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Welding and Joining Processes of Metallic Materials
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Welding and Joining Processes of Metallic Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 3679

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiaohong Zhan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
Interests: welding and joining; numerical simulation; additive manufacturing; laser remanufacturing
Dr. Jianfeng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
Interests: welding and processing; laser welding; ultrasonic vibration/magnetic field-assisted welding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to the Special Issue “Welding and Joining Processes of Metallic Materials” of Materials (Impact Factor: 3.4).

The last two decades have seen an intensive improvement in material welding, joining and additive manufacturing methods, enabling the weight reduction and high functionalization of multi-material structures. Today, it is possible to fabricate large-sized and thin-walled structures made of different types of metallic alloys with a more complicated geometry of reinforcement, including nanoparticles or precipitated phases. The advanced welding, joining and additive manufacturing processes of complex structures allows for the development of new technologies, with recent advances in manufacturing techniques further maximizing functionality while retaining the original character of the structure.

The main purpose of this Special Issue is to collect research on the advanced processes in material welding, joining and additive manufacturing aspects. The main content of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, arc welding, high-energy beam welding, friction stir welding, wire arc additive manufacturing, friction stir additive manufacturing, laser additive manufacturing and their modelling techniques. The last two decades have also witnessed the accelerated development of welding, joining and additive manufacturing processes that enable the high-strength and defect-free welding of joints for materials with various physical properties.

This Special Issue represents an excellent opportunity for researchers around the world to share different aspects of their work and report results related to this topic.

