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Metals
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Sustainable Metallurgical Processes for Metallic Waste Valorization
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Sustainable Metallurgical Processes for Metallic Waste Valorization

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 8541

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hary Demey

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, GRENOBLE, FRANCE
Interests: waste valorization; thermal conversion processes; torrefaction; material characterization; hydrometallurgy; metal recovery; biomass
Dr. Muriel Marchand

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, GRENOBLE, FRANCE
Interests: Biomass valorization; Thermal conversion processes; Torrefaction; Powder rheology; reducing agents
Prof. Dr. Stefaan Cottenier

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Universiteit Gent, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park - Campus A, Ghent, Belgium
Interests: online learning for science and engineering; ab initio simulations for materials science

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Metallurgical processes and metal waste recovery are necessary and useful, yet they have a significant impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and therefore on global climate change. Can we process metals and recover metal wastes in a more sustainable way? This is the question studied by the DIGISER++ project, financed by EIT- Raw Materials (Project agreement No 19145).

In order to stimulate the scientific and technological debate about these topics, the DIGISER++ project (https://www.digiser.tech/) invites contributions to a Special Issue of the journal Metals, entitled “Sustainable Metallurgical Processes for Metallic Waste Valorization”. We are searching for authoritative reviews or reports on new developments relating to but not limited to the following topics:

  • Sustainable metallurgical processes;
  • Zero waste valorization of metallic residues;
  • Technologies for metal waste recovery;
  • Bio-sourced materials as combustibles for metallurgical applications;
  • Bio-sourced materials as reducing agents for metallurgical applications;
  • Thermal conversion processes for the production of bio-sourced materials (torrefaction, pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, gasification, );
  • Characterization of carbon-based materials (XRD, FTIR, ATG, SEM-EDX, );
  • Environmental and economic assessments: Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis of metallurgical processes.

Authors contributing to this Special Issue are encouraged to present their content also as a webinar that will be part of the DIGISER++ webinar series. This is an ideal way for authors/presenters to get feedback on their content from a relevant audience, and to prepare in this way the content of their manuscript.

