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Processing-Structure-Property Relationship in Superalloys and High-Temperature Materials
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Processing-Structure-Property Relationship in Superalloys and High-Temperature Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2023) | Viewed by 8141

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sebastian Lech

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, AGH University of Science and Technology (AGH-UST), al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: superalloys; electron microscopy; TEM; materials characterization; structure-property relationship in metals
Dr. Wojciech Polkowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Łukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology, Kraków, Poland
Interests: severe plastic deformation; plasticity; materials strengthening; solid/liquid interfacial phenomena; high temperature materials; intermetallics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The processing–structure–property relationship is a fundamental and central concept in materials science and engineering. It connects the manufacturing processes of micro- and nanostructures, determining the behavior of the materials obtained.

Materials with a superior ability to maintain their properties at elevated temperatures are classified as high-temperature materials. Naturally, the term “high-temperature” has a different meaning for each class of material. For polycrystalline superalloys, “high-temperature” is a temperature above 650 °C, but for refractory ceramics, it means temperatures exceeding 2000 °C. Thus, operation above 0.5–0.6 of materials’ melting temperature is commonly used as a defining criterion. High-temperature materials are often used in high-efficiency industrial applications, such as energy systems, aeronautics, and the space sector. For each class of high-temperature material, there is a bottleneck, restraining their application temperature. Factors influencing this limit include manufacturing/synthesis technology, phase/structure stability, time-dependent crack growth, and oxidation resistance.

This Special Issue aims to report recent advances in high-temperature materials and various ways to push their application limits towards even higher temperatures. Potential papers include—but are not limited to—the following subjects:

  • Nickel-, cobalt- and iron-based superalloys;
  • Titanium alloys and intermetallics;
  • Ultra-high-temperature ceramics;
  • Coatings and corrosion resistance;
  • Design of high-temperature materials;
  • Advances in manufacturing technology;
  • Additive manufacturing of high-temperature materials.

Dr. Sebastian Lech
Dr. Wojciech Polkowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • superalloys
  • metals and alloys
  • intermetallics
  • ultra-high-temperature ceramics
  • additive manufacturing
  • materials design
  • oxidation resistance
  • coatings

