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Advanced Nanosciences Applied in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 25698

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Prof. Dr. Marieta Costache

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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; biomaterials; drug delivery; stem cells; stem cell differentiation; molecular biology
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Dr. Sorina Dinescu

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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: stem cells; biomaterials; regenerative medicine; exosomes; miRNAs; molecular biology; regenerative therapies
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Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Nanoscience field has gained an increasing interest in the last years, as a tool in the biomedical field for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Nanoscience covers multiple directions, such as nanomaterials, nanoparticles, nanocarriers or nanotechnologies, which have been widely integrated and studied in the medical field for different applications. Nevertheless, the association of nano-components to the biomedical research field brought major improvements in controlling the microenvironment and the substrate interaction with the cellular component. For instance, nanospecies within nanomaterials contribute to stimulating higher proliferation or better cellular adhesion to the substrate. Nanocarriers have shown great potential as drug- or bioactive molecules-delivery systems and enhanced their applications for nanomedicine. Similarly, nanoparticles display great versatility for bionanotechnologies and medicine, depending on their origin (magnetic, polymeric, metallic, silica, quantum dots, etc.); functionalization of the nanoparticles makes them even more useful for modulation of nanoparticle-cell interaction. Cumulatively, all these nanosystems can be designed to respond to the increasing needs in research and medicine, therefore constituting a powerful tool to develop personalized medicine.

This Special Issue addresses ”Advanced nanosciences applied in tissue engineering and drug delivery”, with a special focus on nanomaterials used in regenerative medicine and on nanosystems used as drug delivery platforms either for personalized regenerative medicine or for other biological-related applications. This special issue in Materials aims to publish original articles, short communications and reviews from scientists working in advanced nanosciences, with applications for the research and biomedical fields, including, but not limited to:

Nanomaterials designed for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research applications
Nanocarriers used to deliver drugs/natural compounds that favor tissue regeneration and/or wound healing
Nanoparticles that have applicability in either regenerative medicine or drug delivery
Advanced Drug delivery systems
Nanotechnologies related to the biomedical field

Prof. Dr. Marieta Costache
Dr. Sorina Dinescu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Nanoscience
nanomaterials
nanoparticles
nanospecies
nanotechnologies
nanocarriers
nanocomposites
tissue engineering
drug delivery
regenerative medicine

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 3490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Engineered as Topical Delivery of Etodolac: Optimization and Cytotoxicity Studies

by Anna Czajkowska-Kośnik, Emilia Szymańska, Robert Czarnomysy, Julia Jacyna, Michał Markuszewski, Anna Basa and Katarzyna Winnicka

Materials 2021, 14(3), 596; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030596 - 27 Jan 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2851

Abstract

Etodolac (ETD), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits antinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity. The main type of ETD administration is oral route, which is associated with significant systemic side effects. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), a modern lipid formulation, are non-toxic, biocompatible, can improve the solubility and stability of drugs. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) containing etodolac were prepared by a melt-emulsification and ultrasonication technique. Full factorial design (FFD) was applied to optimize the composition of NLC and their properties such as zeta potential, polidyspersity index, and entrapment efficiency. Formulations consisting of Capryol 90, glicerol monostearate, and Tween 20 displayed particle size below 300 nm, encapsulated drug with efficiency of approximately 87% and prolonged drug release up to 24 h. Stable formulations displayed moderately negative surface charge suggesting their limited ability to interact with skin surface but simultaneously presenting their lower risk to cause cell-membrane disruption. In fact, cytotoxicity assessment using human dermal fibroblasts and human epidermal keratinocytes revealed that etodolac-loaded NLC had no important impact on skin cells viability evaluated in vitro, which might evidence that NLC formulations are safe for dermal delivery. The studies developed were relatively fast and simple, requiring no specialized equipment method to prepare NLC as ETD carriers ensuring better solubility and prolonged drug release. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanosciences Applied in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery)

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12 pages, 1549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cyclodextrin Complexation Improves the Solubility and Caco-2 Permeability of Chrysin

by Ferenc Fenyvesi, Thi Le Phuong Nguyen, Ádám Haimhoffer, Ágnes Rusznyák, Gábor Vasvári, Ildikó Bácskay, Miklós Vecsernyés, Simona-Rebeca Ignat, Sorina Dinescu, Marieta Costache, Alina Ciceu, Anca Hermenean and Judit Váradi

Materials 2020, 13(16), 3618; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163618 - 16 Aug 2020

