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Multiple Sclerosis: New Mechanism and Insights into Clinical Signs, Diagnosis,...
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Multiple Sclerosis: New Mechanism and Insights into Clinical Signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2021) | Viewed by 7012

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Arianna Di Stadio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology, Permanent Temporal Bone Lab, University Hospital of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, PG, Italy
Interests: otology; hearing loss; cochlear implant; hearing aids; bahi; facial nerve; facial plastic surgery; neuroscience; multiple sclerosis; memory; head and neck; microrna; speech disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects young populations and leaves a big impact on the health system. New methods of diagnosis and new treatments are the key to figure out solutions which can reduce the likeliness of disabilities by reducing social and health costs.

Symptoms of MS are known and they are generally related to the lesions in the brain. Moreover, current evidence also identifies a peripheral involvement in the disease. In particular, audio-vestibular symptoms seem to be related to a neurodegeneration in the inner ear. Based on this new evidence, hearing disorders could be a means of monitoring the relapsing-remitting phase of MS. Moreover, the speech and language disorders tend to become worse in the relapsing phases of the disease, so their monitoring could be another useful tool in MS patients.

New methods of diagnosis are based on blood tests that identify specific markers and new radiologic investigations. Furthermore, electrophysiologic tests are always improving thanks to the new technologies.

Finally, pharmacologic treatments and new techniques of rehabilitation are always on going.

This Special Issue aims to address and discuss all innovations in clinical, diagnostic, and treatment aspects of MS.

Dr. Arianna Di Stadio
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • multiple sclerosis
  • symptoms
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • innovation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 473 KiB  
Article
The Core of Gut Life: Firmicutes Profile in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
by Madina Kozhieva, Natalia Naumova, Tatiana Alikina, Alexey Boyko, Valentin Vlassov and Marsel R. Kabilov
Life 2021, 11(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11010055 - 14 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2238
Abstract
The multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence rate has been increasing in Russia, but the information about the gut bacteriobiome in the MS-afflicted patients is scarce. Using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we aimed to analyze the Firmicutes phylum and its [...] Read more.
The multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence rate has been increasing in Russia, but the information about the gut bacteriobiome in the MS-afflicted patients is scarce. Using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we aimed to analyze the Firmicutes phylum and its taxa in a cohort of Moscow patients with relapsing-remitting MS, assessing the effects of age, BMI, disease modifying therapy (DMT), disability (EDSS), and gender. Among 1252 identified bacterial OTUs, 857 represented Firmicutes. The phylum was the most abundant also in sequence reads, overall averaging 74 ± 13%. The general linear model (GLM) analysis implicated Firmicutes/Clostridia/Clostridiales/Lachospiraceae/Blautia/Blautia wexlerae as increasing with BMI, and only Lachospiraceae/Blautia/Blautia wexlerae as increasing with age. A marked DMT-related decrease in Firmicutes was observed in females at the phylum, class (Clostridia), and order (Clostridiales) levels. The results of our study implicate DMT and gender as factors shaping the fecal Firmicutes assemblages. Together with the gender-dependent differential MS incidence growth rate in the country, the results suggest the likely involvement of gender-specific pathoecological mechanisms underlying the occurrence of the disease, switching between its phenotypes and response to disease-modifying therapies. Overall, the presented profile of Firmicutes can be used as a reference for more detailed research aimed at elucidating the contribution of this core phylum and its lower taxa into the etiology and progression of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiple Sclerosis: New Mechanism and Insights into Clinical Signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment)
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Review

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18 pages, 2727 KiB  
Review
Machine Learning Use for Prognostic Purposes in Multiple Sclerosis
by Ruggiero Seccia, Silvia Romano, Marco Salvetti, Andrea Crisanti, Laura Palagi and Francesca Grassi
Life 2021, 11(2), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020122 - 05 Feb 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3909
Abstract
The course of multiple sclerosis begins with a relapsing-remitting phase, which evolves into a secondarily progressive form over an extremely variable period, depending on many factors, each with a subtle influence. To date, no prognostic factors or risk score have been validated to [...] Read more.
The course of multiple sclerosis begins with a relapsing-remitting phase, which evolves into a secondarily progressive form over an extremely variable period, depending on many factors, each with a subtle influence. To date, no prognostic factors or risk score have been validated to predict disease course in single individuals. This is increasingly frustrating, since several treatments can prevent relapses and slow progression, even for a long time, although the possible adverse effects are relevant, in particular for the more effective drugs. An early prediction of disease course would allow differentiation of the treatment based on the expected aggressiveness of the disease, reserving high-impact therapies for patients at greater risk. To increase prognostic capacity, approaches based on machine learning (ML) algorithms are being attempted, given the failure of other approaches. Here we review recent studies that have used clinical data, alone or with other types of data, to derive prognostic models. Several algorithms that have been used and compared are described. Although no study has proposed a clinically usable model, knowledge is building up and in the future strong tools are likely to emerge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiple Sclerosis: New Mechanism and Insights into Clinical Signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment)
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