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Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2023) | Viewed by 15867

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Dr. Peijiang Liu

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1. South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
2. Reliability Physics and Application Technology of Electronic Component Key Laboratory, The Fifth Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Information Industry, Guangzhou 510610, China
Interests: nanomaterials; polymers; polymer matrix composites; electromagnetic wave absorption; microwave absorption; polymer brushes; advanced polymer composites; mechanical properties; templated synthesis; graphene reinforced polmyer; MXene
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Dr. Liguo Xu

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Guest Editor

1. School of Applied Chemical Technology, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan 528333, China
2. South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
Interests: gel material; flexible sensor; degradable material; marine antifouling; multicomponent polymerization; aggregation-induced emission
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polymeric and hybrid nanomaterials are important and versatile materials that can be tailored to overcome the current challenges in materials science. This new class of composite materials has shown enhanced optical, electrical and dielectric properties. The development of novel polymeric and hybrid nanomaterials that are able to fulfill the needs of diverse application areas with the consequent societal benefits is being applied to more specific applications. However, as the physical, chemical, and structural properties of hybrid and polymeric materials are dependent on the starting materials and on the functionalization methods in use, the characterization of these materials assumes particular relevance.

The present Special Issue aims to discuss all aspects regarding the innovation, functionalization, and characterization of polymeric and hybrid materials in their different forms (membranes, fibers, hydrogels, etc.). We welcome full articles, short communications, or review articles covering topics related to the application of polymeric and hybrid materials in the electronic, health, conservation and restoration, environment, and industrial fields. This Special Issue represents a good opportunity for researchers from different areas to present their research, to contribute to the establishment of more detailed correlations between methods, structure, and materials properties, and to highlight new challenges to achieve more efficient material performances.

Dr. Peijiang Liu
Dr. Liguo Xu
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

polymer
nanomaterial
hybrid material
gel material
mechanical property
aggregation-induced emission
electromagnetic wave absorbers
microwave absorbers
degradable material
multicomponent polymerization

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Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials (2nd Edition) in Materials (4 articles)

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 176 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials

by Peijiang Liu, Liguo Xu, Jinlei Li, Jianping Peng and Zibao Jiao

Materials 2024, 17(2), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020461 - 18 Jan 2024

Viewed by 570

Abstract

The advanced science and technology of polymer matrix nanomaterials are rapidly developing fields that focus on the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials in polymer matrices [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

2 pages, 174 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue: Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials

by Liguo Xu, Jintang Zhou, Zibao Jiao and Peijiang Liu

Materials 2022, 15(14), 4735; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144735 - 06 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1104

Abstract

Nanotechnology has witnessed an incredible resonance and a substantial number of new applications in various areas during the past three decades [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

Research

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13 pages, 21345 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fabrication of Multifunctional Silylated GO/FeSiAl Epoxy Composites: A Heat Conducting Microwave Absorber for 5G Base Station Packaging

by Zhuyun Xie, Dehai Xiao, Qin Yu, Yuefeng Wang, Hanyi Liao, Tianzhan Zhang, Peijiang Liu and Liguo Xu

Materials 2023, 16(24), 7511; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247511 - 05 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 634

Abstract

A multifunctional microwave absorber with high thermal conductivity for 5G base station packaging comprising silylated GO/FeSiAl epoxy composites were fabricated by a simple solvent-handling method, and its microwave absorption properties and thermal conductivity were presented. It could act as an applicable microwave absorber for highly integrated 5G base station packaging with 5G antennas within a range of operating frequency of 2.575–2.645 GHz at a small thickness (2 mm), as evident from reflection loss with a maximum of −48.28 dB and an effective range of 3.6 GHz. Such a prominent microwave absorbing performance results from interfacial polarization resonance attributed to a nicely formed GO/FeSiAl interface through silylation. It also exhibits a significant enhanced thermal conductivity of 1.6 W/(mK) by constructing successive thermal channels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

