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Nanomanufacturing
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Feature Papers for Nanomanufacturing in 2023
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Feature Papers for Nanomanufacturing in 2023

A special issue of Nanomanufacturing (ISSN 2673-687X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 6222

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andres Castellanos-Gomez

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Guest Editor
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: two-dimensional materials; nanomechanics; strain-engineering; optoelectronics; molybdenum disulfide (MoS2); transition metal dichalcogenides; black phosphorus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Riccardo Frisenda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: nanotechnology; two-dimensional materials; two-dimensional semiconductors; metal-semiconductor interface; van der Waals heterostructures; devices; optoelectronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is designed to celebrate the founding of the open access journal Nanomanufacturing. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to: all aspects of lithographic methods aimed at the submicron scale to the nanoscale; the fabrication and integration of nanostructures, nanomaterials, and surfaces into functional devices; the exploitation and control of self-organization phenomena for patterning; and the further application of structures and devices in physical, biomedical, chemistry, environmental science, and life science experiments. We encourage researchers from all areas of nanomanufacturing, nanoengineering, and nanotechnology to submit abstracts for this Special Issue.

Nanomanufacturing is an open access journal that normally charges authors a fee. However, MDPI has agreed to publish papers that have been prepared for this founding issue free of any charge.

This will be a dynamic Special Issue, and articles will be published as soon as the reviewers and editors are ready to accept them, without waiting for the deadline for the entire Special Issue to arrive.

