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Metabolites
Special Issues
Micronutrient Metabolism in Critically Ill Patients
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Micronutrient Metabolism in Critically Ill Patients

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Clinical Metabolic Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 6225

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Elena Planells

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: critically ill patients; micronutrients; vitamins; minerals; nutritional assessment; requirements; biomarkers; antioxidants; oxidative stress; inflammation; infection; supplementation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yenifer Gamarra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Interests: critically ill patients; micronutrients; vitamins; minerals; nutritional assessment; requirements; biomarkers; antioxidants; oxidative stress; inflammation; infection; supplementation
Prof. Dr. Jorge Molina-López

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Integrated Didactics. University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
Interests: critically ill patients; micronutrients; vitamins; minerals; nutritional assessment; requirements; biomarkers; antioxidants; oxidative stress; inflammation; infection; supplementation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Critically ill patients present a hypercatabolic situation and systemic inflammation that causes the accelerated depletion of micronutrients, indispensable for the balance of antioxidant systems and homeostasis. This leads to a worse evolution during their stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). The assessment of the status of micronutrients from admission to the ICU, their possible supplementation, and their monitoring during the hospital stay are key in these high-risk patients in order to optimize the therapeutic strategy and improve the results of intervention.

This Special Issue will include research articles and reviews related to critically ill patients of any etiology and implications for the behavior of micronutrients. Therefore, vitamin and mineral biomarkers associated with inflammation, infection, alteration of oxidative stress and antioxidant status, phosphocalcic metabolism, and the immune system, among others, will be welcome.

Prof. Dr. Elena Planells
Dr. Yenifer Gamarra
Prof. Dr. Jorge Molina-López
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Critically ill patients
  • Micronutrients
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Nutritional assessment
  • Requirements
  • Biomarkers
  • Antioxidants
  • Oxidative stress
  • Inflammation
  • Infection
  • Supplementation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 821 KiB  
Article
Selenium Levels and Antioxidant Activity in Critically Ill Patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
by Lourdes Herrera-Quintana, Héctor Vázquez-Lorente, Jorge Molina-López, Yenifer Gamarra-Morales and Elena Planells
Metabolites 2022, 12(4), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12040274 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1593
Abstract
The Selenium (Se) status could be an important modifiable factor in critically ill patient outcomes due to the important role of this mineral in several functions. Although there are many clinical trials with Se interventions in the literature, the evidence is not sufficient [...] Read more.
The Selenium (Se) status could be an important modifiable factor in critically ill patient outcomes due to the important role of this mineral in several functions. Although there are many clinical trials with Se interventions in the literature, the evidence is not sufficient to establish a common criterion regarding the Se status. Background and aims: An analysis was made of the evolution of selenium (Se) and antioxidant status in critically ill patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) over 7 days of staying in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: A prospective analytical study was carried out on 65 critically ill patients aged 31–77 years. A healthy control group of 56 volunteers from the same region was recruited to allow comparisons with reference normal values. The selenium levels in both the plasma and erythrocytes were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity and the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were measured using kinetic colorimetric methods. Results: Low erythrocyte and plasma Se levels were found at ICU admission in comparison with the healthy reference group (p < 0.001), and the levels further decreased after one week (p < 0.001). Smaller changes in the plasma Se levels were associated with greater changes in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (p < 0.05). The GPx activity in the critically ill was lower than in the control group (p < 0.05), with an inverse correlation to the severity scores at the baseline (p < 0.05) and reaching normal values after one week (p < 0.05). SOD activity was directly correlated to TAC (p = 0.03), with both parameters exhibiting a direct correlation to albumin (p < 0.05) after 7 days of ICU stay. Conclusions: A deficient Se status was observed at ICU admission and worsened further over follow-up regardless of the evolution of the patient severity and the antioxidant parameters. Adequate Se support from the start of admission could preserve and contribute to improve the Se-related outcomes and critical patient recovery during longer periods in the ICU. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrient Metabolism in Critically Ill Patients)
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13 pages, 291 KiB  
Article
Low Levels of Few Micronutrients May Impact COVID-19 Disease Progression: An Observational Study on the First Wave
by Teresa-Maria Tomasa-Irriguible, Lara Bielsa-Berrocal, Luisa Bordejé-Laguna, Cristina Tural-Llàcher, Jaume Barallat, Josep-Maria Manresa-Domínguez and Pere Torán-Monserrat
Metabolites 2021, 11(9), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11090565 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4029
Abstract
We report an observational study performed between March and May 2020 in a Spanish university hospital during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The main objective was to analyse the association between the levels of micronutrients in severe COVID-19 patients and their outcome. Adult patients with [...] Read more.
We report an observational study performed between March and May 2020 in a Spanish university hospital during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The main objective was to analyse the association between the levels of micronutrients in severe COVID-19 patients and their outcome. Adult patients with a positive polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharyngeal swab or in tracheal aspirate culture in the case of intubation were included. Micronutrient data were obtained from plasma analysis of a standard nutritional assessment performed within the first 24 h of hospital admission. Vitamins A, B6, C and E were analysed with HPLC methods; 25-OH-vitamin D by immunoassay and zinc by colorimetric measurements. One hundred and twenty patients were included. We found that 74.2% patients had low levels of zinc (normal levels >84 µg/dL) with a mean value of 63.5 (SD 13.5); 71.7% patients had low levels of vitamin A (normal levels >0.3 mg/L) with a mean value of 0.17 (SD 0.06); 42.5% patients had low levels of vitamin B6 (normal levels >3.6 ng/mL) with a mean value of 2.2 (SD 0.9); 100% patients had low levels of vitamin C (normal levels >0.4 mg/dL) with a mean value of 0.14 (SD 0.05); 74.3% patients had low values of vitamin D (normal levels >20 ng/mL) with mean value of 11.4 (SD 4.3); but only 5.8% of patients had low levels of vitamin E (normal levels >5 mg/L) with a mean value of 3.95 (SD 0.87). The variables associated with the need for ICU admission were low levels of zinc (standard error 0.566, 95% CI 0.086 to 0.790, p = 0.017), low levels of vitamin A (standard error 0.582, 95% CI 0.061 to 0.594, p = 0.004), age over 65 (standard error 0.018, 95% CI 0.917 to 0.985, p = 0.005) and male gender (standard error 0.458, 95% CI 1.004 to 6.040, p = 0.049). The only variable that was independently associated with the need for orotracheal intubation was low levels of vitamin A (standard error 0.58, 95% CI 0.042 to 0.405, p = 0.000). Conclusions: Low levels of vitamin A and zinc are associated with a greater need for admission to the ICU and orotracheal intubation. Patients older than 65 years had higher mortality. Randomized clinical trials are needed to examine whether micronutrient supplementation could be beneficial as an adjunctive treatment in COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrient Metabolism in Critically Ill Patients)
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