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Properties of Dental Restorative Materials (Volume II)

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2024 | Viewed by 5036

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Prof. Dr. Leszek Klimek

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1. Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
2. Chair of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Dental Technology, Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
Interests: materials engineering; surface engineering; biomaterials; dental materials and technique; SEM; X-ray microanalysis; electron backscattered diffraction
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Dear Colleagues,

Materials used in restorative dentistry have different expectations depending on the type of dental restoration. They are exposed to mechanical loads, as well as abrasive and erosive wear, during the process of chewing. Furthermore, the oral environment is very aggressive towards the materials used in restorative dentistry and is also exposed to a wide range of conditions when consuming food, such as variable temperatures and variable pH. Thus, corrosive and aging resistance are also vital. Because they are used in the human body, it is also fundamental that they possess the appropriate biological properties in order to harm the patient as little as possible, such as biocompatibility and minimum bacterial colonization on their surfaces. The aesthetics of such materials is also important. Modern dental materials should satisfy all of the above conditions to the highest extent possible.

For this Special Issue of Materials, subjects including but limited to the following are welcome for submission:

Theoretical and experimental research, knowledge, and new ideas in dental materials and their technologies;
Properties of dental materials;
Surface treatments of dental materials;
Understanding of the degradation mechanisms of dental materials;
Computer modeling and simulation to predict the mechanical properties of dental materials.

Prof. Dr. Leszek Klimek
Guest Editor

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Keywords

mechanical properties
wear resistance, corrosion resistance
surface treatment of dental materials
biological properties
modeling of dental materials

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Properties of Dental Restorative Materials in Materials (20 articles)

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Research

13 pages, 1734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison between Different Bulk-Fill and Incremental Composite Materials Used for Class II Restorations in Primary and Permanent Teeth: In Vitro Assessments

by Maria Salem Ibrahim, Ahmed Saleh AlKhalefah, Abdullah Ali Alsaghirat, Read Ahmed Alburayh and Nezar Ahmed Alabdullah

Materials 2023, 16(20), 6674; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206674 - 13 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1245

Abstract

Introduction: Several advantages, including improved aesthetics and conservative cavity preparation, made resin-based composite (RBC) a popular restorative material. However, several limitations come with RBC restorations such as the necessity for proper isolation of the tooth and an incremental layering for the material due to the limitations of the depth of cure. Despite these advantages and limitations, the usage of these restorative materials is increasingly being expanded due to the advancement made since their introduction. To overcome some of the limitations, several types of RBC restorations were developed. Materials and Methods: Four different RBC materials used for class II restorations in primary and permanent teeth were compared: Z350 XT Filtek™ Universal Restorative (ZXT), Filtek™ Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative (FBF), Beautifil-Bulk Flowable (BBF) and Tetric™ N-Flow (TNF). Flexure strength, elastic modulus, surface roughness, microhardness and microleakage were assessed using standard methods or previously published protocols. The data and differences between the groups were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s multiple comparisons, Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann–Whitney) tests. Results: The study found that BBF (86.24 ± 7.41 MPa) and ZXT (64.45 ± 11.52 MPa) had higher flexural strength than FBF (50.89 ± 8.44 MPa) and TNF (50.67 ± 9.40 MPa), while both exhibited the highest values of surface roughness. Elastic modulus was the highest with BBF, which was not statistically significant from FBF or ZXT (p > 0.05). ZXT (109.7 ± 7.83 VH) exhibited the highest value of microhardness, which was statistically significant from the other three materials (p < 0.0001). Microleakage was assessed after thermocycling for 20,000 cycles to simulate two years in the mouth. FBF (70%) exhibited the most resistance to microleakage. Conclusions: Different types of RBC restorations exhibit different characteristics. The clinician needs to choose the most appropriate restorative material based on different clinical scenarios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties of Dental Restorative Materials (Volume II))

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12 pages, 8537 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality of the Ceramic and Ni-Cr Alloy Joint after Al₂O₃ Abrasive Blasting

by Leszek Klimek, Emilia Wołowiec-Korecka, Weronika Czepułkowska-Pawlak and Zofia Kula

Materials 2023, 16(10), 3800; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103800 - 17 May 2023

