Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue, titled "Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis".

A healthy mycobiota/microbiota–gut–brain neuroendocrine axis is extremely important for the health of a host across its lifespan. The diverse roles of the gut microbial milieu and mycobiota importantly intersect between disease and dysbiosis, e.g., gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular as well as neurodegenerative diseases are the hottest areas in disease research today and have been widely reported in the last decade. Recent studies have elucidated connections between the gut microbiota, neurological disease, and disorders such as depression, anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism, and a host of other brain illnesses. Dysbiosis of the normal gut flora, whether from the overuse of antibiotics or from autoimmune or other mechanisms, can have negative consequences for humans, especially throughout key periods during our lifespan, as the gut flora changes with age in both phenotype and the number of types of species. Neurologic diseases, mental disorders, and euthymic states are influenced by alterations in the metabolites produced by the gut mycobiota and microbiota milieu. However, host immune systems and the function of the gut microbiome in particular are bidirectional with respect to communication between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the brain, which has only recently been recognized in health and disease. In fact, disruption of the gut–brain axis and its composition is now under investigation in a number of neurological diseases and other issues related to mental health, mental wellbeing, neurological development, depression, cravings, and anxiety.

We kindly invite you to contribute to this Special Issue in Microorganisms, an MDPI journal that broadly covers interactions between gut microbes, the GI tract, the endocrine system, the enteric nervous system, the immune system, and the central nervous system, with other aspects of disease that are of interest to you.

Prof. Dr. V. Prakash Reddy
Prof. Dr. Mark Obrenovich
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.