladding design for improved laser performance in the near-IR spectral region. Detailed comparative analysis of the absorption characteristics of the Bi-doped fibers with a circular- and rectangular-shaped inner cladding was performed. A series of cladding-pumped, Bi-doped fiber lasers emitting near 1.46 µm was developed using the semiconductor’s multi-mode fiber-coupled laser diodes at

λ

= 808 nm. The peculiarities of the laser parameters of the fabricated active fibers with the double-clad design were thoroughly studied by analyzing the dependencies of the slope efficiency of the lasers, namely the pump power, active fiber length and core-to-inner-cladding area ratio. The obtained results show that the rectangular design provided enhanced cladding absorption and improvements in laser performance. In particular, we achieved maximal slope efficiencies of 5.5% and 4.3% for the absorbed pump power introduced into the inner cladding with cross-section areas of 80 × 80 µm

^{2}

and 125 × 125 µm

^{2}

, respectively. Multi-wavelength lasing operation in a free-running cavity due to a few modes’ propagation regimes was found using the Bi-doped fiber with an 80 × 80 µm

^{2}

inner cladding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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12 pages, 7419 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Large Mode Area Parabolic-Profile Core Fiber with Modified Segmented in Cladding

by Song Yang, Wentao Zhang, Yulai She, Hao Du and San Tu

Photonics 2022, 9(10), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100783 - 21 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1238

Abstract

In this paper, a novel fiber with a parabolic-profile core and eight segmented trenches in cladding is designed. The designed fiber consists of the segmented trench of low refractive index in cladding and parabolic-profile of high refractive index in the core. The proposed [...] Read more.

In this paper, a novel fiber with a parabolic-profile core and eight segmented trenches in cladding is designed. The designed fiber consists of the segmented trench of low refractive index in cladding and parabolic-profile of high refractive index in the core. The proposed fiber has good bending resistance. The eight segmented trenches in the cladding can decrease the refractive index of cladding to increase the difference index between the core and cladding to limit fundamental mode (FM) loss. The proposed fiber can offer an effective single mode (SM) operation with a large mode area (LMA) of 952 µm² at the small bending radius (R = 10 cm). In addition, the fiber is also suitable under an 18 W/m heat load. The proposed fiber achieves good bending performance, which can be suitable for the compact high-power lasers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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11 pages, 1837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microwave Discharge in Hollow Optical Fibers as a Pump for Gas Fiber Lasers

by Alexey Gladyshev, Sergey Nefedov, Anton Kolyadin, Alexey Kosolapov, Vladimir Velmiskin, Alexander Mineev and Igor Bufetov

Photonics 2022, 9(10), 752; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100752 - 11 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1301

Abstract

To excite plasma in the core of a hollow fiber, a scheme similar to a slot antenna in the wall of a metal microwave waveguide was proposed and implemented. An analytical estimate of the magnitude of the electric field in the slot region [...] Read more.

To excite plasma in the core of a hollow fiber, a scheme similar to a slot antenna in the wall of a metal microwave waveguide was proposed and implemented. An analytical estimate of the magnitude of the electric field in the slot region where the fiber with a hollow core is placed has been obtained. Using the proposed scheme, the possibility of maintaining argon plasma in the core of a hollow fiber with a diameter as small as 110 μm was demonstrated. The total length of plasma column in the hollow-core fiber was up to 25 cm at Ar pressure ~10 Torr. The frequency of microwave radiation used was 2.4 GHz, the average generated power was below 20 W. The obtained luminescence spectra of argon plasma in the fiber core showed that the argon luminescence in our experiments was observed only in the form of radiation from neutral atoms. The results obtained show that the microwave slot antenna is a promising pumping scheme for gas-discharge fiber lasers based on hollow-core fibers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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8 pages, 1434 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Multi-Wavelength Spatiotemporal Mode-Locked Fiber Laser at 1.55 μm

by Ze-Long Ma, Tian-Xu Zhao, Wei-Yi Hong, Hu Cui, Zhi-Chao Luo, Wen-Cheng Xu and Ai-Ping Luo

Photonics 2022, 9(10), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100723 - 04 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1460

Abstract

We propose and demonstrate an effective and simple multi-wavelength spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) laser. The laser introduces a multimode interference (MMI) effect using the core diameter mismatch of the fibers, thus enabling simultaneous mode-locking at multiple wavelengths. For the multi-wavelength mode-locking, each wavelength exists [...] Read more.

We propose and demonstrate an effective and simple multi-wavelength spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) laser. The laser introduces a multimode interference (MMI) effect using the core diameter mismatch of the fibers, thus enabling simultaneous mode-locking at multiple wavelengths. For the multi-wavelength mode-locking, each wavelength exists a matching pulse sequence, and different wavelengths can possess the same pulse state or different states. Meanwhile, at the dual-wavelength operation, by adjusting the polarization controllers, not only the central wavelength can be continuously adjusted from 1552.93 nm to 1572.64 nm, but also the wavelength interval can be adjusted from 2 nm to 19 nm, which benefits from the tunability of the MMI effect. Moreover, the spectral channels can be consecutively increased from 2 to 4. The obtained results provide a platform for understanding and studying the multi-wavelength STML properties. This flexible all-fiber laser has great potential for applications in the fields of optical signal processing, fiber sensing, and information coding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. Practical Applications of Fiber-Based Laser Sources)

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