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Development of Biomaterials for Using as Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery
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Development of Biomaterials for Using as Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 6968

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yolanda Salinas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
Interests: controlled-release drugs; nanomedicine; biomaterials; stimuli-responsive polymers; degradable smart materials; self‐propelled nano- and microrobots; gated silica-based micro/nanoparticles

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, nanotechnology has been promisingly applied in many different sectors, from energy, and electronics to the food industry and cosmetics. In particular, the application of nanomaterials in the healthcare and medical sector, best known as nanomedicine, has attracted considerable attention for early diagnosis, targeting, imaging. and treatment of diseases. Among other major diseases, cancer continues to receive strong scientific interest due to the high public health concerns. Since the first sustained release systems introduced in 1952, the evolution of new drug administration mechanisms has progressed toward improving biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and cell uptake control. To overcome these challenging issues, new and more efficient non-invasive and intelligent materials (or “smart materials”) are being engineered to be responsive to certain stimuli, hence releasing their cargo more specifically. In particular, conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs) have shown their limited triggered control release, where a nonspecific cargo leakage is governed by diffusion. Bearing this application in mind, together with technological advances, there has been a strong drive toward obtaining different matrices and nanostructures engineered to be responsive to certain stimuli for releasing drugs under a controlled manner only under pathological conditions. In fact, a great variety of materials have already been developed whose use in nanomedicine is very promising, such as polymeric, organic, inorganic, or hybrid biomaterials, metallic and quantum dots, and different types of structures, such as micelles, supramolecular self-assemblies, polymersomes, dendrimers, and hydrogels.

This Special Issue aims to identify and review up-to-date biomaterials for drug delivery, and the Guest Editor cordially encourages you to submit your latest research as a full paper or communication paper or to write a field-related minireview.

Dr. Yolanda Salinas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drug delivery systems
  • gated materials for controlled release
  • stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles
  • polymeric biomaterials
  • carbon-based biomaterials
  • silica-based biomaterials
  • composite nanomaterials
  • biodegradable and bioabsorbable nanomedicines
  • self‐propelled nanorobots