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 3404

Abstract

Chrysin is a bioflavonoid that can be found in natural products such as honey and propolis, and it possesses several biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. However, it is poorly soluble in water, and its bioavailability is limited. The aim of this research is to investigate the chrysin solubilization capacity of different β-cylcodextrin derivatives and compare their biological activities. Chrysin was complexed with β-cyclodextrin (βCD), hydroxypropyl-β-, (HPBCD) sulfobutylether-β-, (SBECD), and randomly-methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) by the lyophilization method in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. The solubilities of the chrysin–cyclodextrin complexes were tested, and the solubilization abilities of cyclodextrins were studied by phase solubility experiments. The cytotoxicity of the complexes was measured by the MTT method, and the permeability enhancement was tested on Caco-2 monolayers. The solubility study showed that the complexes formed with RAMEB had the highest solubility in water. The phase solubility experiments confirmed the strongest interaction between RAMEB and chrysin. In the viability test, none of the complexes showed cytotoxicity up to 100 µM concentration. The permeability study revealed that both at 1:1 and 1:2 ratios, the RAMEB complexes were the most effective to enhance chrysin permeability through the Caco-2 monolayers. In conclusion, cyclodextrins, especially RAMEB, are suitable for improving chrysin solubility and absorption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanosciences Applied in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery)

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13 pages, 3511 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Release of the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Flufenamic Acid by Multiparticulate Delivery Systems Promotes Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

by Andreea D. Lazăr, Sorina Dinescu, Mădălina G. Albu-Kaya, Sami Gharbia, Anca Hermenean and Marieta Costache

Materials 2020, 13(7), 1550; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071550 - 27 Mar 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2129

Abstract

Engineered tissue-like structures often instigate an inflammatory response in the host that can inhibit wound healing and ultimately lead to the rejection of the implant. In our previous study, we have characterized the properties and biocompatibility of novel multiparticulate drug delivery systems (MDDS), based on collagen matrix with gradual release of anti-inflammatory drug flufenamic acid, we evaluated their anti-inflammatory potential and demonstrated their efficiency against burns and soft tissue lesions. In addition to these results, FA was previously described as a stimulant for adipogenesis, therefore we hypothesized that MDDS might also be appropriate for adipose tissue engineering. After the cell-scaffold constructs were obtained, cell morphology, adhesion and spreading on the systems were highlighted by scanning electron microscopy, immunostaining and confocal microscopy. The effect of FA-enriched materials on adipogenesis was evaluated at gene and protein level, by RT-qPCR, confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Our current work indicates that flufenamic acid plays a beneficial role in adipocyte differentiation, with a direct effect upon the gene and protein expression of important early and late markers of adipogenesis, such as PPARγ2 and perilipin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanosciences Applied in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery)

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16 pages, 7367 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bacterial Cellulose-Modified Polyhydroxyalkanoates Scaffolds Promotes Bone Formation in Critical Size Calvarial Defects in Mice

by Ada Codreanu, Cornel Balta, Hildegard Herman, Coralia Cotoraci, Ciprian Valentin Mihali, Nicoleta Zurbau, Catalin Zaharia, Maria Rapa, Paul Stanescu, Ionut-Cristian Radu, Eugeniu Vasile, George Lupu, Bianca Galateanu and Anca Hermenean

Materials 2020, 13(6), 1433; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061433 - 21 Mar 2020

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 2659

Abstract

Bone regeneration is a claim challenge in addressing bone defects with large tissue deficits, that involves bone grafts to support the activity. In vitro biocompatibility of the bacterial cellulose-modified polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHB/BC) scaffolds and its osteogenic potential in critical-size mouse calvaria defects had been investigated. Bone promotion and mineralization were analyzed by biochemistry, histology/histomorphometry, X-ray analysis and immunofluorescence for highlighting osteogenesis markers. In summary, our results showed that PHB/BC scaffolds are able to support 3T3-L1 preadipocytes proliferation and had a positive effect on in vivo osteoblast differentiation, consequently inducing new bone formation after 20 weeks post-implantation. Thus, the newly developed PHB/BC scaffolds could turn out to be suitable biomaterials for the bone tissue engineering purpose. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanosciences Applied in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery)

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14 pages, 2572 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pullulan/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Hydrogels for Adipose Tissue Engineering

by Iuliana Samoila, Sorina Dinescu, Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, Luminita Marutescu, Gheorghe Fundueanu, Magdalena Aflori and Marieta Constantin

Materials 2019, 12(19), 3220; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193220 - 1 Oct 2019