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13 pages, 3316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Puncture Resistance and UV aging of Nanoparticle-Loaded Waterborne Polyurethane-Coated Polyester Textiles

by Domenico Acierno, Lucia Graziosi and Antonella Patti

Materials 2023, 16(21), 6844; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216844 - 25 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1120

Abstract

The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of different types of nanoparticles on the UV weathering resistance of polyurethane (PU) treatment in polyester-based fabrics. In this regard, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO), hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ (200)), hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ (R812)), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were mixed into a waterborne polyurethane dispersion and impregnated into textile samples. The puncturing resistance of the developed specimens was examined before and after UV-accelerated aging. The changes in chemical structure and surface appearance in nanoparticle-containing systems and after UV treatments were documented using microscopic pictures and infrared spectroscopy (in attenuated total reflectance mode). Polyurethane impregnation significantly enhanced the puncturing strength of the neat fabric and reduced the textile’s ability to be deformed. However, after UV aging, mechanical performance was reduced both in the neat and PU-impregnated specimens. After UV treatment, the average puncture strength of all nanoparticle-containing systems was always greater than that of aged fabrics impregnated with PU alone. In all cases, infrared spectroscopy revealed some slight differences in the absorbance intensity of characteristic peaks for polyurethane polymer in specimens before and after UV rays, which could be related to probable degradation effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

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12 pages, 2116 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Electrical and Thermal Conductivities of Polymer Composites with a Segregated Network of Graphene Nanoplatelets

by Ki Hoon Kim, Ji-Un Jang, Gyun Young Yoo, Seong Hun Kim, Myung Jun Oh and Seong Yun Kim

Materials 2023, 16(15), 5329; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155329 - 29 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1352

Abstract

Introducing a segregated network constructed through the selective localization of small amounts of fillers can be a solution to overcome the limitations of the practical use of graphene-based conductive composites due to the high cost of fillers. In this study, polypropylene composites filled with randomly dispersed GNPs and a segregated GNP network were prepared, and their conductive properties were investigated according to the formation of the segregated structure. Due to the GNP clusters induced by the segregated structure, the electrical percolation threshold was 2.9 wt% lower than that of the composite incorporating randomly dispersed GNPs. The fully interconnected GNP cluster network inside the composite contributed to achieving the thermal conductivity of 4.05 W/m∙K at 10 wt% filler content. Therefore, the introduction of a segregated filler network was suitable to simultaneously achieve excellent electrical and thermal conductivities at a low content of GNPs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

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15 pages, 2984 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lipid Corona Formation on Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles Modulates Uptake and Toxicity in A549 Cells

by Anna Daniela Dorsch, Walison Augusto da Silva Brito, Mihaela Delcea, Kristian Wende and Sander Bekeschus

Materials 2023, 16(14), 5082; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145082 - 19 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1123

Abstract

Plastic waste is a global issue leaving no continents unaffected. In the environment, ultraviolet radiation and shear forces in water and land contribute to generating micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNPP), which organisms can easily take up. Plastic particles enter the human food chain, and the accumulation of particles within the human body is expected. Crossing epithelial barriers and cellular uptake of MNPP involves the interaction of plastic particles with lipids. To this end, we generated unilamellar vesicles from POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and POPS (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine) and incubated them with pristine, carboxylated, or aminated polystyrene spheres (about 1 µm in diameter) to generate lipid coronas around the particles. Lipid coronas enhanced the average particle sizes and partially changed the MNPP zeta potential and polydispersity. In addition, lipid coronas led to significantly enhanced uptake of MNPP particles but not their cytotoxicity, as determined by flow cytometry. Finally, adding proteins to lipid corona nanoparticles further modified MNPP uptake by reducing the uptake kinetics, especially in pristine and carboxylated plastic samples. In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time the impact of different types of lipids on differently charged MNPP particles and the biological consequences of such modifications to better understand the potential hazards of plastic exposure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

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15 pages, 4523 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and DC Electrical Conductivity of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and Thermoelectric Tellurium Nanoparticles

by Anna V. Zhmurova, Galina F. Prozorova, Svetlana A. Korzhova, Alexander S. Pozdnyakov and Marina V. Zvereva