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 6195 KiB  
Article
Development and Characterization of Innovative Multidrug Nanoformulation for Cardiac Therapy
by Amandine Gendron, Séverine Domenichini, Sandrine Zanna, Frédéric Gobeaux, Christophe Piesse, Didier Desmaële and Mariana Varna
Materials 2023, 16(5), 1812; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051812 - 22 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1238
Abstract
For several decades, various peptides have been under investigation to prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, including cyclosporin A (CsA) and Elamipretide. Therapeutic peptides are currently gaining momentum as they have many advantages over small molecules, such as better selectivity and lower toxicity. However, their [...] Read more.
For several decades, various peptides have been under investigation to prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, including cyclosporin A (CsA) and Elamipretide. Therapeutic peptides are currently gaining momentum as they have many advantages over small molecules, such as better selectivity and lower toxicity. However, their rapid degradation in the bloodstream is a major drawback that limits their clinical use, due to their low concentration at the site of action. To overcome these limitations, we have developed new bioconjugates of Elamipretide by covalent coupling with polyisoprenoid lipids, such as squalenic acid or solanesol, embedding self-assembling ability. The resulting bioconjugates were co-nanoprecipitated with CsA squalene bioconjugate to form Elamipretide decorated nanoparticles (NPs). The subsequent composite NPs were characterized with respect to mean diameter, zeta potential, and surface composition by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (CryoTEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS). Further, these multidrug NPs were found to have less than 20% cytotoxicity on two cardiac cell lines even at high concentrations, while maintaining an antioxidant capacity. These multidrug NPs could be considered for further investigations as an approach to target two important pathways involved in the development of cardiac I/R lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Biomaterials for Using as Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery)
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14 pages, 1626 KiB  
Article
Supplementation of Polymeric Reservoirs with Redox-Responsive Metallic Nanoparticles as a New Concept for the Smart Delivery of Insulin in Diabetes
by Vuk Uskoković
Materials 2023, 16(2), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020786 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the inability of the pancreatic beta cells to produce sufficient amounts of insulin, an anabolic hormone promoting the absorption of the blood glucose by various cells in the body, primarily hepatocytes and skeletal muscle cells. This form [...] Read more.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the inability of the pancreatic beta cells to produce sufficient amounts of insulin, an anabolic hormone promoting the absorption of the blood glucose by various cells in the body, primarily hepatocytes and skeletal muscle cells. This form of impaired metabolism has been traditionally treated with subcutaneous insulin injections. However, because one such method of administration does not directly correspond to the glucose concentrations in the blood and may fail to reduce hyperglycemia or cause hypoglycemia, the delivery of insulin in a glucose-dependent manner has been researched intensely in the present and past. This study tested the novel idea that the supplementation of polymeric reservoirs containing insulin with metallic nanoparticle precursors responsive to the redox effect of glucose could be used to create triggers for the release of insulin in direct response to the concentration of glucose in the tissue. For that purpose, manganese oxide nanoparticles were dispersed inside a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix loaded with an insulin proxy and the resulting composite was exposed to different concentrations of glucose. The release of the insulin proxy occurred in direct proportion to the concentration of glucose in the medium. Mechanistically, as per the central hypothesis of the study, glucose reduced the manganese cations contained within the metal oxide phase, forming finer and more dissipative zero-valent metallic nanoparticles, thus disrupting the polymeric network, opening up pores in the matrix and facilitating the release of the captured drug. The choice of manganese for this study over other metals was justified by its use as a supplement for protection against diabetes. Numerical analysis of the release mechanism revealed an increasingly nonlinear and anomalous release accompanied by a higher diffusion rate at the expense of chain rigidity as the glucose concentration increased. Future studies should focus on rendering the glucose-controlled release (i) feasible within the physiological pH range and (ii) sensitive to physiologically relevant glucose concentrations. These technical improvements of the fundamental new concept proven here may bring it closer to a real-life application for the mitigation of symptoms of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Biomaterials for Using as Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery)
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18 pages, 3647 KiB  
Article
Charge-Convertible and Reduction-Sensitive Cholesterol-Containing Amphiphilic Copolymers for Improved Doxorubicin Delivery
by Zhao Wang, Xinyu Guo, Lingyun Hao, Xiaojuan Zhang, Qing Lin and Ruilong Sheng
Materials 2022, 15(18), 6476; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186476 - 18 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1919
Abstract
For achieving successful chemotherapy against cancer, designing biocompatible drug delivery systems (DDSs) with long circulation times, high cellular endocytosis efficiency, and targeted drug release is of upmost importance. Herein, a well-defined PEG-b-P(MASSChol-co-MANBoc) block copolymer bearing redox-sensitive cholesteryl-side group was [...] Read more.
For achieving successful chemotherapy against cancer, designing biocompatible drug delivery systems (DDSs) with long circulation times, high cellular endocytosis efficiency, and targeted drug release is of upmost importance. Herein, a well-defined PEG-b-P(MASSChol-co-MANBoc) block copolymer bearing redox-sensitive cholesteryl-side group was prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization (with non-redox PEG-b-P(MACCChol-co-MAN-DCA) as the reference), and 1,2-dicarboxylic-cyclohexene acid (DCA) was then grafted onto the hydrophobic block to endow it with charge-convertible characteristics under a tumor microenvironment. The amphiphilic copolymer could be assembled into polymeric spherical micelles (SSMCs) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the corona/shell, and anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was successfully encapsulated into the micellar core via strong hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. This nanocarrier showed high stability in the physiological environment and demonstrated “smart” surface charge conversion from negative to positive in the slightly acidic environment of tumor tissues (pH 6.5~6.8), as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Moreover, the cleavage of a disulfide bond linking the cholesterol grafts under an intracellular redox environment (10 mM GSH) resulted in micellar dissociation and accelerated drug release, with the non-redox-responsive micelles (CCMCs) as the control. Additionally, a cellular endocytosis and tumor proliferation inhibition study against MCF-7 tumor cells demonstrated the enhanced endocytosis and tumor cell inhibitory efficiency of dual-responsive SSMCs/DOX nanomedicines, revealing potentials as multifunctional nanoplatforms for effective oncology treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Biomaterials for Using as Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery)
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10 pages, 4171 KiB  
Article
Hollow Silica Microparticles Based on Amphiphilic Polyphosphazenes
by Yolanda Salinas, Vanessa Poscher, Oliver Brüggemann and Ian Teasdale
Materials 2022, 15(14), 4763; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144763 - 7 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1169
Abstract
Hollow microparticles are important materials, offering a larger surface area and lower density than their solid counterparts. Furthermore, their inner void space can be exploited for the encapsulation and release of guest species in a variety of applications. Herein, we present phosphazene-based silica [...] Read more.
Hollow microparticles are important materials, offering a larger surface area and lower density than their solid counterparts. Furthermore, their inner void space can be exploited for the encapsulation and release of guest species in a variety of applications. Herein, we present phosphazene-based silica hollow microparticles prepared via a surfactant-free sol-gel process through self-assembly of the alkoxysilyl-containing polymer in water–ethanol solution. Solely, a silane-derived polyphosphazene was used as the precursor for the microparticle formation, without additional classical silica sources. These novel hollow silica-based microparticles were prepared without surfactant, using a designed amphiphilic polyphosphazene for the particle formation made by two components, a hydrophilic unit consisting of 3-mercaptopropyl(trimethoxysilane), and a hydrophobic unit (dodecanethiol) attached to the double bonds from the poly(allylamine)phosphazene backbone via a thiol-ene photoreaction. Due to these two functionalities, a “vesicle”-like self-assembled structure was formed in the reaction medium, which could be then utilized for the microparticle preparation. The influence of NaOH during the synthesis was shown to affect the size and the wall thickness of the microparticles. This effect may enhance the possibilities to tailor such microparticles for drug delivery purposes or for future controlled release of other substances, such as drugs, fragrances, or anticorrosive pigments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Biomaterials for Using as Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery)
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