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Pathogens
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Pathogenesis Associated with Hepatitis Viruses
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Pathogenesis Associated with Hepatitis Viruses

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2021) | Viewed by 9755

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zongdi Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
Interests: hepatitis viruses; virus entry and egress; immune evasion; vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Viral hepatitis continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality on the globe. All five known human hepatitis viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV) replicate noncytolytically, hence the diseases are thought to be mediated by immune responses to infections. With the exception of HAV, all other hepatitis viruses can cause chronic infections in humans that lead to serious diseases including cirrhosis and liver cancer. Despite the availability of effective therapies for chronic hepatitis B and C, a functional cure for HBV remains a challenge and the clearance of HCV by direct-acting antivirals does not guarantee the full recovery of immunity/reduced risk for liver cancer. Furthermore, despite being highly hepatotropic, all hepatitis viruses are associated with various forms of extrahepatic manifestations for reasons that are not fully understood. 

The Special Issue will highlight recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of the pathogenesis associated with hepatitis viruses. Reviews and research articles are both welcome. Topics can include but are not limited to the following: 

  1. New cell culture (such as stem cell-derived hepatocytes, coculture, and liver organoids) and animal models to study the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis.
  2. Mechanisms of extrahepatic manifestations associated with hepatitis virus infections.
  3. Mechanisms of liver injury during acute and chronic viral hepatitis.
  4. Mechanisms of virus-induced fibrosis, steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  5. Mechanisms of immune exhaustion during chronic hepatitis virus infections. 

Dr. Zongdi Feng
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hepatitis viruses
  • HAV
  • HBV
  • HCV
  • HDV
  • HEV
  • Cirrhosis
  • Liver cancer

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

15 pages, 1206 KiB  
Review
Regulatory Role of Phospholipids in Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Protein Function
by Anna V. Bulankina, Rebecca M. Richter and Christoph Welsch
Pathogens 2022, 11(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010102 - 15 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2330
Abstract
Positive-strand RNA viruses such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) hijack key factors of lipid metabolism of infected cells and extensively modify intracellular membranes to support the viral lifecycle. While lipid metabolism plays key roles in viral particle assembly and maturation, viral RNA synthesis [...] Read more.
Positive-strand RNA viruses such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) hijack key factors of lipid metabolism of infected cells and extensively modify intracellular membranes to support the viral lifecycle. While lipid metabolism plays key roles in viral particle assembly and maturation, viral RNA synthesis is closely linked to the remodeling of intracellular membranes. The formation of viral replication factories requires a number of interactions between virus proteins and host factors including lipids. The structure–function relationship of those proteins is influenced by their lipid environments and lipids that selectively modulate protein function. Here, we review our current understanding on the roles of phospholipids in HCV replication and of lipid–protein interactions in the structure–function relationship of the NS5A protein. NS5A is a key factor in membrane remodeling in HCV-infected cells and is known to recruit phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha to generate phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate at the sites of replication. The dynamic interplay between lipids and viral proteins within intracellular membranes is likely key towards understanding basic mechanisms in the pathobiology of virus diseases, the mode of action of specific antiviral agents and related drug resistance mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis Associated with Hepatitis Viruses)
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11 pages, 486 KiB  
Review
Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Neurological Manifestations and Pathophysiology
by Sébastien Lhomme, Florence Abravanel, Pascal Cintas and Jacques Izopet
Pathogens 2021, 10(12), 1582; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121582 - 03 Dec 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3060
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the first cause of viral hepatitis in the world. While the water-borne HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are found in developing countries, HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are endemic in developed countries due to the existence of animal [...] Read more.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the first cause of viral hepatitis in the world. While the water-borne HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are found in developing countries, HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are endemic in developed countries due to the existence of animal reservoirs, especially swine. An HEV infection produces many extra-hepatic manifestations in addition to liver symptoms, especially neurological disorders. The most common are neuralgic amyotrophy or Parsonage–Turner syndrome, Guillain–Barré syndrome, myelitis, and encephalitis. The pathophysiology of the neurological injuries due to HEV remains uncertain. The immune response to the virus probably plays a role, but direct virus neurotropism could also contribute to the pathophysiology. This review describes the main neurological manifestations and their possible pathogenic mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis Associated with Hepatitis Viruses)
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19 pages, 2375 KiB  
Review
Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis
by Kush Kumar Yadav and Scott P. Kenney
Pathogens 2021, 10(9), 1180; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091180 - 13 Sep 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3489
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus is an important emerging pathogen producing a lethal impact on the pregnant population and immunocompromised patients. Starting in 1983, it has been described as the cause for acute hepatitis transmitted via the fecal–oral route. However, zoonotic and blood transfusion transmission [...] Read more.
Hepatitis E virus is an important emerging pathogen producing a lethal impact on the pregnant population and immunocompromised patients. Starting in 1983, it has been described as the cause for acute hepatitis transmitted via the fecal–oral route. However, zoonotic and blood transfusion transmission of HEV have been reported in the past few decades, leading to the detailed research of HEV pathogenesis. The reason behind HEV being highly virulent to the pregnant population particularly during the third trimester, leading to maternal and fetal death, remains unknown. Various host factors (immunological, nutritional, hormonal) and viral factors have been studied to define the key determinants assisting HEV to be virulent in pregnant and immunocompromised patients. Similarly, chronic hepatitis is seen particularly in solid organ transplant patients, resulting in fatal conditions. This review describes recent advances in the immunopathophysiology of HEV infections in general, pregnant, and immunocompromised populations, and further elucidates the in vitro and in vivo models utilized to understand HEV pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis Associated with Hepatitis Viruses)
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