Neurodegenerative Disorders and Metabolism of the Aging Brain

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Clinical Metabolic Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 6642

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
Interests: Parkinson’s disease; brain aging; neurodegeneration; neuromechanics; neurophysiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent findings suggest the existence of a single pathomechanism of neurodegeneration—the disrupted neuronal metabolism mainly due to deficient energy homeostasis. Activity-dependent metabolic rate adjustment is a fundamental mechanism of cellular and tissue physiology that gets disabled, and vital neuronal processes and activities are progressively extinguished. The energy deficit promotes proteinopathies, which in turn conquer the cellular metabolism due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins accompanied by changes in the intracellular environment. We have just started to interpret neurodegenerative diseases as initiated by metabolic age-related dysfunction. The dysfunction appears to be preprogrammed, and the age-related crisis strikes the weakest and the most sensitive points of the nervous system. Without doubt, the present search for new effective therapies should focus on brain metabolism. The rationale for the search strongly is supported by a comprehensive concept that connects neuronal energy metabolism to the control of aging and longevity of the human brain. For instance, several studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of supplementing intermediates of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, such as nicotinamide riboside, providing a proof of concept for the development of an effective intervention. In this Special Issue, we aim to summarize our up-to-date knowledge of the pathological processes occurring in the aging brain and to open up a new perspective in the struggle with neurodegenerative disorders.

Prof. Janusz Błaszczyk
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Brain metabolism
  • Aging processes in the brain
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Neuronal death
  • Neurodegenerative disorders
  • Therapeutic strategies
  • Protective strategies

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

20 pages, 983 KiB  
Review
Energy Metabolism Decline in the Aging Brain—Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders
by Janusz Wiesław Błaszczyk
Metabolites 2020, 10(11), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10110450 - 07 Nov 2020
Cited by 49 | Viewed by 6238
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidencethat indicates that the aging of the brain results from the decline of energy metabolism. In particular, the neuronal metabolism of glucose declines steadily, resulting in a growing deficit of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production—which, in turn, limits [...] Read more.
There is a growing body of evidencethat indicates that the aging of the brain results from the decline of energy metabolism. In particular, the neuronal metabolism of glucose declines steadily, resulting in a growing deficit of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production—which, in turn, limits glucose access. This vicious circle of energy metabolism at the cellular level is evoked by a rising deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the mitochondrial salvage pathway and subsequent impairment of the Krebs cycle. A decreasing NAD level also impoverishes the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes that augments genetic errors and initiate processes of neuronal degeneration and death.This sequence of events is characteristic of several brain structures in which neurons have the highest energy metabolism. Neurons of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia with long unmyelinated axons and these with numerous synaptic junctions are particularly prone to senescence and neurodegeneration. Unfortunately, functional deficits of neurodegeneration are initially well-compensated, therefore, clinical symptoms are recognized too late when the damages to the brain structures are already irreversible. Therefore, future treatment strategies in neurodegenerative disorders should focus on energy metabolism and compensation age-related NAD deficit in neurons. This review summarizes the complex interrelationships between metabolic processes on the systemic and cellular levels and provides directions on how to reduce the risk of neurodegeneration and protect the elderly against neurodegenerative diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurodegenerative Disorders and Metabolism of the Aging Brain)
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