Dr. Andres Castellanos-Gomez
Dr. Riccardo Frisenda
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomanufacturing is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 5212 KiB  
Article
Developments in Mask-Free Singularly Addressable Nano-LED Lithography
by Martin Mikulics, Andreas Winden, Joachim Mayer and Hilde Helen Hardtdegen
Nanomanufacturing 2024, 4(2), 99-110; https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing4020007 (registering DOI) - 22 Apr 2024
Viewed by 393
Abstract
LED devices are increasingly gaining importance in lithography approaches due to the fact that they can be used flexibly for mask-less patterning. In this study, we briefly report on developments in mask-free lithography approaches based on nano-LED devices and summarize our current achievements [...] Read more.
LED devices are increasingly gaining importance in lithography approaches due to the fact that they can be used flexibly for mask-less patterning. In this study, we briefly report on developments in mask-free lithography approaches based on nano-LED devices and summarize our current achievements in the different building blocks needed for its application. Individually addressable nano-LED structures can form the basis for an unprecedented fast and flexible patterning, on demand, in photo-chemically sensitive films. We introduce a driving scheme for nano-LEDs in arrays serving for a singularly addressable approach. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges facing nano-LED fabrication and possibilities to improve their performance. Additionally, we introduce LED structures based on a hybrid nanocrystal/nano-LED approach. Lastly, we provide an outlook how this approach could further develop for next generation lithography systems. This technique has a huge potential to revolutionize the field and to contribute significantly to energy and resources saving device nanomanufacturing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Nanomanufacturing in 2023)
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11 pages, 2060 KiB  
Article
Influence of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Nanostructures on Resistive Humidity Sensing
by Chin-An Ku, Chia-Wei Hung and Chen-Kuei Chung
Nanomanufacturing 2024, 4(1), 58-68; https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing4010004 - 08 Mar 2024
Viewed by 489
Abstract
Humidity nanosensors play a vital role in modern technology industries, including weather forecasts, industrial manufacturing, agriculture, food and chemistry storage. In recent years, research on humidity sensors has focused on different materials such as ceramics, polymers, carbon-based materials, semiconductors, MXenes or triboelectric nanogenerators, [...] Read more.
Humidity nanosensors play a vital role in modern technology industries, including weather forecasts, industrial manufacturing, agriculture, food and chemistry storage. In recent years, research on humidity sensors has focused on different materials such as ceramics, polymers, carbon-based materials, semiconductors, MXenes or triboelectric nanogenerators, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Among them, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is a well-known ceramic humidity sensor material with a long history of research and development. AAO humidity sensors offer advantages such as simple manufacturing processes, controllable nanostructures, high thermal stability and biocompatibility. However, traditional AAO fabrication still has disadvantages like high costs and longer process times. Hence, finding a low-cost and efficient method to fabricate AAO for controlling different nanostructures to meet the requirements is consistently a major research topic. From our previous studies, we have studied the relationship between the AAO capacitive humidity sensor and its nanostructures. In this paper, we explore the effect of an AAO nanoporous structure controlled by an anodization voltage of 20–40 V on the resistive-type humidity sensor performance instead of a capacitive one. We efficiently apply one-step hybrid pulse anodization at 25 °C to significantly reduce the processing time compared to the traditional two-step process under 0–10 °C. The AAO nanostructures and their impact on sensor measurements of humidity at 20–80 RH% will be discussed in detail. An electrical resistive sensing mechanism is established for further performance improvement by controlling anodization voltage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Nanomanufacturing in 2023)
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20 pages, 4980 KiB  
Article
Electronic Devices Made from Chitin: NAND Gates Made from Chitin Sorbates and Unsaturated Bridging Ligands—Possible Integration Levels and Kinetics of Operation
by Stefan Fränzle and Felix Blind
Nanomanufacturing 2023, 3(4), 381-400; https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3040024 - 12 Oct 2023
Viewed by 946
Abstract
Chitin (usually derived from aq. arthropods like shrimp Pandalus borealis) acts as a potent metal sorbent in both environmental monitoring and retention applications such as wastewater purification or nuclear fuel reprocessing. Given this established (starting in the 1970s) use of chitin and [...] Read more.
Chitin (usually derived from aq. arthropods like shrimp Pandalus borealis) acts as a potent metal sorbent in both environmental monitoring and retention applications such as wastewater purification or nuclear fuel reprocessing. Given this established (starting in the 1970s) use of chitin and the fact that adsorption of metal ions/complexes to chitin does increase the currents observed in metal-centered redox couples by a factor of about 10, it is straightforward to conceive self-organized (by adsorption modified by adding certain ligands bridging M and chitin) surface films which exert electrical information processing by means of inner-sphere redox processes. Preliminary work is shown concerning the influence of ligands—including some possibly acting as inner-sphere-transfer agents, like caffeic acid—on metal ion retention by chitin. Another ligand is reported to enhance current flow into electrodes (i.e., electron injection from some reducing cation). These inner-sphere redox processes, in turn, can be controlled by creating or removing a chain of conjugated double bonds, e.g., by Diels–Alder reactions. Devices admitting corresponding reagents in a controlled manner and appropriate array then act as NAND gates, thus being components capable of performing each kind of classical computation. Applications in environmental analysis and “green” computing for simple purposes like electronic keys are suggested. The empirical basis for these conclusions includes studies on the influences of ligand additions on M adsorption (Mn, Ni, several REEs…) on chitin; some of these bridging ligands, like caffeinate and ferulate, can reversibly react with appropriate dienes. At the employed concentrations, distances among adsorbed metal ions are 1–3 nm, meaning that the charge-flow control takes spacer ligands like carotenoids. Practical setups are pointed to, using evidence from ligand-augmented metal ion–chitin interactions, which might combine oxidizing (Ce) and optically address reducing (Eu) metal ions into a framework for coligand-controlled charge flow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Nanomanufacturing in 2023)
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22 pages, 4903 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic Theory of Phase Separation in Nonstoichiometric Si Oxide Films Induced by High-Temperature Anneals
by Andrey Sarikov
Nanomanufacturing 2023, 3(3), 293-314; https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3030019 - 03 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1082
Abstract
High-temperature anneals of nonstoichiometric Si oxide (SiOx, x < 2) films induce phase separation in them, with the formation of composite structures containing amorphous or crystalline Si nanoinclusions embedded in the Si oxide matrix. In this paper, a thermodynamic theory of [...] Read more.
High-temperature anneals of nonstoichiometric Si oxide (SiOx, x < 2) films induce phase separation in them, with the formation of composite structures containing amorphous or crystalline Si nanoinclusions embedded in the Si oxide matrix. In this paper, a thermodynamic theory of the phase separation process in SiOx films is proposed. The theory is based on the thermodynamic models addressing various aspects of this process which we previously developed. A review of these models is provided, including: (i) the derivation of the expressions for the Gibbs free energy of Si oxides and Si/Si oxide systems, (ii) the identification of the phase separation driving forces and counteracting mechanisms, and (iii) the crystallization behavior of amorphous Si nanoinclusions in the Si oxide matrix. A general description of the phase separation process is presented. A number of characteristic features of the nano-Si/Si oxide composites formed by SiOx decomposition, such as the local separation of Si nanoinclusions surrounded by the Si oxide matrix; the dependence of the amount of separated Si and the equilibrium matrix composition on the initial Si oxide stoichiometry and annealing temperature; and the correlation of the presence of amorphous and crystalline Si nanoinclusions with the presence of SiOx (x < 2) and SiO2 phase, respectively, in the Si oxide matrix, are explained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Nanomanufacturing in 2023)
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12 pages, 2943 KiB  
Article
Electrostatic Charging of Fine Powders and Assessment of Charge Polarity Using an Inductive Charge Sensor
by Tong Deng, Vivek Garg and Michael S. A. Bradley
Nanomanufacturing 2023, 3(3), 281-292; https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3030018 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2859
Abstract
Electrostatic charging of powders becomes important, when particles become smaller, especially for fine powders at micron or sub-micron size. Charging of powders causes strong particle adhesion and consequently difficulties in processes such as blending or mixing, and sieving, etc. Not only does the [...] Read more.
Electrostatic charging of powders becomes important, when particles become smaller, especially for fine powders at micron or sub-micron size. Charging of powders causes strong particle adhesion and consequently difficulties in processes such as blending or mixing, and sieving, etc. Not only does the charge of powders influence the process and the quality of the products, but also the discharge creates risks of dust explosion. Assessing powder charge and the hazards in manufacturing can be difficult. One of the major challenges is to evaluate the charge levels and polarity in the powders but this requires a significant number of tests to detect charge tendency and distributions in bulk materials, which is time-consuming. In this paper, electrostatic charging of powders in material handling processes and the associated hazards are briefly reviewed. For an assessment, the challenges for sensing electrostatic charges of particulate solids, particularly for fine powders, are discussed. It was revealed that sensing the charge polarity for representative samples of powders can be the main challenge because of the difficulty in separation of the charged particles. The inductive charge sensor showed great potential to measure charge levels and polarity distributions in powders. Experimental trials for several fine powders showed that the inductive charge sensor can be used for rapidly assessing chargeability and charge polarity distribution of powders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Nanomanufacturing in 2023)
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