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Sustainable Advanced Composite Materials for the Built Environment
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Sustainable Advanced Composite Materials for the Built Environment

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Building Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 5907

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Cristina Cazan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Product Design and Environment Faculty, Product Design, Mechatronics and Environment Department, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
Interests: waste management; polymeric waste; solid waste processing; ecological recycling technology; bioenergy-biomass; life-cycle assessment; composite materials; materials synthesis and processing; materials characterization; surface and interface science; biotechnology; sustainable technology development; environmental assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sustainability is becoming a key driver in the selection process of composite materials. Advanced composite materials are durable materials increasingly adopted in construction, renewable energy, transportation, and many other markets. To these, composite materials, based on inorganic/organic waste, are added, which can play the role of matrix and/or filling material. Sustainability in their use phase is essential in selecting composites over traditional materials.

Due to remarkable versatility, the volume and number of product fields made of composite materials have grown constantly, constantly developing new solutions that improve the products' quality and attractiveness for new markets.

Composite materials deliver a long service life combined with low maintenance requirements, and composites based on waste result in lower production costs. To fully exploit the sustainability benefits of composite materials for the built environment, it is essential to consider the whole life cycle of products.

This Special Issue presents various sustainable advanced composite materials, including the classification of composites, their properties, their advantages and disadvantages, the areas in which they are used, and (unmistakably) their role in sustainable development. Both experimental and theoretical works on the synthesis, design, characterization, and application of advanced composites in different areas are welcome.

This Special Issue aims to present original articles, reviews, short communications, research notes, analyses, and case studies.

Dr. Cristina Cazan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainable advanced composite materials
  • eco-friendly composite
  • hybrid composite materials
  • composites processing and characterization
  • advanced manufacturing
  • surface and interface science
  • built environment
  • sustainable composites in aging environments

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 11049 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Cements and Construction Elements Based on Alkaline Activation with Sodium Sulfates from Fly Ash and Construction and Demolition Waste
by William Valencia-Saavedra, Rafael A. Robayo-Salazar and Ruby Mejía de Gutiérrez
Materials 2023, 16(18), 6272; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186272 - 19 Sep 2023
Viewed by 568
Abstract
This article demonstrates the possibility of producing hybrid cementitious materials (pastes, mortars, concretes, and precast elements) based on fly ash (FA) and construction and demolition wastes (CDW) using alkaline activation technology. Sodium sulfate was used as an activator and fine and coarse aggregates [...] Read more.
This article demonstrates the possibility of producing hybrid cementitious materials (pastes, mortars, concretes, and precast elements) based on fly ash (FA) and construction and demolition wastes (CDW) using alkaline activation technology. Sodium sulfate was used as an activator and fine and coarse aggregates were obtained from CDW residues. An addition of Portland cement (OPC) (10 to 30%) allowed for improvement in the mechanical behavior of the hybrid cements and them to be cured at room temperature (25 °C). The FA and CDW cementitious materials obtained compressive strengths of 37 MPa and 32 MPa, respectively. The compressive strength of FA and CDW alkali-activated concretes at 28 days of curing was 22 MPa and 18 MPa, respectively, which identifies them as structural concretes according to NSR-10 title C in Colombia. The potential use of these concretes was validated by obtaining and classifying precast materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Advanced Composite Materials for the Built Environment)
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20 pages, 6382 KiB  
Article
Accelerated Direct Carbonation of Steel Slag and Cement Kiln Dust: An Industrial Symbiosis Strategy Applied in the Bergamo–Brescia Area
by Giada Biava, Annalisa Zacco, Alessandra Zanoletti, Giampiero Pasquale Sorrentino, Claudia Capone, Antonio Princigallo, Laura Eleonora Depero and Elza Bontempi
Materials 2023, 16(11), 4055; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114055 - 29 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1736
Abstract
The carbonation of alkaline industrial wastes is a pressing issue that is aimed at reducing CO2 emissions while promoting a circular economy. In this study, we explored the direct aqueous carbonation of steel slag and cement kiln dust in a newly developed [...] Read more.
The carbonation of alkaline industrial wastes is a pressing issue that is aimed at reducing CO2 emissions while promoting a circular economy. In this study, we explored the direct aqueous carbonation of steel slag and cement kiln dust in a newly developed pressurized reactor that operated at 15 bar. The goal was to identify the optimal reaction conditions and the most promising by-products that can be reused in their carbonated form, particularly in the construction industry. We proposed a novel, synergistic strategy for managing industrial waste and reducing the use of virgin raw materials among industries located in Lombardy, Italy, specifically Bergamo–Brescia. Our initial findings are highly promising, with argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) slag and black slag (sample 3) producing the best results (70 g CO2/kg slag and 76 g CO2/kg slag, respectively) compared with the other samples. Cement kiln dust (CKD) yielded 48 g CO2/kg CKD. We showed that the high concentration of CaO in the waste facilitated carbonation, while the presence of Fe compounds in large amounts caused the material to be less soluble in water, affecting the homogeneity of the slurry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Advanced Composite Materials for the Built Environment)
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Graphical abstract