Research articles, review articles and communications are invited for submission to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Xiaohong Zhan
Dr. Jianfeng Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fusion welding
  • high-energy beam welding
  • solid-state welding
  • additive manufacturing
  • numerical simulation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 84007 KiB  
Article
Effect of Preheating and Post-Heating on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of TC17-Ti2AlNb Joint with Electron Beam Welding
by Lihang Li, Pengfei Fu, Bochao Lin and Xuedong Wang
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1654; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071654 - 03 Apr 2024
Viewed by 414
Abstract
To enhance welding quality and performance, preheating and post-heating are usually employed on high-temperature materials, concurrently with welding. This is a novel technique in vacuum chamber electron beam welding (EBW). TC17 and Ti2AlNb alloys are the hot topics in aero-engine parts, [...] Read more.
To enhance welding quality and performance, preheating and post-heating are usually employed on high-temperature materials, concurrently with welding. This is a novel technique in vacuum chamber electron beam welding (EBW). TC17 and Ti2AlNb alloys are the hot topics in aero-engine parts, and the welding of dissimilar materials is also a broad prospect. To settle welding cracks of Ti2AlNb, EBW with preheating and post-heating was investigated on TC17 and Ti2AlNb dissimilar alloy, which improved the manufacturing technology on high-temperature materials. The dissimilar joint no longer had cracks after preheating, which exhibited excellent welding stability and metallurgical homogeneity, and preheating and annealing had an important effect on mechanical properties. The joint strength after 630 °C annealing is higher than that of TC17 alloy base metal (BM) and other annealing temperatures, reaching 1169 MPa at room temperature and 894 MPa at 450 °C tensile condition. The joint plasticity after 740 °C annealing is equivalent to TC17 BM. EBW with preheating improved the microstructure characteristics and enhanced the plasticity of Ti2AlNb alloy weld and dissimilar joint, which would contribute to the application of Ti2AlNb alloy and Ti2AlNb dissimilar parts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Joining Processes of Metallic Materials)
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18 pages, 3351 KiB  
Article
Multiphysics Study of Thermal Profiles and Residual Stress in Welding
by Yousung Han
Materials 2024, 17(4), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040886 - 14 Feb 2024
Viewed by 654
Abstract
One of the effects of welding is residual stress. Welding involves complex tests concerning differences in values of the mechanical parameters of its regions as an effect of residual stress. Such multiphysics characteristics of welding pose a challenge in predicting residual stress. In [...] Read more.
One of the effects of welding is residual stress. Welding involves complex tests concerning differences in values of the mechanical parameters of its regions as an effect of residual stress. Such multiphysics characteristics of welding pose a challenge in predicting residual stress. In the present study, a thermo-mechanical constitutive model considering phase transformation and transformation plasticity is implemented in the numerical model in ABAQUS user subroutines. In order to consider phase evolution in welding, the metallurgical parameters for Leblond’s phase equation were obtained from the calibration of DH36 steel with a CCT diagram. In addition, the effects of welding speed on thermal profiles and residual stress generation were investigated. Analysis has suggested that the width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) decreases with an increase in welding speed, and the phase fraction is significantly affected by this kind of parameter. Such phase transformation has led to the generation of a compressive stress in the fusion zone (FZ) and HAZ. The volume difference between coexisting phases produces a compressive stress in cooling, and its magnitude was increased with martensite increasing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Joining Processes of Metallic Materials)
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17 pages, 10857 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-Narrow Gap Metal Active Gas Arc Welded and Narrow Gap Submerged Arc Welded Q235A Low Carbon Steel
by Shang Wu, Wenkai Xiao, Lingfei Gong and Fuju Zhang
Materials 2023, 16(19), 6601; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196601 - 09 Oct 2023
Viewed by 893
Abstract
The 18 mm thick Q235A low carbon steel plates were welded via the ultra-narrow gap metal active gas arc welding (ultra-NGMAGW) and narrow gap submerged arc welding (NGSAW), and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints’ area were characterized. The results [...] Read more.
The 18 mm thick Q235A low carbon steel plates were welded via the ultra-narrow gap metal active gas arc welding (ultra-NGMAGW) and narrow gap submerged arc welding (NGSAW), and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints’ area were characterized. The results showed that there is acicular ferrite (AF) in the weld zone of the joint obtained via the ultra-NGMAGW. The AF grains are fine and have a great difference in growth direction, resulting in high local dislocation density. However, there is no AF in the welded joint obtained via the NGSAW. Using numerical simulation analysis of the temperature field distribution and the thermal cycle curve in the welding process of the ultra-NGMAGW, it was found that the mechanism of microstructure evolution is that during the welding process of the ultra-NGMAGW, the heat input is low, the cooling rate is quick, and the residence time in the high temperature region is short. Therefore, pearlite with coarse grains is basically not formed. AF nucleates in different directions with inclusions as the core. The tensile strength of the weld joint obtained via the ultra-NGMAGW is 643 MPa, which corresponds to 139% of that of the base metal, and 132% of that obtained via the NGSAW. The ultra-NGMAGW joints exhibited better tensile strength and higher microhardness than the NGSAW joints, which is mainly due to the existence of AF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Joining Processes of Metallic Materials)
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15 pages, 6282 KiB  
Article
Hot-Cracking Mechanism of Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloy 6061 in Lap Joint Configuration
by Km Rakhi, Seunggu Kang and Joonghan Shin
Materials 2023, 16(19), 6426; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196426 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1382
Abstract
Laser welding, known for its distinctive advantages, has become significantly valuable in the automotive industry. However, in this context, the frequent occurrence of hot cracking necessitates further investigation into this phenomenon. This research aims to understand the hot-cracking mechanism in aluminum alloy (AA) [...] Read more.
Laser welding, known for its distinctive advantages, has become significantly valuable in the automotive industry. However, in this context, the frequent occurrence of hot cracking necessitates further investigation into this phenomenon. This research aims to understand the hot-cracking mechanism in aluminum alloy (AA) 6061, welded using a laser beam in a lap joint setup. We used an array of material characterization methods to study the effects of processing parameters on the cracking susceptibility and to elucidate the hot-cracking mechanism. A laser power of 2000 W generated large hot cracks crossing the whole weld zone for all welding speed conditions. Our findings suggest that using a heat input of 30 J/mm significantly mitigates the likelihood of hot cracking. Furthermore, we observed that the concentrations of the alloying elements in the cracked region markedly surpassed the tolerable limits of some elements (silicon: 2.3 times, chromium: 8.1 times, and iron: 2.7 times, on average) in AA6061. The hot-cracking mechanism shows that the crack initiates from the weld root at the interface between the two welded plates and then extends along the columnar dendrite growth direction. Once the crack reaches the central region of the fusion zone, it veers upward, following the cooling direction in this area. Our comprehensive investigation indicates that the onset and propagation of hot cracks are influenced by a combination of factors, such as stress, strain, and the concentration of alloying elements within the intergranular region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Joining Processes of Metallic Materials)
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