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 11978 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Properties and Microstructure of Thick-Walled Welded Joint of Wear Resistant Materials
by Ryszard Krawczyk, Jacek Słania, Grzegorz Golański and Adam Zieliński
Materials 2022, 15(19), 7009; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15197009 - 09 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
The research was conducted on a thick-walled welded joint between the HTK 900H wear-resistant steel plates and the A6 cast profile. The aim of the experiment was to produce a joint with the relevant performance requirements, i.e., a good abrasion resistance joint in [...] Read more.
The research was conducted on a thick-walled welded joint between the HTK 900H wear-resistant steel plates and the A6 cast profile. The aim of the experiment was to produce a joint with the relevant performance requirements, i.e., a good abrasion resistance joint in the weld face area while ensuring its proper plasticity. The welded joint was made using the MAG PULSE and the high-performance MAG TANDEM methods under automated conditions using the linear welding energy ranging from 1.2 to 2.2 kJ/mm for the different joint regions. The scope of the research included both non-destructive and destructive testing. The non-destructive visual (VT), magnetic-particle (MT), and ultrasonic (UT) tests revealed a good quality of the welded joint with no significant welding imperfections. The microstructure of the welded joint in the weld zone was characterized by a dominant volume fraction of martensite/bainite. The measurement of hardness near the face of the weld confirmed obtaining similar values for this parameter. The HTK 900H steel was characterized by hardness at the level of 383 HV10, whereas the A6 cast-328 HV10, and the weld-276 HV10. At the same time, the analyzed joint showed high ductility in the range of 86 to 159 J. The tests carried out showed that the linear energy control allowed a welded joint with the required performance characteristics to be obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing-Structure-Property Relationship in Superalloys and High-Temperature Materials)
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16 pages, 3911 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study at the Phase Interface of a Single-Crystal Ni-Based Superalloy Using TEM
by Hongye Zhang, Huihui Wen, Runlai Peng, Ruijun He, Miao Li, Wei Feng, Yao Zhao and Zhanwei Liu
Materials 2022, 15(19), 6915; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196915 - 05 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1255
Abstract
The single-crystal Ni-based superalloys, which have excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures, are commonly used for turbine blades in a variety of aero engines and industrial gas turbines. Focusing on the phase interface of a second-generation single-crystal Ni-based superalloy, in-situ TEM observation was [...] Read more.
The single-crystal Ni-based superalloys, which have excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures, are commonly used for turbine blades in a variety of aero engines and industrial gas turbines. Focusing on the phase interface of a second-generation single-crystal Ni-based superalloy, in-situ TEM observation was conducted at room temperature and high temperatures. Intensity ratio analysis was conducted for the measurement of two-phase interface width. The improved geometric phase analysis method, where the adaptive mask selection method is introduced, was used for the measurement of the strain field near the phase interface. The strained irregular transition region is consistent with the calculated interface width using intensity ratio analysis. An intensity ratio analysis and strain measurement near the interface can corroborate and complement each other, contributing to the interface structure evaluation. Using TEM in-situ heating and Fourier transform, the change of dislocation density in the γ phase near the two-phase interface of the single-crystal Ni-based superalloy was analyzed. The dislocation density decreases first with the increase in temperature, consistent with the characteristics of metal quenching, and increases sharply at 450 °C. The correlation between the variation of dislocation density at high temperatures and the intermediate temperature brittleness was also investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing-Structure-Property Relationship in Superalloys and High-Temperature Materials)
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12 pages, 5454 KiB  
Article
Processing and Characterization of β Titanium Alloy Composite Using Power Metallurgy Approach
by Krystian Zyguła and Marek Wojtaszek
Materials 2022, 15(17), 5800; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175800 - 23 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1508
Abstract
The β titanium alloy matrix composite was made from a mixture of elemental metal powders, including boron carbide. During the high-temperature sintering process, in situ synthesis took place as a result of the TiB and TiC reinforcing phases formed. The identification of these [...] Read more.
The β titanium alloy matrix composite was made from a mixture of elemental metal powders, including boron carbide. During the high-temperature sintering process, in situ synthesis took place as a result of the TiB and TiC reinforcing phases formed. The identification of these phases was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses. The presence of unreacted B4C particles and the surrounding reaction layers allowed for the evaluation of diffusion kinetics of alloying elements using SEM and EDS analyses. The direction of diffusion of the alloying elements in the multicomponent titanium alloy and their influence on the in situ synthesis reaction taking place were determined. In addition, the relationship between the microstructural components, strengthening phases, and hardness was also determined. It was shown that in situ reinforcement of titanium alloy produced from a mixture of elemental powders with complex chemical composition is possible under the proposed conditions. Thus, it has been demonstrated that sufficiently high temperature and adequate holding time allows one to understand the kinetics of the synthesis of the strengthening phases, which have been shown to be controlled by the concentrations of alloying elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing-Structure-Property Relationship in Superalloys and High-Temperature Materials)
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Review

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53 pages, 21966 KiB  
Review
On the Prediction of the Flow Behavior of Metals and Alloys at a Wide Range of Temperatures and Strain Rates Using Johnson–Cook and Modified Johnson–Cook-Based Models: A Review
by Abdallah Shokry, Samer Gowid, Hasan Mulki and Ghais Kharmanda
Materials 2023, 16(4), 1574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041574 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2294
Abstract
This paper reviews the flow behavior and mathematical modeling of various metals and alloys at a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. Furthermore, it discusses the effects of strain rate and temperature on flow behavior. Johnson–Cook is a strong phenomenological model that [...] Read more.
This paper reviews the flow behavior and mathematical modeling of various metals and alloys at a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. Furthermore, it discusses the effects of strain rate and temperature on flow behavior. Johnson–Cook is a strong phenomenological model that has been used extensively for predictions of the flow behaviors of metals and alloys. It has been implemented in finite element software packages to optimize strain, strain rate, and temperature as well as to simulate real behaviors in severe conditions. Thus, this work will discuss and critically review the well-proven Johnson–Cook and modified Johnson–Cook-based models. The latest model modifications, along with their strengths and limitations, are introduced and compared. The coupling effect between flow parameters is also presented and discussed. The various methods and techniques used for the determination of model constants are highlighted and discussed. Finally, future research directions for the mathematical modeling of flow behavior are provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing-Structure-Property Relationship in Superalloys and High-Temperature Materials)
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