28 pages, 3002 KiB  
Article
Effects of Grinding Methods and Water-to-Binder Ratio on the Properties of Cement Mortars Blended with Biomass Ash and Ceramic Powder
by Vladan Pantić, Slobodan Šupić, Milica Vučinić-Vasić, Tomas Nemeš, Mirjana Malešev, Ivan Lukić and Vlastimir Radonjanin
Materials 2023, 16(6), 2443; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062443 - 18 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1583
Abstract
To combat environmental challenges—such as the depletion of natural resources and a high carbon footprint—and contribute to the effort of achieving zero-waste technology and sustainable development, the use of agricultural and industrial wastes in the cement industry has created a research interest. This [...] Read more.
To combat environmental challenges—such as the depletion of natural resources and a high carbon footprint—and contribute to the effort of achieving zero-waste technology and sustainable development, the use of agricultural and industrial wastes in the cement industry has created a research interest. This study explores the potential of two types of harvest residue ash (HRA) and three types of ceramic waste (CP) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) through: (1) the characterization of raw materials and (2) examining the physical properties and mechanical performance of cement-based mortar samples prepared with 10%, 30% and 50%wt of the selected SCMs ground into powder form as cement replacement. Two main variables were the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) and the effect of different grinding procedures. Experimental results demonstrated that flexural and compressive strengths were not significantly impaired by SCM additions of up to 50%, but higher replacement levels led to an increased permeability and higher capillary water absorption due to the dilution effect. Also, a lower w/b was shown to effectively reduce the porosity of mortar and increase its mechanical properties, allowing for higher shares of SCMs to be utilized. This study verifies the technical feasibility of cob corn ash and ceramic powder application as SCMs in mortar formulations, further promoting the practice of incorporating industrial and agricultural by-products in greener cementitious composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Advanced Composite Materials for the Built Environment)
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19 pages, 7132 KiB  
Article
Can TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers Be Used as Additives in Bio-Based Building Materials? A Preliminary Study on Earth Plasters
by Paola Gallo Stampino, Laura Riva, Marco Caruso, Imran Abdul Rahman, Graziano Elegir, Daniele Bussini, Javier Marti-Rujas, Giovanni Dotelli and Carlo Punta
Materials 2023, 16(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010074 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1431
Abstract
Interest towards cellulose nanofibers obtained from virgin and waste sources has seen a significant growth, mainly thanks to the increasing sensitivity towards the concept of circular economy and the high levels of paper recycling achieved in recent years. Inspired by the guidelines of [...] Read more.
Interest towards cellulose nanofibers obtained from virgin and waste sources has seen a significant growth, mainly thanks to the increasing sensitivity towards the concept of circular economy and the high levels of paper recycling achieved in recent years. Inspired by the guidelines of the green building industry, this study proposes the production and characterization of TEMPO-oxidized and homogenized cellulose nanofibers (TOHO CNF) from different sources and their use as additives for earth plasters on two different raw earth samples, characterized by geotechnical laboratory tests and mineralogical analysis: a high-plasticity clay (T2) and a medium-compressibility silt (ABS). Original sources, including those derived from waste (recycled cardboard and paper mill sludge), were characterized by determining chemical content (cellulose versus ashes and lignin) and fiber morphology. TOHO CNF derived from the different sources were compared in terms of nanofibers medium diameter, crystallinity degree, thermal decomposition and oxidation degree, that is the content of carboxylic groups per gram of sample. Then, a preliminary analysis of the influence of CNF on earth plasters is examined. Adhesion and capillary absorption tests highlighted the effect of such nanofibers on blends in function of two factors, namely the cellulose original source and the oxidation degree of the fibers. In particular, for both earth samples, T2 and ABS, a significant increase in adhesion strength was observed in the presence of some TOHO CNF additives. As far as capillary sorption tests, while an undesired increase in water adsorption was detected for T2 compared to the control, in the case of ABS, a significant reduction in water content was measured by adding TOHO CNF derived from recycled sources. These results pave the way for further in-depth investigation on the role of TOHO CNF as additives for earth plasters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Advanced Composite Materials for the Built Environment)
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