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2644

Abstract

Composite hydrogels based on pullulan (HP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were both prepared by simple chemical crosslinking with sodium trimethaphosphate (STMP) or by dual crosslinking (simultaneously chemical crosslinking with STMP and physical crosslinking by freeze-thaw technique). The resulting hydrogels and cryogels were designed for tissue engineering applications. PVA, with two different molecular weights (47,000 and 125,000 g/mol; PVA₄₇ and PVA₁₂₅, respectively), as well as different P/PVA weight ratios were tested. The physico-chemical characterization of the hydrogels was performed by FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling kinetics, dissolution behavior, and degradation profiles in simulated physiological conditions (phosphate buffer at pH 7.4) were investigated. Pullulan concentration and the crosslinking method had significant effects on the pore size, swelling ratio, and degradation profiles. Cryogels exhibit lower swelling capacities than the conventional hydrogels but have better stability against hydrolitic degradation. Biocompatibility of the hydrogels was also investigated by both MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and LDH (lactaten dehydrogenase) assay. The MTT and LDH assays proved that dual crosslinked HP/PVA₁₂₅ (75:25, w/w) scaffolds are more biocompatible and promote to a greater extent the adhesion and proliferation of L929 murine fibroblast cells than chemically crosslinked HP/PVA₄₇ (50/50, w/w) scaffolds. Moreover, the HP/PVA₁₂₅ cryogel had the best ability for the adipogenic differentiation of cells. The overall results demonstrated that the HP/PVA composite hydrogels or cryogels are suitable biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanosciences Applied in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery)

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Review

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23 pages, 1864 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nano targeted Therapies Made of Lipids and Polymers have Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Lung Cancer

by Marwa Labib Essa, Maged Abdeltawab El-Kemary, Eman Mohammed Ebrahem Saied, Stefano Leporatti and Nemany Abdelhamid Nemany Hanafy

Materials 2020, 13(23), 5397; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235397 - 27 Nov 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7276

Abstract

The introduction of nanoparticles made of polymers, protein, and lipids as drug delivery systems has led to significant progress in modern medicine. Since the application of nanoparticles in medicine involves the use of biodegradable, nanosized materials to deliver a certain amount of chemotherapeutic agents into a tumor site, this leads to the accumulation of these nanoencapsulated agents in the right region. This strategy minimizes the stress and toxicity generated by chemotherapeutic agents on healthy cells. Therefore, encapsulating chemotherapeutic agents have less cytotoxicity than non-encapsulation ones. The purpose of this review is to address how nanoparticles made of polymers and lipids can successfully be delivered into lung cancer tumors. Lung cancer types and their anatomies are first introduced to provide an overview of the general lung cancer structure. Then, the rationale and strategy applied for the use of nanoparticle biotechnology in cancer therapies are discussed, focusing on pulmonary drug delivery systems made from liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles. Many nanoparticles fabricated in the shape of liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles are summarized in our review, with a focus on the encapsulated chemotherapeutic molecules, ligand–receptor attachments, and their targets. Afterwards, we highlight the nanoparticles that have demonstrated promising results and have been delivered into clinical trials. Recent clinical trials that were done for successful nanoparticles are summarized in our review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanosciences Applied in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery)

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11 pages, 2129 KiB

Open AccessReview

Utilization of Finite Element Analysis for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering

by Chaudhry R. Hassan, Yi-Xian Qin, David E. Komatsu and Sardar M.Z. Uddin

Materials 2019, 12(20), 3331; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203331 - 12 Oct 2019

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4027

Abstract

Scaffold design plays an essential role in tissue engineering of articular cartilage by providing the appropriate mechanical and biological environment for chondrocytes to proliferate and function. Optimization of scaffold design to generate tissue-engineered cartilage has traditionally been conducted using in-vitro and in-vivo models. Recent advances in computational analysis allow us to significantly decrease the time and cost of scaffold optimization using finite element analysis (FEA). FEA is an in-silico analysis technique that allows for scaffold design optimization by predicting mechanical responses of cells and scaffolds under applied loads. Finite element analyses can potentially mimic the morphology of cartilage using mesh elements (tetrahedral, hexahedral), material properties (elastic, hyperelastic, poroelastic, composite), physiological loads by applying loading conditions (static, dynamic), and constitutive stress–strain equations (linear, porous–elastic, biphasic). Furthermore, FEA can be applied to the study of the effects of dynamic loading, material properties cell differentiation, cell activity, scaffold structure optimization, and interstitial fluid flow, in isolated or combined multi-scale models. This review covers recent studies and trends in the use of FEA for cartilage tissue engineering and scaffold design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanosciences Applied in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery)

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