Materials 2023, 16(13), 4676; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134676 - 28 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 705

Abstract

In this work, the structural characteristics and DC electrical conductivity of firstly synthesized organic–inorganic nanocomposites of thermoelectric Te⁰ nanoparticles (1.4, 2.8, 4.3 wt%) and poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PVT) were analyzed. The composites were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering analysis. The study results showed that the nanocomposite nanoparticles distributed in the polymer matrix had a shape close to spherical and an average size of 4–18 nm. The average size of the nanoparticles was determined using the Brus model relation. The optical band gap applied in the model was determined on the basis of UV-Vis data by the Tauc method and the 10% absorption method. The values obtained varied between 2.9 and 5.1 nm. These values are in good agreement with the values of the nanoparticle size, which are typical for their fractions presented in the nanocomposite. The characteristic sizes of the nanoparticles in the fractions obtained from the Pesika size distribution data were 4.6, 4.9, and 5.0 nm for the nanocomposites with percentages of 1.4, 2.8, and 4.3%, respectively. The DC electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites was measured by a two-probe method in the temperature range of 25–80 °C. It was found that the formation of an inorganic nanophase in the PVT polymer as well as an increase in the average size of nanoparticles led to an increase in the DC conductivity over the entire temperature range. The results revealed that the DC electrical conductivity of nanocomposites with a Tellurium content of 2.8, 4.3 wt% at 80 °C becomes higher than the conventional boundary of 10⁻¹⁰ S/cm separating dielectrics and semiconductors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

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19 pages, 7401 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Suppressing Viscous Fingering in Porous Media with Wetting Gradient

by Xiongsheng Wang, Cuicui Yin, Juan Wang, Kaihong Zheng, Zhengrong Zhang, Zhuo Tian and Yongnan Xiong

Materials 2023, 16(7), 2601; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072601 - 24 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 989

Abstract

The viscous fingering phenomenon often occurs when a low-viscosity fluid displaces a high-viscosity fluid in a homogeneous porous media, which is an undesirable displacement process in many engineering applications. The influence of wetting gradient on this process has been studied over a wide range of capillary numbers (7.5 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.8 × 10⁻⁴), viscosity ratios (0.0025 to 0.04), and porosities (0.48 to 0.68), employing the lattice Boltzmann method. Our results demonstrate that the flow front stability can be improved by the gradual increase in wettability of the porous media. When the capillary number is less than 3.5 × 10⁻⁵, the viscous fingering can be successfully suppressed and the transition from unstable to stable displacement can be achieved by the wetting gradient. Moreover, under the conditions of high viscosity ratio (M > 0.01) and large porosity (Φ > 0.58), wetting gradient improves the stability of the flow front more significantly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

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19 pages, 5445 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Studies of the Dielectric Properties of Polyester Imide Composite Membranes Containing Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Mesoporous Silica Particles

by Kuan-Ying Chen, Minsi Yan, Kun-Hao Luo, Yen Wei and Jui-Ming Yeh

Materials 2023, 16(1), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010140 - 23 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1407

Abstract

In this paper, comparative studies of hydrophilic and hydrophobic mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) on the dielectric properties of their derivative polyester imide (PEI) composite membranes were investigated. A series of hydrophilic and hydrophobic MSPs were synthesized with the base-catalyzed sol-gel process of TEOS, MTMS, and APTES at a distinctive feeding ratio with a non-surfactant template of D-(-)-Fructose as the pore-forming agent. Subsequently, the MSPs were blended with the diamine of APAB, followed by introducing the dianhydride of TAHQ with mechanical stirring for 24 h. The obtained viscous solution was subsequently coated onto a copper foil, 36 μm in thickness, followed by performing thermal imidization at specifically programmed heating. The dielectric constant of the prepared membranes was found to show an obvious trend: PEI containing hydrophilic MSPs > PEI > PEI containing hydrophobic MSPs. Moreover, the higher the loading of hydrophilic MSPs, the higher the value of the dielectric constant and loss tangent. On the contrary, the higher the loading of hydrophobic MSPs, the lower the value of the dielectric constant with an almost unchanged loss tangent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