Viewed by 732

Abstract

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of airborne-particle abrasion process parameters on the strength of the Ni-Cr alloy–ceramic bond. One hundred and forty-four Ni-Cr disks were airborne-particle abraded with 50, 110 and 250 µm Al₂O₃ at a pressure of 400 and 600 kPa. After treatment, the specimens were bonded to dental ceramics by firing. The strength of the metal–ceramic bond was determined using the shear strength test. The results were analyzed with three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) test (α = 0.05). The examination also considered the thermal loads (5000 cycles, 5–55 °C) to which the metal–ceramic joint is subjected during exploitation. There is a close correlation between the strength of the Ni-Cr alloy–dental ceramic joint and the alloy roughness parameters after abrasive blasting: Rpk (reduced peak height), Rsm (the mean spacing of irregularities), Rsk (skewness of the profile) and RPc (peak density). The highest strength of the Ni-Cr alloy surface bonding with dental ceramics under operating conditions is provided by abrasive blasting under 600 kPa pressure with 110 µm Al₂O₃ particles (p < 0.05). Both the abrasive blasting pressure and the particle size of the Al₂O₃ abrasive significantly affect the joint’s strength (p < 0.05). The most optimal blasting parameters are 600 kPa pressure with 110 µm Al₂O₃ particles (p < 0.05). They allow the highest bond strength between the Ni-Cr alloy and dental ceramics to be achieved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties of Dental Restorative Materials (Volume II))

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16 pages, 5096 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Hydrothermal Factors on the Microhardness of Bulk-Fill and Nanohybrid Composites

by Daniel Pieniak, Agata M. Niewczas, Konrad Pikuła, Leszek Gil, Aneta Krzyzak, Krzysztof Przystupa, Paweł Kordos and Orest Kochan

Materials 2023, 16(5), 2130; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16052130 - 06 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1512

Abstract

This study evaluates the effect of aging in artificial saliva and thermal shocks on the microhardness of the bulk-fill composite compared to the nanohybrid composite. Two commercial composites, Filtek Z550 (3M ESPE) (Z550) and Filtek Bulk-Fill (3M ESPE) (B-F), were tested. The samples were exposed to artificial saliva (AS) for one month (control group). Then, 50% of the samples from each composite were subjected to thermal cycling (temperature range: 5–55 °C, cycle time: 30 s, number of cycles: 10,000) and another 50% were put back into the laboratory incubator for another 25 months of aging in artificial saliva. The samples’ microhardness was measured using the Knoop method after each stage of conditioning (after 1 month, after 10,000 thermocycles, after another 25 months of aging). The two composites in the control group differed considerably in hardness (HK = 89 for Z550, HK = 61 for B-F). After thermocycling, the microhardness decrease was for Z550 approximately 22–24% and for B-F approximately 12–15%. Hardness after 26 months of aging decreased for Z550 (approximately 3–5%) and B-F (15–17%). B-F had a significantly lower initial hardness than Z550, but it showed an approximately 10% lower relative reduction in hardness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties of Dental Restorative Materials (Volume II))

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10 pages, 1623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Effect of the Addition of Hydroxyapatite on Selected Mechanical and Tribological Properties of a Flow-Type Composite

by Zofia Kula, Leszek Klimek, Karolina Kopacz and Beata Śmielak

Materials 2022, 15(24), 9016; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15249016 - 16 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1011

Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of modification with sintered hydroxyapatite (HAp) on selected mechanical and tribological properties of a flow-type composite. (2) Methods: Samples in the shapes of cuboidal beams (n = 120) and cylinders (n = 120) with the proper dimensions were prepared from a standard flow-type composite and others with the addition of 2% wt., 5% wt., and 8% wt. sintered hydroxyapatite. The bending strength, compression strength, diametral compression strength, impact resistance, hardness, and tribological properties were compared. (3) Results: In all cases, it was established that an increase in the amount of HAp caused a reduction in the bending, compression, and diametral compression strength. Increasing the amount of added HAp also reduced the impact strength, hardness, and wear resistance. However, the differences were statistically insignificant. (4) Conclusions: The addition of hydroxyapatite to a flow-type composite material worsened its mechanical and tribological properties; however, the obtained values were acceptable with 2% wt. and 5% wt. HAp. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties of Dental Restorative Materials (Volume II))

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