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The Production, Processing and Application of Polymer Composites

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymeric Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2024) | Viewed by 3888

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Dr. Raluca Ianchis

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National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites; nanocomposite biopolymer formulations for additive manufacturing/3D printing as well as functionalization of inorganic particles; encapsulation/controlled release of (bio)active substances
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Dr. Bogdan Trică

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Institutul National de Cercetare – Dezvoltare pentru Chimie si Petrochimie, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: transmission electron microscopy;3D printing;rheology of biomaterials; film-forming biopolymers; marine polysaccharides

Dr. Ioana Cătălina Gîfu

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National Institute Research & Development in Chemistry & Petrochemistry; 202 Splaiul Independentei, 6th Dist, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: synthesis and characterization of hybrid nanocomposites; functional Polymer Coatings and Films; deposition and surface modification; surface characterization; corrosion analyses
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The production of polymer composite materials that surpass the performance of normal polymers is of great concern in research and industry.

Through the appropriate selection of individual phases, and the connection of polymer matrices with/without natural or synthetic fillers, polymer composites obtain synergistic physical, chemical or biological properties. Thus, the high performance polymer composites can compete with conventional polymer materials in the automotive, aerospace, cultural heritage and medical science fields.

We invite you to contribute to our Special Issue, "The Production, Processing and Application of Polymer Composites", and look forward to receiving your submission.

Dr. Raluca Ianchis
Dr. Bogdan Trică
Dr. Ioana Cătălina Gîfu
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

polymer
composites
fillers
materials

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4654 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Estimation of Axial Compressive Strength for CFRP Based on Microscale Numerical Simulation and the Response Surface Method

by Honoka Yoshida, Huachao Deng and Jun Koyanagi

Materials 2024, 17(2), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020478 - 19 Jan 2024

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Abstract

Compressive strength is one of the most important properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). In this study, a new method for predicting the axial compressive strength of CFRP using the response surface method is developed. We focused on a microbuckling model to predict the compressive strength of unidirectional fiber composites. For the microbuckling model, axial shear properties are required. To obtain the compressive strength for various material properties, we perform individual shear tests and numerical simulations, but these require enormous computational costs and extended time. To address the issue of computational cost, in this study, we propose a new method to predict compressive strength using the response surface method. First, we perform shear simulation in a microscale fracture model for unidirectional CFRP with various parameters of the fiber and resin properties. Based on the results of the shear simulation, the response surface method is used to evaluate and develop prediction equations for the shear properties. This method allows for the study of the objective values of the parameters, without significant computational effort. By comparing both the results predicted from the response surface method (RSM) and the simulation results, we verify the reliability of the prediction equation. As a result, the coefficient of determination was higher than 94%, and the validity of the prediction method for the compressive strength of CFRP using the response surface method (RSM) developed in this study was confirmed. Additionally, we discuss the material properties that affect the compressive strength of composites comprised of fibers and resin. As a result, we rank the parameters as follows: fiber content, elastic modulus after resin yield, yield stress, and initial elastic modulus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Production, Processing and Application of Polymer Composites)

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19 pages, 6699 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Catalytic Steam-Assisted Pyrolysis of PET for the Upgrading of TPA

by Kuntong Song, Yi Li, Ruiqi Zhang, Nan Wang, Junhong Liu, Wenxia Hou, Qing Zhou and Xingmei Lu

Materials 2023, 16(6), 2362; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062362 - 15 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Compared with conventional pyrolysis, steam-assisted pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can effectively eliminate char and upgrade terephthalic acid (TPA). However, during steam-assisted pyrolysis of PET, the degree of cracking still varies greatly, and while some of the product is excessively cracked to gas, the other part is still insufficiently cracked. In addition, these two types of products seriously affect the yield and purity of TPA. To further enhance the TPA, an attempt was made to reduce these impurities simultaneously by synergistic catalysis among the different components of the metal–acid catalyst. Through a series of experiments, Pt@Hzsm-5 was screened as the optimal catalyst. In the catalytic steam-assisted pyrolysis of PET, the optimum reaction temperature decreased to 400 °C, the calculated yield of TPA increased to 98.23 wt%, and the purity increased to 92.2%. The Pt@Hzsm-5 could be recycled three times with no significant decrease in the obtained yield of TPA. The catalytic mechanism of the Pt@Hzsm-5 was investigated through the analysis of the products and isotope tracing experiments. The Pt catalyzed the hydrogen transfer reaction between the water molecules and PET molecules, which inhibited the excessive cracking of TPA by improving the hydrogen transfer efficiency, reduced the generation of gaseous products, and improved the calculated yield of TPA. In contrast, the Hzsm-5 catalyzed the reaction of monovinyl ester cracking to TPA, effectively reducing the impurities in the solid product, increasing the olefin yield, and improving the purity of TPA. This discovery not only clarifies the synergistic catalytic effect of the Pt@Hzsm-5 in the steam-assisted pyrolysis of the PET reaction but also lays the foundation for further screening of other inexpensive metal–acid catalysts. This is of great significance to realize the industrial application of TPA preparation by PET pyrolysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Production, Processing and Application of Polymer Composites)

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11 pages, 2779 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of Acrylate Dual-Tone Resists and the Effect of Their Molecular Weight on Lithography Performance and Mechanism: An Investigation

by Lifei Liu, Jintong Li, Ting Song, Rong Wu, Weizhen Zhao and Feng Huo

Materials 2023, 16(6), 2331; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062331 - 14 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1380

Abstract

Acrylate photoresists have gained considerable attention in recent years owing to their high resolution, high sensitivity, and versality. In this work, a series of thermally stable copolymers are synthesized by introducing an isobornyl group, and well characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (¹H-NMR). The effects of polymerization conditions on the molecular weight and their further influence on lithography are explored. By analyzing the thermal properties, film-forming capabilities, and the patterning behavior of these copolymers, a direct correlation between lithography performance and polymerization conditions is established via the molecular weight. In addition, the baking temperature of lithography is also optimized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), after which a line resolution of 0.1 μm is observed under the exposure of a 248 nm UV light and electron beam. Notably, our synthesized photoresist displays dual-tone resist characteristics when different developers are applied, and the reaction mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis is finally proposed by comparing the structural changes before and after exposure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Production, Processing and Application of Polymer Composites)

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Review

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11 pages, 5072 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Mini-Review: Fabrication of Polysaccharide Composite Materials Based on Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofibers

by Jun-ichi Kadokawa

Materials 2024, 17(8), 1898; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081898 - 19 Apr 2024

Viewed by 241

Abstract

This mini-review presents the fabrication methods for polysaccharide composite materials that employ self-assembled chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) as functional components. Chitin is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature. However, it is mostly not utilized because of its poor feasibility and processability. Self-assembled ChNFs are efficiently obtained by a regenerative bottom-up process from chitin ion gels using an ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methylimodazolium bromide. This is accomplished by immersing the gels in methanol. The resulting dispersion is subjected to filtration to isolate the regenerated materials, producing ChNF films with a morphology defined by highly entangled nanofibers. The bundles are disintegrated by electrostatic repulsion among the amino groups on the ChNFs in aqueous acetic acid to produce thinner fibers known as scaled-down ChNFs. The self-assembled and scaled-down ChNFs are combined with other chitin components to fabricate chitin-based composite materials. ChNF-based composite materials are fabricated through combination with other polysaccharides. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Production, Processing and Application of Polymer Composites)

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