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17 pages, 4774 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Turbulent CFD Simulation of Two Rotor-Stator Agitators for High Homogeneity and Liquid Level Stability in Stirred Tank

by Cuicui Yin, Kaihong Zheng, Jiazhen He, Yongnan Xiong, Zhuo Tian, Yingfei Lin and Danfeng Long

Materials 2022, 15(23), 8563; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238563 - 01 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2274

Abstract

Good solid-liquid mixing homogeneity and liquid level stability are necessary conditions for the preparation of high-quality composite materials. In this study, two rotor-stator agitators were utilized, including the cross-structure rotor-stator (CSRS) agitator and the half-cross structure rotor-stator (HCSRS) agitator. The performances of the two types of rotor-stator agitators and the conventional A200 (an axial-flow agitator) and Rushton (a radial-flow agitator) in the solid-liquid mixing operations were compared through CFD modeling, including the homogeneity, power consumption and liquid level stability. The Eulerian–Eulerian multi-fluid model coupling with the RNG k–ε turbulence model were used to simulate the granular flow and the turbulence effects. When the optimum solid-liquid mixing homogeneity was achieved in both conventional agitators, further increasing stirring speed would worsen the homogeneity significantly, while the two rotor-stator agitators still achieving good mixing homogeneity at the stirring speed of 600 rpm. The CSRS agitator attained the minimum standard deviation of particle concentration σ of 0.15, which was 42% smaller than that achieved by the A200 agitators. Moreover, the average liquid level velocity corresponding to the minimum σ obtained by the CSRS agitator was 0.31 m/s, which was less than half of those of the other three mixers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

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9 pages, 2020 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Controlling Charge Transport in Molecular Wires through Transannular π–π Interaction

by Jianjian Song, Jianglin Zhu, Zhaoyong Wang and Gang Liu

Materials 2022, 15(21), 7801; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217801 - 04 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1178

Abstract

This paper describes the influence of the transannular π–π interaction in controlling the carrier transport in molecular wires by employing the STM break junction technique. Five pentaphenylene-based molecular wires that contained [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-dienes (PCD) as the building block were prepared as model compounds. Functional substituents with different electronic properties, ranging from strong acceptors to strong donors, were attached to the top parallel aromatic ring and used as a gate. It was found that the carrier transport features of these molecular wires, such as single-molecule conductance and a charge-tunneling barrier, can be systematically controlled through the transannular π–π interaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

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Review

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31 pages, 4005 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biodegradable Biopolymeric Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications-Challenges and Future Outlook

by Radhakrishnan Sreena and Arputharaj Joseph Nathanael

Materials 2023, 16(6), 2364; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062364 - 15 Mar 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2437

Abstract

Biopolymers are polymers obtained from either renewable or non-renewable sources and are the most suitable candidate for tailor-made nanoparticles owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and immunogenicity. Biopolymeric nanoparticles (BPn) can be classified as natural (polysaccharide and protein based) and synthetic on the basis of their origin. They have been gaining wide interest in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, imaging and cancer therapy. BPn can be synthesized by various fabrication strategies such as emulsification, ionic gelation, nanoprecipitation, electrospray drying and so on. The main aim of the review is to understand the use of nanoparticles obtained from biodegradable biopolymers for various biomedical applications. There are very few reviews highlighting biopolymeric nanoparticles employed for medical applications; this review is an attempt to explore the possibilities of using these materials for various biomedical applications. This review highlights protein based (albumin, gelatin, collagen, silk fibroin); polysaccharide based (chitosan, starch, alginate, dextran) and synthetic (Poly lactic acid, Poly vinyl alcohol, Poly caprolactone) BPn that has recently been used in many applications. The fabrication strategies of different BPn are also being highlighted. The future perspective and the challenges faced in employing biopolymeric nanoparticles are also reviewed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials)

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