Dr. Hary Demey
Dr. Muriel Marchand
Prof. Dr. Stefaan Cottenier
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Metal recovery
  • Reducing agents
  • Carbon-based materials
  • Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
  • Metallurgical processes
  • Hydrometallurgy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4101 KiB  
Article
Development of a Sustainable Metallurgical Process to Valorize Copper Smelting Wastes with Olive Stones-Based Biochar
by Aitziber Adrados, Mikel Merchán, Alejandro Obregón, Antxon Artola, Jon Ander Iparraguirre, Maider García de Cortázar, David Eguizabal and Hary Demey
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1756; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101756 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1748
Abstract
Flue dust waste coming from a copper (Cu) smelting company has been valorized using a newly developed metallurgical process with the aim of recovering a dust concentrated in valuable metals, such as lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), and studying the feasibility of replacing [...] Read more.
Flue dust waste coming from a copper (Cu) smelting company has been valorized using a newly developed metallurgical process with the aim of recovering a dust concentrated in valuable metals, such as lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), and studying the feasibility of replacing anthracite with biochar as reducing agent. Metallurgical trials using different mixtures of reducing agents have been performed in a furnace at 1400 °C. This furnace employs a high-power thermal plasma (HPTP) system as energy source. Using copper as the base metal, pellets containing a mixture of the waste, different reducing agents, and binder were introduced into the furnace for their dissolution. Recovery yields in the range of 45–85 wt.% for Pb and Zn were obtained in the flue dusts. All the trials proved the effectiveness of the developed process to enrich the flue dusts in valuable metals, including those only using biochar as reducing agent. Further trials will be carried out in order to better control the parameters involved in the metallurgical process developed and improve its efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Metallurgical Processes for Metallic Waste Valorization)
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17 pages, 6422 KiB  
Article
Upscaling Severe Torrefaction of Agricultural Residues to Produce Sustainable Reducing Agents for Non-Ferrous Metallurgy
by Hary Demey, Elvira Rodriguez-Alonso, Elie Lacombe, Maguelone Grateau, Nicolas Jaricot, André Chatroux, Sebastien Thiery, Muriel Marchand and Thierry Melkior
Metals 2021, 11(12), 1905; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11121905 - 26 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1586
Abstract
Torrefaction of almond shells and olive stones, which are typically considered agricultural waste in the southern regions of the European Union, was investigated in this work for application as reducing agents in the metallurgical industry. Four different temperatures were tested: 250, 280, 300 [...] Read more.
Torrefaction of almond shells and olive stones, which are typically considered agricultural waste in the southern regions of the European Union, was investigated in this work for application as reducing agents in the metallurgical industry. Four different temperatures were tested: 250, 280, 300 and 350 °C. The evolution of the solid yields with the temperature was determined with TGA measurements. This showed that the duration of torrefaction should not exceed 45 min. The kinetic profiles were successfully fitted using the pseudo-first-order rate equation (PFORE). Then, torrefaction for 45 min was systematically carried out at every temperature and for each resource in a laboratory-scale batch device. The raw and torrefied biomasses were characterized using proximate, ultimate and calorific analyses. The carbon/oxygen ratio and the heating values were increased as a result of the torrefaction severity (from 20 MJ/kg for both raw biomasses to 30 MJ/kg at 350 °C). The highest mass losses were obtained at the highest temperature (67.35 and 65.04 %w for almond shells and olive stones, respectively, at 350 °C). The fixed carbon value also increased, being higher than 67 %w for torrefaction at 350 °C. The large-scale torrefaction at 350 °C (45 min) of these biomasses was carried out in a continuous pilot plant. The solids were characterized as well, and their properties were close to those of the biomasses torrefied in the laboratory-scale batch reactor under the same conditions. This thermal treatment provided biochars with all the required properties to be used as reducing materials in metallurgy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Metallurgical Processes for Metallic Waste Valorization)
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13 pages, 696 KiB  
Article
Impact of the Addition of Pyrolysed Forestry Waste to the Coking Process on the Resulting Green Biocoke
by Jon Solar, Blanca María Caballero, Carmen Barriocanal, Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea and Esther Acha
Metals 2021, 11(4), 613; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040613 - 09 Apr 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2278
Abstract
The suitability of the charcoal obtained from woody biomass pyrolysis in a continuous screw reactor at 573, 773, 973, 1173 K temperature profile as fuel and reducing agent in metallurgical applications has been evaluated, in order to reduce the CO2 emissions in [...] Read more.
The suitability of the charcoal obtained from woody biomass pyrolysis in a continuous screw reactor at 573, 773, 973, 1173 K temperature profile as fuel and reducing agent in metallurgical applications has been evaluated, in order to reduce the CO2 emissions in these processes. On the one hand, a comparative study between charcoal and commercial reducers has been carried out. On the other hand, different proportions of this charcoal have been added to an industrial coking coal blend and carbonized together in a semi-pilot movable wall oven, to study the influence in the plastic and mechanical properties of the produced biocoke. The charcoal obtained fulfills the requirements to be used as fuel and reducer in non-ferrous processes where no mechanical strength is required, like rotary kilns, in substitution of fossil reducers. Its higher heating value (>32 MJ kg−1) is in the range or over those of fossil coals, with the advantage of not containing polluting elements (S, N) and having less ash. The addition of up to 0.9 wt.% almost does not affect the quality of the biocoke; but the addition of ≥2 wt.% degrades the biocoke mechanical and plastic properties below the demanded requirements. Moreover, biocoke reactivity seems independent of the amount of charcoal added. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Metallurgical Processes for Metallic Waste Valorization)
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12 pages, 1079 KiB  
Article
Study Regarding the Micro Filler Effect of Sludge Resulting from Steel Pickling
by Claudiu Aciu, Daniela Lucia Manea and Dana-Adriana Iluţiu-Varvara
Metals 2021, 11(2), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020361 - 21 Feb 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
The management of waste, resulting in high amounts from different production processes, often raises special problems. This is also the case for sludge, generated in increasing amounts from the chemical pickling of steel pipes. This article presents the results of laboratory experiments regarding [...] Read more.
The management of waste, resulting in high amounts from different production processes, often raises special problems. This is also the case for sludge, generated in increasing amounts from the chemical pickling of steel pipes. This article presents the results of laboratory experiments regarding the micro filler effect of sludge generated by chemical pickling of steel pipes and analyzes its capacity to be a pozzolanic material. The study involved the performance of mechanical tests (specific surface of the powder; compressive mechanical strengths) and chemical tests (determination of the general chemical composition of cement and sludge using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method; determination of oxides in the chemical composition of sludge by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES); X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the sludge and cement used). This topic was addressed because recycling of sludge, by using it for the manufacture of new building materials, takes advantage of the waste resulting from the pickling of steel pipes that-until now-has generated large volumes without a specific use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Metallurgical Processes for Metallic Waste Valorization)
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